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Mane PT, Wakure BS, Wakte PS. Incorporation of exemestane into ternary nanosponge system for enhanced anti-tumor potential in breast cancer. Pharm Dev Technol 2023; 28:1000-1015. [PMID: 37961995 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2023.2282649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation reports the potential of exemestane loaded cyclodextrin based nanosponges for the treatment of breast cancer. Fourier transform infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analysis confirmed the encapsulation of ring B, C, and D of exemestane in the nanosponge cavity. In vitro studies demonstrated a 6.58-folds increase in the aqueous solubility and a 1.76-folds increase in the dissolution of exemestane in the optimized nanosponge formulation EF2. It also exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cell line. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed a 1.37-fold increase in Cmax and a 2.10-fold increase in oral bioavailability of EF2, as compared to its marketed product Aromasin®. Concomitantly, this nano-formulation reduced the tumor burden to 45.71% in a DMBA-induced breast cancer rat model. This EF2-treatment also improved the hematological parameters of the animals. Histopathology of breast tissue also presented reduction in characteristic cytoarchitectural features of breast tumor. In vivo toxicity studies demonstrated reduced hepatotoxicity of the nanosponge formulation when compared with Aromasin®. These results were further supported by histological studies of excised liver tissues, where the size of hepatocytes in EF2-treated animals was like the normal hepatocyte size. In conclusion, the encapsulation of exemestane in β-cyclodextrin nanosponge along-with HPMC E5 improved its aqueous solubility, bioavailability, and ultimately therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Tanaji Mane
- University Department of Chemical Technology, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Balaji Sopanrao Wakure
- Vilasrao Deshmukh Foundation group of institutions, VDF School of Pharmacy, New MIDC, Latur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pravin Shridhar Wakte
- University Department of Chemical Technology, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
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Mačianskienė R, Zigmantaitė V, Andriulė I, Pangonytė D, Sadauskienė I, Arandarčikaitė O, Stankevičius A, Grigas J, Pautienius A, Treinys R, Navalinskas A, Grigalevičiūtė R, Kučinskas A, Pudžiuvelytė L, Bernatonienė J, Jurevičius J. Acute and Sub-Chronic Intraperitoneal Toxicity Studies of the Elsholtzia ciliata Herbal Extract in Balb/c Mice. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2417. [PMID: 37896177 PMCID: PMC10610345 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Elsholtzia ciliata essential oil (E. ciliata) has been reported to have an impact on the cardiovascular system. However, its toxicity remains unknown. Therefore, the objective of this investigation was to evaluate the toxicological aspects of the E. ciliata extract. Male Balb/c mice were subjected to either acute (a single dose administered for 24 h) or sub-chronic (daily dose for 60 days) intraperitoneal injections of the E. ciliata extract. The mice were assessed for blood hematological/biochemical profiles, mitochondrial functions, and histopathological changes. Additionally, in vitro cytotoxicity assessments of the E. ciliata extract were performed on immobilized primate kidney cells (MARC-145, Vero) and rat liver cells (WBF344) to evaluate cell viability. The control groups received an equivalent volume of olive oil or saline. Our results demonstrated no significant detrimental effects on hematological and biochemical parameters, mitochondrial functions, cellular cytotoxicity, or pathological alterations in vital organs following the intraperitoneal administration of the E. ciliata extract over the 60-day sub-chronic toxicity study. In general, E. ciliata displayed no indications of toxicity, suggesting that the E. ciliata extract is a safe natural product with a well-defined therapeutic and protective index (found to be 90 and 54, respectively) in Balb/c mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Mačianskienė
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.Z.); (I.A.); (D.P.); (R.T.); (A.N.); (J.J.)
| | - Vilma Zigmantaitė
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.Z.); (I.A.); (D.P.); (R.T.); (A.N.); (J.J.)
| | - Inga Andriulė
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.Z.); (I.A.); (D.P.); (R.T.); (A.N.); (J.J.)
| | - Dalia Pangonytė
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.Z.); (I.A.); (D.P.); (R.T.); (A.N.); (J.J.)
| | - Ilona Sadauskienė
- Institute of Neuroscience, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (I.S.); (O.A.)
| | - Odeta Arandarčikaitė
- Institute of Neuroscience, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (I.S.); (O.A.)
| | - Arūnas Stankevičius
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.S.); (J.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Juozas Grigas
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.S.); (J.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Arnoldas Pautienius
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.S.); (J.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Rimantas Treinys
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.Z.); (I.A.); (D.P.); (R.T.); (A.N.); (J.J.)
| | - Antanas Navalinskas
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.Z.); (I.A.); (D.P.); (R.T.); (A.N.); (J.J.)
| | - Ramunė Grigalevičiūtė
- Biological Research Center, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (R.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Audrius Kučinskas
- Biological Research Center, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (R.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Lauryna Pudžiuvelytė
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.P.); (J.B.)
- Department of Drug Technology and Social Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jurga Bernatonienė
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.P.); (J.B.)
- Department of Drug Technology and Social Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jonas Jurevičius
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.Z.); (I.A.); (D.P.); (R.T.); (A.N.); (J.J.)
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Li S, Li C, Chen L, Yang H, Ren X, Xu C, Wu B, Wang C, Ling Y, Shen Y, Lu H, Liu W, Zhou X. Comparative transcriptome analyses of immune responses to LPS in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the giant panda, human, mouse, and monkey. Front Genet 2023; 13:1053655. [PMID: 36685921 PMCID: PMC9852843 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1053655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria are major pathogens that can cause illnesses in giant pandas. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), components of Gram-negative bacteria, can activate immune responses in mammals (i.e., humans and mice) through recognition by toll-like receptors (TLRs). However, the giant pandas' immune response to LPS stimulation and the differences between the giant panda and other mammals are not fully known. In this study, we administrated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from giant pandas, humans, C57BL/6 mice, and rhesus monkeys by LPS treatment at 6 h followed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), respectively, with control of non-stimulation. KEGG analyses of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) pathways indicated that LPS could activate the classic signaling pathway of NF-κB in PBMCs from those four tested species. Thus, similar to the other three species, NF-κB is an LPS-responsive regulator of innate immune responses in giant pandas. Furthermore, the expression patterns of adapter genes, inflammatory cytokine genes, chemokines, interferon genes, cytokine genes related to cell growth and development, costimulatory molecules, Th1/Th2 cytokine genes, Th17 cytokine genes, Th9, and Th22 cytokine genes were compared among giant pandas and three other species. Our data indicated that in addition to the similar expression patterns of certain genes among giant pandas and other species, the unique expression pattern response to LPS in giant pandas was also discovered. Furthermore, Th9, Th17, and Th22 cells might be involved in the response to LPS in giant pandas at this tested time point. This study reveals that LPS-induced immune responses have different sensitivities and response timelines in giant pandas compared with other mammals. This study facilitates further understanding of the role of the TLR signaling pathway and the immune system in giant pandas, which might be helpful for disease prevention and protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Li
- Department of Animal Model, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Caiwu Li
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park, China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, China
| | - Lixiang Chen
- Department of Animal Model, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Animal Model, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaonan Ren
- Department of Animal Model, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhua Xu
- Department of Animal Model, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Animal Model, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Animal Model, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Ling
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinzhong Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for infectious disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park, China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Department of Animal Model, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Dubey VK, Madan S, Rajput SK, Singh AT, Jaggi M, Mittal AK. Single and repeated dose (28 days) intravenous toxicity assessment of bartogenic acid (an active pentacyclic triterpenoid) isolated from Barringtonia racemosa (L.) fruits in mice. Curr Res Toxicol 2021; 3:100057. [PMID: 36504921 PMCID: PMC9731886 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartogenic acid (BA), an active pentacyclic triterpenoid, has been reported for anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, anti-cancer, and anti-tumor activity. However, toxicity profiling of BA has not been reported till date. Hence, this study is designed to evaluate the single dose (12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) and repeated dose (1.5, 6, and 24 mg/kg) intravenous toxicity of BA in BALB/c mice. Control group received vehicle. In single dose toxicity study, two mortalities were observed at 100 mg/kg of BA whereas lower doses were well tolerated. In repeated dose toxicity study, no mortality was observed. 1.5 mg/kg of BA was well tolerated in mice of both sexes. At 6 mg/kg of BA, female mice showed significant reduction in the body weight as compared to the control group however no significant change was observed in male mice. 24 mg/kg of BA showed significant reduction in the body weight in mice of both sexes. Further, these mice showed significant change in the relative organ weight. However, no toxicologically relevant changes were observed in hematology, biochemistry, and histopathology. Based on the findings, No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level (NOAEL) for BA were found to be<24 mg/kg for male mice and<6 mg/kg for female mice.
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Key Words
- AAALAC, Association For Assessment And Accreditation Of Laboratory Animal Care
- ALP, Alkaline Phosphatase
- ALT, Alanine Aminotransferase
- AST, Aspartate Aminotransferase
- Acute
- BA, Bartogenic Acid
- BUN, Blood Urea Nitrogen
- Barringtonia racemosa
- Bartogenic acid
- FDA, Food And Drug Administration
- GLP, Good Laboratory Practice
- H&E, Hematoxylin–Eosin
- HCT, Hematocrit
- LC/MS, Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
- MCH, Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin
- MCHC, Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration
- MCV, Mean Corpuscular Volume
- Mice
- NMR, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
- NOAEL
- NOAEL, No Observed Adverse Effect Level
- OA, Oleanolic Acid
- OECD, Organization For Economic Co-Operation And Development
- RBC, Red Blood Cells Count
- RDW-CV, Red Cell Distribution Width - Coefficient Of Variation
- SEM, Standard Error Of The Mean
- TLC, Total Leukocyte Count
- Toxicity
- UA, Ursolic Acid
- UHPLC, Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography
- VLDL, Very Low Density Lipoprotein
- b.wt., Body Weight
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kumar Dubey
- Dabur Research Foundation, 22, Site IV, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad 201010, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Corresponding author at: Dabur Research Foundation, 22, Site IV, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad 201010, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Swati Madan
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Satyendra K. Rajput
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Jagjeetpur, Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anu T Singh
- Dabur Research Foundation, 22, Site IV, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad 201010, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manu Jaggi
- Dabur Research Foundation, 22, Site IV, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad 201010, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Kumar Mittal
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 322230 India
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Adayev T, LaFauci G, Xu W, Dobkin C, Kascsak R, Brown WT, Goodman JH. Development of a Quantitative FMRP Assay for Mouse Tissue Applications. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101516. [PMID: 34680911 PMCID: PMC8535242 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome results from the absence of the FMR1 gene product—Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP). Fragile X animal research has lacked a reliable method to quantify FMRP. We report the development of an array of FMRP-specific monoclonal antibodies and their application for quantitative assessment of FMRP (qFMRPm) in mouse tissue. To characterize the assay, we determined the normal variability of FMRP expression in four brain structures of six different mouse strains at seven weeks of age. There was a hierarchy of FMRP expression: neocortex > hippocampus > cerebellum > brainstem. The expression of FMRP was highest and least variable in the neocortex, whereas it was most variable in the hippocampus. Male C57Bl/6J and FVB mice were selected to determine FMRP developmental differences in the brain at 3, 7, 10, and 14 weeks of age. We examined the four structures and found a developmental decline in FMRP expression with age, except for the brainstem where it remained stable. qFMRPm assay of blood had highest values in 3 week old animals and dropped by 2.5-fold with age. Sex differences were not significant. The results establish qFMRPm as a valuable tool due to its ease of methodology, cost effectiveness, and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Adayev
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, New York, NY 10314, USA; (G.L.); (W.X.); (C.D.); (R.K.); (W.T.B.); (J.H.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-718-494-5314
| | - Giuseppe LaFauci
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, New York, NY 10314, USA; (G.L.); (W.X.); (C.D.); (R.K.); (W.T.B.); (J.H.G.)
| | - Weimin Xu
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, New York, NY 10314, USA; (G.L.); (W.X.); (C.D.); (R.K.); (W.T.B.); (J.H.G.)
| | - Carl Dobkin
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, New York, NY 10314, USA; (G.L.); (W.X.); (C.D.); (R.K.); (W.T.B.); (J.H.G.)
| | - Richard Kascsak
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, New York, NY 10314, USA; (G.L.); (W.X.); (C.D.); (R.K.); (W.T.B.); (J.H.G.)
| | - W. Ted Brown
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, New York, NY 10314, USA; (G.L.); (W.X.); (C.D.); (R.K.); (W.T.B.); (J.H.G.)
- Perkins Center, University of Sydney Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jeffrey H. Goodman
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, New York, NY 10314, USA; (G.L.); (W.X.); (C.D.); (R.K.); (W.T.B.); (J.H.G.)
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Askari P, Namaei MH, Ghazvini K, Hosseini M. In vitro and in vivo toxicity and antibacterial efficacy of melittin against clinical extensively drug-resistant bacteria. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 22:42. [PMID: 34261542 PMCID: PMC8281584 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-021-00503-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melittin is one of the most studied antimicrobial peptides, and several in vitro experiments have demonstrated its antibacterial efficacy. However, there is evidence showing melittin has non-promising effects such as cytotoxicity and hemolysis. Therefore, concerns about unwanted collateral toxicity of melittin lie ahead in the path toward its clinical development. With these considerations, the present study aimed to fill the gap between in vitro and in vivo studies. METHODS In the first step, in vitro toxicity profile of melittin was assessed using cytotoxicity and hemolysis tests. Next, a maximum intraperitoneal (i.p.) sub-lethal dose was determined using BALB/c mice. Besides toxicity, antimicrobial efficacy of melittin against extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Acinetobacter baumannii, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumonia (KPC-KP) pathogens were tested using both in vitro and in vivo methods. RESULTS Melittin showed extensive hemolysis (HD50 = 0.44 µg/mL), and cytotoxicity (IC50 = 6.45 µg/mL) activities with i.p. LD50 value of 4.98 mg/kg in BALB/c mice. In vitro antimicrobial evaluation showed melittin MIC range from 8 to 32 µg/mL for the studied pathogens. Treatment of infected mice with repeated sub-lethal doses of melittin (2.4 mg/kg) displayed no beneficial effect on their survival and peritoneal bacterial loads. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that melittin at its safe dose could not exhibit antimicrobial activity, which hinders its application in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Askari
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Namaei
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kiarash Ghazvini
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mehran Hosseini
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
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