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Bailey SE, Davies TW, Imbrasas MD, Lazuen T, Hublin JJ, González-Urquijo J. New Neanderthal remains from Axlor cave (Dima, Biscay, northern Iberian Peninsula). J Hum Evol 2024; 187:103483. [PMID: 38262226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Shara E Bailey
- Department of Anthropology, Center for the Study of Human Origins, New York University, 25 Waverly Place, New York, NY, 10003, USA; Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Human Evolution, Deutscher Pl. 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Tom W Davies
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Giles Ln, Canterbury, CT2 7NZ, UK
| | - Mykolas D Imbrasas
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Giles Ln, Canterbury, CT2 7NZ, UK
| | - Talia Lazuen
- Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistoricas de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria, Av. De los Castros, s/n, 39005, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Jean-Jacques Hublin
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Human Evolution, Deutscher Pl. 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany; College de France, 11 Pl. Marcelin Berthelot, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Jesus González-Urquijo
- Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistoricas de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria, Av. De los Castros, s/n, 39005, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
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Early Pleistocene hominin teeth from Gongwangling of Lantian, Central China. J Hum Evol 2022; 168:103212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2022.103212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zanolli C, Kaifu Y, Pan L, Xing S, Mijares AS, Kullmer O, Schrenk F, Corny J, Dizon E, Robles E, Détroit F. Further analyses of the structural organization of Homo luzonensis teeth: Evolutionary implications. J Hum Evol 2022; 163:103124. [PMID: 34998272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2021.103124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The species Homo luzonensis has recently been described based on a set of dental and postcranial elements found at Callao Cave (Northern Luzon, Philippines) and dated to at least 50-67 ka. Seven postcanine maxillary teeth are attributed to this taxon, five of them belonging to the same individual (CCH6) and representing the holotype of H. luzonensis, whereas the isolated upper premolar CCH8 and the upper third molar CCH9 are paratypes of the species. The teeth are characterized by their small dimensions associated with primitive features, as also found in Homo floresiensis, another hominin having evolved in an insular environment of Southeast Asia. Postcranial bones of the hands and feet of H. luzonensis and H. floresiensis show Homo habilis-like or australopith-like features, whereas cranial and dental morphology are more consistent with the Asian Homo erectus morphology. Due to this mosaic morphology, the origin and phylogenetic relationships of both H. luzonensis and H. floresiensis are still debated. To test the hypotheses that H. luzonensis derives from H. erectus or from an earlier small-brained hominin, we analyzed the µCT scans of the teeth. We investigated both external and internal tooth structure using morphometric methods including: crown outline shape, tooth crown tissue proportions, enamel-dentine junction shape, and pulp morphology. Homo luzonensis external crown morphology aligns more with H. erectus than with H. habilis/H. rudolfensis. The internal structural organization of H. luzonensis teeth exhibits more affinities with that of H. erectus and H. floresiensis than with Neanderthals and modern humans. Our results suggest that both H. floresiensis and H. luzonensis likely evolved from some H. erectus groups that dispersed in the various islands of this region and became isolated until endemic speciation events occurred at least twice during the Pleistocene in insular environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Zanolli
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, MCC, PACEA, UMR 5199, F-33600 Pessac, France.
| | - Yousuke Kaifu
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Lei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100044, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Song Xing
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100044, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Armand S Mijares
- Archaeological Studies Program, University of the Philippines, Quezon City 1101, Philippines; National Museum of the Philippines, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Ottmar Kullmer
- Division of Palaeoanthropology, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Palaeobiology and Environment, Institute of Ecology, Evolution, and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Friedemann Schrenk
- Division of Palaeoanthropology, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Palaeobiology and Environment, Institute of Ecology, Evolution, and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Julien Corny
- UMR 7194, CNRS, Département Homme & Environnement, Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Musée de L'Homme, 75016 Paris, France
| | - Eusebio Dizon
- National Museum of the Philippines, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Emil Robles
- Archaeological Studies Program, University of the Philippines, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | - Florent Détroit
- UMR 7194, CNRS, Département Homme & Environnement, Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Musée de L'Homme, 75016 Paris, France.
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Pan L, Dumoncel J, Mazurier A, Zanolli C. Hominin diversity in East Asia during the Middle Pleistocene: A premolar endostructural perspective. J Hum Evol 2020; 148:102888. [PMID: 33039881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Following the recent studies of East Asian mid-Middle to early Late Pleistocene hominin material, a large spectrum of morphological diversity has been recognized and the coexistence of archaic ('Homo erectus-like') and derived ('modern-like') dental morphological patterns has been highlighted. In fact, for most of these Chinese fossils, generally categorized as 'archaic Homo sapiens' or 'post-H. erectus Homo', the taxonomic attribution is a matter of contention. With the help of μCT techniques and a deformation-based 3D geometric morphometric approach, we focused on the morphological variation in the enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) of 18 upper and lower premolars from Chinese Middle Pleistocene hominins. We then compared our results with a number of fossil and modern human groups, including Early Pleistocene H. erectus from Sangiran; late Early Pleistocene hominins from Tighenif, Algeria; classic Neanderthals; and modern humans. Our results highlight an evolutionary/chronological trend of crown base reduction, elevation of EDJ topography, and EDJ surface simplification in the hominin groups studied here. Moreover, this study brings insights to the taxonomy/phylogeny of 6 late Middle Pleistocene specimens whose evolutionary placement has been debated for decades. Among these specimens, Changyang premolars show features that can be aligned with the Asian H. erectus hypodigm, whereas Panxian Dadong and Tongzi premolars are more similar to Late Pleistocene Homo. Compared with early to mid-Middle Pleistocene hominins in East Asia, late Middle Pleistocene hominins evince an enlarged morphological variation. A persistence of archaic morphotypes and possible admixture among populations during the late Middle Pleistocene are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, CAS, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, CAS, Nanjing, China
| | - Jean Dumoncel
- Laboratoire AMIS, UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Toulouse III, Paul Sabatier, France
| | - Arnaud Mazurier
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux, UMR 7285 CNRS, Université de Poitiers, 86073, Poitiers, France
| | - Clément Zanolli
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, MCC, PACEA, UMR 5199, F-33600 Pessac, France.
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Zanolli C, Schillinger B, Kullmer O, Schrenk F, Kelley J, Rössner GE, Macchiarelli R. When X-Rays Do Not Work. Characterizing the Internal Structure of Fossil Hominid Dentognathic Remains Using High-Resolution Neutron Microtomographic Imaging. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Gómez-Olivencia A, López-Onaindia D, Sala N, Balzeau A, Pantoja-Pérez A, Arganda-Carreras I, Arlegi M, Rios-Garaizar J, Gómez-Robles A. The human remains from Axlor (Dima, Biscay, northern Iberian Peninsula). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2019; 172:475-491. [PMID: 31889305 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We provide the description and comparative analysis of all the human fossil remains found at Axlor during the excavations carried out by J. M. de Barandiarán from 1967 to 1974: a cranial vault fragment and seven teeth, five of which likely belonged to the same individual, although two are currently lost. Our goal is to describe in detail all these human remains and discuss both their taxonomic attribution and their stratigraphic context. MATERIALS AND METHODS We describe external and internal anatomy, and use classic and geometric morphometrics. The teeth from Axlor are compared to Neandertals, Upper Paleolithic, and recent modern humans. RESULTS Two teeth (a left dm2 , a left di1 ) and the parietal fragment show morphological features consistent with a Neandertal classification, and were found in an undisturbed Mousterian context. The remaining three teeth (plus the two lost ones), initially classified as Neandertals, show morphological features and a general size that are more compatible with their classification as modern humans. DISCUSSION A left parietal fragment (Level VIII) from a single probably adult Neandertal individual was recovered during the old excavations performed by Barandiarán. Additionally, two different Neandertal children lost deciduous teeth during the formations of levels V (left di1 ) and IV (right dm2 ). In addition, a modern human individual is represented by five remains (two currently lost) from a complex stratigraphic setting. Some of the morphological features of these remains suggest that they may represent one of the scarce examples of Upper Paleolithic modern human remains in the northern Iberian Peninsula, which should be confirmed by direct dating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Gómez-Olivencia
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,IKERBASQUE. Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.,Sociedad de Ciencias Aranzadi, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Centro UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego López-Onaindia
- GREAB, Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Facutat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Nohemi Sala
- Centro UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Burgos, Spain
| | - Antoine Balzeau
- Équipe de Paléontologie Humaine, UMR 7194, CNRS, Département Homme et Environnement, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Musée de l'Homme, Paris, France.,Department of African Zoology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Ana Pantoja-Pérez
- Centro UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Arganda-Carreras
- IKERBASQUE. Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencias de la Computacion e Inteligencia Artificial, Facultad de Informatica, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 1, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 4, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Mikel Arlegi
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,PACEA UMR 5199, Bâtiment B8, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Joseba Rios-Garaizar
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Burgos, Spain
| | - Aida Gómez-Robles
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
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Pan L, Dumoncel J, Mazurier A, Zanolli C. Structural analysis of premolar roots in Middle Pleistocene hominins from China. J Hum Evol 2019; 136:102669. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.102669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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