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Singer W, Dietz AB, Zeller AD, Gehrking TL, Schmelzer JD, Schmeichel AM, Gehrking JA, Suarez MD, Sletten DM, Minota Pacheco KV, Coon EA, Sandroni P, Benarroch EE, Fealey RD, Matsumoto JY, Bower JH, Hassan A, McKeon A, Windebank AJ, Mandrekar JN, Low PA. Intrathecal administration of autologous mesenchymal stem cells in multiple system atrophy. Neurology 2019; 93:e77-e87. [PMID: 31152011 PMCID: PMC6659003 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000007720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This phase I/II study sought to explore intrathecal administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as therapeutic approach to multiple system atrophy (MSA). METHODS Utilizing a dose-escalation design, we delivered between 10 and 200 million adipose-derived autologous MSCs intrathecally to patients with early MSA. Patients were closely followed with clinical, laboratory, and imaging surveillance. Primary endpoints were frequency and type of adverse events; key secondary endpoint was the rate of disease progression assessed by the Unified MSA Rating Scale (UMSARS). RESULTS Twenty-four patients received treatment. There were no attributable serious adverse events, and injections were generally well-tolerated. At the highest dose tier, 3 of 4 patients developed low back/posterior leg pain, associated with thickening/enhancement of lumbar nerve roots. Although there were no associated neurologic deficits, we decided that dose-limiting toxicity was reached. A total of 6 of 12 patients in the medium dose tier developed similar, but milder and transient discomfort. Rate of progression (UMSARS total) was markedly lower compared to a matched historical control group (0.40 ± 0.59 vs 1.44 ± 1.42 points/month, p = 0.004) with an apparent dose-dependent effect. CONCLUSIONS Intrathecal MSC administration in MSA is safe and well-tolerated but can be associated with a painful implantation response at high doses. Compelling dose-dependent efficacy signals are the basis for a planned placebo-controlled trial. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This phase I/II study provides Class IV evidence that for patients with early MSA, intrathecal MSC administration is safe, may result in a painful implantation response at high doses, and is associated with dose-dependent efficacy signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Singer
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S., A.D.Z., T.L.G., J.D.S., A.M.S., J.A.G., M.D.S., D.M.S., K.V.M.P., E.A.C., P.S., E.E.B., R.D.F., J.Y.M., J.H.B., A.H., A.M., A.J.W., P.A.L.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.D.), and Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (J.N.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
| | - Allan B Dietz
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S., A.D.Z., T.L.G., J.D.S., A.M.S., J.A.G., M.D.S., D.M.S., K.V.M.P., E.A.C., P.S., E.E.B., R.D.F., J.Y.M., J.H.B., A.H., A.M., A.J.W., P.A.L.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.D.), and Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (J.N.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Anita D Zeller
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S., A.D.Z., T.L.G., J.D.S., A.M.S., J.A.G., M.D.S., D.M.S., K.V.M.P., E.A.C., P.S., E.E.B., R.D.F., J.Y.M., J.H.B., A.H., A.M., A.J.W., P.A.L.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.D.), and Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (J.N.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Tonette L Gehrking
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S., A.D.Z., T.L.G., J.D.S., A.M.S., J.A.G., M.D.S., D.M.S., K.V.M.P., E.A.C., P.S., E.E.B., R.D.F., J.Y.M., J.H.B., A.H., A.M., A.J.W., P.A.L.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.D.), and Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (J.N.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - James D Schmelzer
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S., A.D.Z., T.L.G., J.D.S., A.M.S., J.A.G., M.D.S., D.M.S., K.V.M.P., E.A.C., P.S., E.E.B., R.D.F., J.Y.M., J.H.B., A.H., A.M., A.J.W., P.A.L.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.D.), and Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (J.N.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Ann M Schmeichel
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S., A.D.Z., T.L.G., J.D.S., A.M.S., J.A.G., M.D.S., D.M.S., K.V.M.P., E.A.C., P.S., E.E.B., R.D.F., J.Y.M., J.H.B., A.H., A.M., A.J.W., P.A.L.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.D.), and Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (J.N.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Jade A Gehrking
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S., A.D.Z., T.L.G., J.D.S., A.M.S., J.A.G., M.D.S., D.M.S., K.V.M.P., E.A.C., P.S., E.E.B., R.D.F., J.Y.M., J.H.B., A.H., A.M., A.J.W., P.A.L.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.D.), and Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (J.N.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Mariana D Suarez
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S., A.D.Z., T.L.G., J.D.S., A.M.S., J.A.G., M.D.S., D.M.S., K.V.M.P., E.A.C., P.S., E.E.B., R.D.F., J.Y.M., J.H.B., A.H., A.M., A.J.W., P.A.L.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.D.), and Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (J.N.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - David M Sletten
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S., A.D.Z., T.L.G., J.D.S., A.M.S., J.A.G., M.D.S., D.M.S., K.V.M.P., E.A.C., P.S., E.E.B., R.D.F., J.Y.M., J.H.B., A.H., A.M., A.J.W., P.A.L.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.D.), and Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (J.N.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Karla V Minota Pacheco
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S., A.D.Z., T.L.G., J.D.S., A.M.S., J.A.G., M.D.S., D.M.S., K.V.M.P., E.A.C., P.S., E.E.B., R.D.F., J.Y.M., J.H.B., A.H., A.M., A.J.W., P.A.L.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.D.), and Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (J.N.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Elizabeth A Coon
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S., A.D.Z., T.L.G., J.D.S., A.M.S., J.A.G., M.D.S., D.M.S., K.V.M.P., E.A.C., P.S., E.E.B., R.D.F., J.Y.M., J.H.B., A.H., A.M., A.J.W., P.A.L.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.D.), and Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (J.N.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Paola Sandroni
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S., A.D.Z., T.L.G., J.D.S., A.M.S., J.A.G., M.D.S., D.M.S., K.V.M.P., E.A.C., P.S., E.E.B., R.D.F., J.Y.M., J.H.B., A.H., A.M., A.J.W., P.A.L.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.D.), and Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (J.N.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Eduardo E Benarroch
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S., A.D.Z., T.L.G., J.D.S., A.M.S., J.A.G., M.D.S., D.M.S., K.V.M.P., E.A.C., P.S., E.E.B., R.D.F., J.Y.M., J.H.B., A.H., A.M., A.J.W., P.A.L.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.D.), and Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (J.N.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Robert D Fealey
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S., A.D.Z., T.L.G., J.D.S., A.M.S., J.A.G., M.D.S., D.M.S., K.V.M.P., E.A.C., P.S., E.E.B., R.D.F., J.Y.M., J.H.B., A.H., A.M., A.J.W., P.A.L.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.D.), and Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (J.N.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Joseph Y Matsumoto
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S., A.D.Z., T.L.G., J.D.S., A.M.S., J.A.G., M.D.S., D.M.S., K.V.M.P., E.A.C., P.S., E.E.B., R.D.F., J.Y.M., J.H.B., A.H., A.M., A.J.W., P.A.L.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.D.), and Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (J.N.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - James H Bower
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S., A.D.Z., T.L.G., J.D.S., A.M.S., J.A.G., M.D.S., D.M.S., K.V.M.P., E.A.C., P.S., E.E.B., R.D.F., J.Y.M., J.H.B., A.H., A.M., A.J.W., P.A.L.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.D.), and Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (J.N.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Anhar Hassan
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S., A.D.Z., T.L.G., J.D.S., A.M.S., J.A.G., M.D.S., D.M.S., K.V.M.P., E.A.C., P.S., E.E.B., R.D.F., J.Y.M., J.H.B., A.H., A.M., A.J.W., P.A.L.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.D.), and Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (J.N.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Andrew McKeon
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S., A.D.Z., T.L.G., J.D.S., A.M.S., J.A.G., M.D.S., D.M.S., K.V.M.P., E.A.C., P.S., E.E.B., R.D.F., J.Y.M., J.H.B., A.H., A.M., A.J.W., P.A.L.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.D.), and Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (J.N.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Anthony J Windebank
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S., A.D.Z., T.L.G., J.D.S., A.M.S., J.A.G., M.D.S., D.M.S., K.V.M.P., E.A.C., P.S., E.E.B., R.D.F., J.Y.M., J.H.B., A.H., A.M., A.J.W., P.A.L.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.D.), and Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (J.N.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Jay N Mandrekar
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S., A.D.Z., T.L.G., J.D.S., A.M.S., J.A.G., M.D.S., D.M.S., K.V.M.P., E.A.C., P.S., E.E.B., R.D.F., J.Y.M., J.H.B., A.H., A.M., A.J.W., P.A.L.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.D.), and Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (J.N.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Phillip A Low
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S., A.D.Z., T.L.G., J.D.S., A.M.S., J.A.G., M.D.S., D.M.S., K.V.M.P., E.A.C., P.S., E.E.B., R.D.F., J.Y.M., J.H.B., A.H., A.M., A.J.W., P.A.L.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.D.), and Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (J.N.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Low PA, Robertson D, Gilman S, Kaufmann H, Singer W, Biaggioni I, Freeman R, Perlman S, Hauser RA, Cheshire W, Lessig S, Vernino S, Mandrekar J, Dupont WD, Chelimsky T, Galpern WR. Efficacy and safety of rifampicin for multiple system atrophy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 2014; 13:268-75. [PMID: 24507091 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(13)70301-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No available treatments slow or halt progression of multiple system atrophy, which is a rare, progressive, fatal neurological disorder. In a mouse model of multiple system atrophy, rifampicin inhibited formation of α-synuclein fibrils, the neuropathological hallmark of the disease. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of rifampicin in patients with multiple system atrophy. METHODS In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial we recruited participants aged 30-80 years with possible or probable multiple system atrophy from ten US medical centres. Eligible participants were randomly assigned (1:1) via computer-generated permuted block randomisation to rifampicin 300 mg twice daily or matching placebo (50 mg riboflavin capsules), stratified by subtype (parkinsonian vs cerebellar), with a block size of four. The primary outcome was rate of change (slope analysis) from baseline to 12 months in Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale (UMSARS) I score, analysed in all participants with at least one post-baseline measurement. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01287221. FINDINGS Between April 22, 2011, and April 19, 2012, we randomly assigned 100 participants (50 to rifampicin and 50 to placebo). Four participants in the rifampicin group and five in the placebo group withdrew from study prematurely. Results of the preplanned interim analysis (n=15 in each group) of the primary endpoint showed that futility criteria had been met, and the trial was stopped (the mean rate of change [slope analysis] of UMSARS I score was 0.62 points [SD 0.85] per month in the rifampicin group vs 0.47 points [0.48] per month in the placebo group; futility p=0.032; efficacy p=0.76). At the time of study termination, 49 participants in the rifampicin group and 50 in the placebo group had follow-up data and were included in the final analysis. The primary endpoint was 0.5 points (SD 0.7) per month for rifampicin and 0.5 points (0.5) per month for placebo (difference 0.0, 95% CI -0.24 to 0.24; p=0.82). Three (6%) of 50 participants in the rifampicin group and 12 (24%) of 50 in the placebo group had one or more serious adverse events; none was thought to be related to treatment. INTERPRETATION Our results show that rifampicin does not slow or halt progression of multiple system atrophy. Despite the negative result, the trial does provide information that could be useful in the design of future studies assessing potential disease modifying therapies in patients with multiple system atrophy. FUNDING National Institutes of Health, Mayo Clinic Center for Translational Science Activities, and Mayo Funds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sid Gilman
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Roy Freeman
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan Perlman
- University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Steven Vernino
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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