ADRB2 polymorphisms in allergic asthma in Han Chinese children

One panel with four single nucleotide polymorphisms for Chinese children with asthma: Integrating public data and whole exome sequencing

BACKGROUND

Polymorphisms in susceptibility genes are a major risk factor for the development of asthma. Understanding these genetic variants helps elucidate asthma's pathogenesis, predict its onset, expedite antiasthma medication development, and achieve precise targeted individualized treatment. This study developed a test kit based on susceptibility genes for predicting asthma in Chinese children.

METHODS

The present study constructed a VariantPro Targeted Library Preparation System with 72 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci associated with asthma from the ClinVar, OMIM, and SNPedia databases. These SNP loci were detected in the peripheral blood of 499 children with asthma and 500 healthy children. Significant differences were discovered for seven SNP loci. Simultaneously, whole exome sequencing of 46 children with asthma and 50 healthy children identified eight SNP loci with significant differences. The 15 SNP loci identified from Chinese children with asthma were validated in an independent population of 97 children with asthma and 93 healthy children by conducting multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-next-generation sequencing genotyping.

RESULTS

Four loci (rs12422149, rs7216389, rs4065275, and rs41453444) were identified, and a single-tube multifluorescent qPCR (real-time quantitative PCR) test kit was developed using these four SNP loci. The kit was tested on 269 children with asthma and 724 children with bronchopneumonia.

CONCLUSIONS

We identified four loci as susceptibility genes and developed a quantitative PCR test kit for predicting asthma development in Chinese children.

Association of ADRB2 gene polymorphisms and intestinal microbiota in Chinese Han adolescents

Gut microbiota are closely related to health, and the β2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) gene is associated with gastrointestinal diseases. However, little is known about the relationship between ADRB2 gene polymorphisms and intestinal microbiota. In the present study, we aimed to explore the relationship between ADRB2 gene polymorphisms and gut microbiota in Chinese Han adolescents. Data analysis showed that the relative abundance, PICRUSt function prediction, and Chao1 and ACE indices of gut microbiota were significantly different between males and females (P < 0.05). The rs1042711 was positively associated with the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Coriobacteriia, Bifidobacteriales, Erysipelotrichi, and Erysipelotrichales. The rs12654778 was negatively associated with Bacilli, Lactobacillales, Bacteroidaceae, and Bacteroides. rs1042713 was positively associated with Lactobacillales and Bifidobacteriales. The rs1042717 was positively associated with Bifidobacteriales and negatively associated with Veillonellaceae. The rs1042719 was negatively associated with Erysipelotrichi and Erysipelotrichales and positively associated with Erysipelotrichi, Erysipelotrichales, Bifidobacteriales, and Ruminococcaceae in females. The rs1801704 was positively associated with Erysipelotrichi, Erysipelotrichales, Bifidobacteriales, Actinobacteria, Coriobacteriia, and Bifidobacteriales. The rs2053044 was positively associated with Ruminococcaceae, Dialister, Firmicutes, Clostridia, Clostridiales, Bifidobacteriales, and Faecalibacterium and negatively associated with Bacilli, Lactobacillales, Lachnospiraceae, and Porphyromonadaceae (P < 0.05). These results suggested that the relative abundance, diversity, and PICRUSt function predictions of male and female gut microbiomes differ significantly and that ADRB2 gene polymorphisms were associated with gut microbiome abundance in Chinese Han adolescents.

Association between ADRB2 regulatory region polymorphisms and susceptibility to childhood asthma

OBJECTIVES

To study the association of β2-drenergic receptor (ADRB2) regulatory region single nucleotides polymorphism (SNP)/haplotypes at rs11168070, rs17108803, rs2053044, rs12654778, rs11959427, and rs2895795 loci with childhood asthma.

METHODS

A total of 143 children with asthma who attended the hospital from October 2016 to October 2020 were enrolled as the asthma group, among whom 61 children had mild symptoms (mild group) and 82 children had moderate-to-severe symptoms (moderate-to-severe group). A total of 137 healthy children were enrolled as the control group. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected from the two groups. The SNaPshot SNP technique was used to analyze the SNP and haplotypes of the ADRB2 regulatory region at rs11168070, rs17108803, rs2053044, rs12654778, rs11959427, and rs2895795 loci in all children. The asthma group and the control group were compared in terms of the association of ADRB2 regulatory region SNP and haplotypes at the above six loci with susceptibility to asthma and severity of asthma.

RESULTS

Polymorphisms were observed in the ADRB2 regulation region at the above six loci in both the asthma group and the control group, with significant differences between the two groups in the distribution of genotype and allele frequencies at rs2895795 (-1429T /A), rs2053044(-1023G/A), and rs12654778 (-654G/A) loci (P<0.05). Linkage disequilibrium of SNP was observed at the six loci of the ADRB2 regulatory region.The haplotypes of TATGCT, TATGGC, and AGTGCT were associated with susceptibility to childhood asthma, among which TATGCT and TATGGC were risk factors for childhood asthma (OR=1.792 and 1.946 respectively, P<0.05), while AGTGCT was a protective factor (OR=0.523, P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

SNP/haplotype of the ADRB2 regulatory region is associated with the susceptibility to childhood asthma. The haplotypes of TATGCT and TATGGC formed by such SNP/haplotype are risk factors for childhood asthma, while AGTGCT is a protective factor.

Asthma susceptible genes in children: A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

During the last decade, a number of studies have evaluated the potential association between some genetic polymorphisms and childhood asthma risk, however, the results of published studies appear conflicts. The aim of the present study was to investigate association between genetic polymorphisms and pediatric asthma.

METHODS

Relevant studies were searched in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), Wanfang, and Weipu database. Pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to evaluate the strength of the associations.

RESULTS

Fifty five case-control studies were finally included in this meta-analysis, including 17,971 pediatric asthma cases and 17,500 controls. Eighteen polymorphisms were identified, of which, 9 polymorphisms were found to be associated with asthma risk in overall populations: IL-13 +2044G/A, IL-4 -590C/T, ADAM33 F+1, ADAM33 T2, ADAM33 T1, ADAM33 ST+4,ORMDL3 rs7216389, VDR FokI, VDR TaqI. Furthermore, IL-13 +2044G/A, IL-4 -590C/T, ADAM33 T2, ADAM33 T1, VDR BsmI polymorphisms may cause an increased risk of asthma among Chinese children.

CONCLUSIONS

This meta-analysis found that IL-13 +2044G/A, IL-4 -590C/T, ADAM33 F+1, ADAM33 T2, ADAM33 T1, ADAM33 ST+4,ORMDL3 rs7216389, VDR FokI, and VDR TaqI polymorphisms might be risk factors for childhood asthma. Further study with large population and more ethnicities is needed to estimate these associations.

Association of β2-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphisms (rs1042713, rs1042714, rs1042711) with asthma risk: a systematic review and updated meta-analysis

Background

The published data on the association between β2-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphisms and asthma susceptibility are inconclusive. To derive a more precise estimation of this association, a meta-analysis was performed.

Methods

A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Wanfang, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases to identify eligible studies. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to calculate the strength of the association. A sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the influence of individual studies on the overall effect estimates, and funnel plots and Egger’s tests were used for indications of publication bias.

Results

Seventy three studies with three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) (rs1042713, c.G46A, p.Gly16Arg; rs1042714, c.G79C, p.Gln27Glu; rs1042711, c.T-47C, p.Cys19Arg) were finally identified. For the rs1042713 polymorphism, no significant association with asthma risk was found in the overall population. However, a significant protective association was found in the Indian population in the dominant model comparison (OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.59–0.87, I² = 25%, studies = 5, cases = 1190, controls = 1241). A significant risk association was found in the Arab population in the dominant model comparison (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.14–2.70, I² = 0%, studies = 2, cases = 307, controls = 361) and the homozygote model comparison (OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.17–3.02, I² = 0%, studies = 2, cases = 307, controls = 361), and in the Hispanic-Latino population in the dominant model comparison (OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.10–2.55, I² = 77%, studies = 5, cases = 1026, controls = 1412). For the rs1042714 polymorphism, we found a significant association in the recessive model comparison (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.70–0.98, I² = 44%, studies = 52, cases = 8242, controls = 16,832), the homozygote genotype comparison (OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.72–0.98, I² = 25%, studies = 52, cases = 8242, controls = 16,832) and the allelic genetic model (OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.83–0.99, I² = 59%, studies = 52, cases = 8242, controls = 16,832) in the overall population. When stratified by age, a significant association was also found in children in the recessive model comparison (OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.39–0.88, I² = 58%, studies = 18, cases = 2498, controls = 2510) and the homozygote genotype comparison (OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.43–0.92, I² = 46%, studies = 18, cases = 2498, controls = 2510), but not in adult. For the rs1042711 polymorphism, no significant associations were found in the any genetic model.

Conclusion

The meta-analysis suggests that the ADRB2 rs1042714 polymorphism has a protective association with asthma in the overall population and the pediatric subgroup.

The C79G Polymorphism of the β2-Adrenergic Receptor Gene, ADRB2, and Susceptibility to Pediatric Asthma: Meta-Analysis from Review of the Literature

Background

The ADRB2 gene encodes the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR). This study aimed to determine the association between the C79G polymorphism of the ADRB2 gene and its association with pediatric asthma using a meta-analysis of the published data.

Material/Methods

Review of publications up to May 2018 was from the PubMed, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and WanFang databases. The odds ratio (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used in evaluating the strength of the reported association between the C79G polymorphism of the ADRB2 gene and pediatric asthma.

Results

There were 18 controlled studies that included 2,982 pediatric cases of asthma and 2,651 controls. Expression of the C79G polymorphism of the ADRB2 gene was significantly associated with risk of pediatric asthma associated with the C or G allele with comparison of the co-dominant model (GG vs. CC: OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.55–0.88) and the recessive model (GG vs. CC+CG: OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.53–0.81). Subgroup analysis by ethnicity showed a significantly reduced risk of pediatric asthma in Asian patients for comparison of the co-dominant model (GG vs. CC: OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.45–0.78), the recessive model (GG vs. CC+CG: OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.45–0.76), and the allelic model (G vs. C: OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.79–0.99).

Conclusions

The C79G polymorphism of the ADRB2 gene encoding β2-AR was associated with a reduced risk for the development of pediatric asthma, particularly in the Asian population.

Changes in circulating microRNA-126 levels are associated with immune imbalance in children with acute asthma

Regulation of the immune response in asthma is complex. MicroRNA-126 (miR-126) expression has been implicated in this response, so we sought to determine the clinical significance of miR-126 measured in the peripheral blood. A total of 80 children with acute asthma were selected to participate in the study and were compared to 80 healthy children. The relative circulating miR-126 levels, interleukin (IL)-4 levels, and the Th17 cell percentage in the peripheral blood of children in the case group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while the interferon (IFN)-γ levels and the CD4⁺CD25⁺Treg cell percentage were significantly lower than those in the control group. Along with the aggravation of the disease, the relative levels of miR-126 and IL-4 and the percentage of Th17 cells increased gradually, while the IFN-γ levels and the CD4⁺CD25⁺Treg cell percentage decreased. The relative level of miR-126 in the peripheral blood of children with asthma was positively correlated with IL-4 and the Th17 cell percentage and was negatively correlated with IFN-γ levels, CD4⁺CD25⁺Treg cell percentage and lung function indicators. The relative level of miR-126 was correlated with the Th17 cell percentage in the peripheral blood, forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory flow (FEF)_75% of the children with asthma. The relative levels of miR-126 and IL-4 and the Th17 cell percentage were positively correlated with the severity of the asthma, while IFN-γ levels and the CD4⁺CD25⁺Treg cell percentage were negatively correlated with the severity of the asthma. CD4⁺CD25⁺Treg cell percentage and relative miR-126 levels were of the most predictive value in the diagnosis of asthma. Our findings show that the overexpression of miR-126 in acute asthma is correlated with signs of immune imbalance and is predictive of the severity of the disease, suggesting that it could be used as a potential serological marker for asthma diagnosis and evaluation.

Association Between ADRB2 Genetic Polymorphisms and the Risk of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Case-Control Study in a Chinese Population

OBJECTIVE

This study was designed to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the β2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) gene and the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a Chinese population.

METHODS

From January 2010 to October 2014, 261 COPD patients were selected as the case group and 239 healthy subjects were selected as the control group. Pulmonary function tests were performed to detect forced vital capacity (FVC), 1-s forced expiratory volume (FEV₁), and FEV₁/FVC (%). rs1042711, rs1042714, and rs1042718 were selected as tagSNPs of the ADRB2 gene from the HapMap database in accordance with previous studies. The ADRB2 genotypes were established by real-time polymerase chain reaction assays using TaqMan-labeled probes. The relationships between the ADRB2 polymorphisms and COPD risk were estimated using logistic regression analyses.

RESULTS

The frequency of the genotypes and alleles of rs1042711 in ADRB2 showed a significant difference between the COPD and control groups (p < 0.05); compared with the CC genotype, the non-CC genotypes showed an increased COPD risk (p = 0.002). Compared with the CC haplotype, the TG haplotype increased COPD risk, while the CG haplotype reduced COPD risk for normal individuals. Compared with the CC genotype, the TT genotype showed significantly lower FEV₁ and FEV₁/FVC (p = 0.022, p = 0.0191, respectively). Both the TC and TG haplotypes showed lower FEV₁ and FEV₁/FVC in comparison with the CC haplotype (both p < 0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that rs1042711 of ADRB2 and smoking history were associated with COPD risk (both p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

It is indicated that the TT genotype of rs1042711 and smoking pack years are both risk factors for COPD.