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Zhang YZ, Huo DY, Liu Z, Li XD, Wang Z, Li W. Review on ginseng and its potential active substance G-Rg2 against age-related diseases: Traditional efficacy and mechanism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 337:118781. [PMID: 39260708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE According to the Shen Nong Herbal Classic, Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) is documented to possess life-prolonging effects and is extensively utilized in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of various ailments such as qi deficiency, temper deficiency, insomnia, and forgetfulness. Ginseng is commonly employed for replenishing qi and nourishing blood, fortifying the body and augmenting immunity; it has demonstrated efficacy in alleviating fatigue, enhancing memory, and retarding aging. Furthermore, it exhibits a notable ameliorative impact on age-related conditions including cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. One of its active constituents - ginsenoside Rg2 (G-Rg2) - exhibits potential therapeutic efficacy in addressing these ailments. AIM OF THE REVIEW The aim of this review is to explore the traditional efficacy of ginseng in anti-aging diseases and the modern pharmacological mechanism of its potential active substance G-Rg2, in order to provide strong theoretical support for further elucidating the mechanism of its anti-aging effect. METHODS This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the traditional efficacy of ginseng and the potential mechanisms underlying the anti-age-related disease properties of G-Rg2, based on an extensive literature review up to March 12, 2024, from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases. Potential anti-aging mechanisms of G-Rg2 were predicted using network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis techniques. RESULTS In traditional Chinese medicine theory, ginseng has been shown to improve aging-related diseases with a variety of effects, including tonifying qi, strengthening the spleen and stomach, nourishing yin, regulating yin and yang, as well as calming the mind. Its potential active ingredient G-Rg2 has demonstrated significant therapeutic potential in age-related diseases, especially central nervous system and cardiovascular diseases. G-Rg2 exhibited a variety of pharmacological activities, including anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Meanwhile, the network pharmacological analyses and molecular docking results were consistent with the existing literature review, further validating the potential efficacy of G-Rg2 as an anti-aging agent. CONCLUSION The review firstly explores the ameliorative effects of ginseng on a wide range of age-related diseases based on TCM theories. Secondly, the article focuses on the remarkable significance and value demonstrated by G-Rg2 in age-related cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Consequently, G-Rg2 has broad prospects for development in intervening in aging and treating age-related health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zhuo Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for the Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - De-Yang Huo
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for the Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for the Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xin-Dian Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for the Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zi Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for the Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for the Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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2
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Riquin K, Isidor B, Mercier S, Nizon M, Colin E, Bonneau D, Pasquier L, Odent S, Le Guillou Horn XM, Le Guyader G, Toutain A, Meyer V, Deleuze JF, Pichon O, Doco-Fenzy M, Bézieau S, Cogné B. Integrating RNA-Seq into genome sequencing workflow enhances the analysis of structural variants causing neurodevelopmental disorders. J Med Genet 2023; 61:47-56. [PMID: 37495270 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2023-109263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) is mainly based on exome sequencing (ES), with a diagnostic yield of 31% for isolated and 53% for syndromic NDD. As sequencing costs decrease, genome sequencing (GS) is gradually replacing ES for genome-wide molecular testing. As many variants detected by GS only are in deep intronic or non-coding regions, the interpretation of their impact may be difficult. Here, we showed that integrating RNA-Seq into the GS workflow can enhance the analysis of the molecular causes of NDD, especially structural variants (SVs), by providing valuable complementary information such as aberrant splicing, aberrant expression and monoallelic expression. METHODS We performed trio-GS on a cohort of 33 individuals with NDD for whom ES was inconclusive. RNA-Seq on skin fibroblasts was then performed in nine individuals for whom GS was inconclusive and optical genome mapping (OGM) was performed in two individuals with an SV of unknown significance. RESULTS We identified pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in 16 individuals (48%) and six variants of uncertain significance. RNA-Seq contributed to the interpretation in three individuals, and OGM helped to characterise two SVs. CONCLUSION Our study confirmed that GS significantly improves the diagnostic performance of NDDs. However, most variants detectable by GS alone are structural or located in non-coding regions, which can pose challenges for interpretation. Integration of RNA-Seq data overcame this limitation by confirming the impact of variants at the transcriptional or regulatory level. This result paves the way for new routinely applicable diagnostic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Riquin
- l'institut du thorax, Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, Nantes, France
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- l'institut du thorax, Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, Nantes, France
- Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Sandra Mercier
- l'institut du thorax, Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, Nantes, France
- Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Mathilde Nizon
- l'institut du thorax, Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, Nantes, France
- Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Estelle Colin
- CHU Angers, Service de Génétique médicale, Angers, France
- UMR CNRS 6214-INSERM 1083, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Dominique Bonneau
- CHU Angers, Service de Génétique médicale, Angers, France
- UMR CNRS 6214-INSERM 1083, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | | | - Sylvie Odent
- Service de Génétique Clinique, ERN ITHACA, Rennes, France
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, IGDR UMR 6290 CNRS, INSERM, IGDR Univ Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Xavier Maximin Le Guillou Horn
- Service de génétique médicale, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- LabCom I3M-Dactim mis/LMA CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Annick Toutain
- UF de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Tours, France
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, INSERM, Tours, France
| | - Vincent Meyer
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Evry, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Evry, France
| | - Olivier Pichon
- Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Martine Doco-Fenzy
- l'institut du thorax, Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, Nantes, France
- Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Stéphane Bézieau
- l'institut du thorax, Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, Nantes, France
- Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Benjamin Cogné
- l'institut du thorax, Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, Nantes, France
- Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
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Sampson T. Microbial amyloids in neurodegenerative amyloid diseases. FEBS J 2023:10.1111/febs.17023. [PMID: 38041542 PMCID: PMC11144261 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Human-disease associated amyloidogenic proteins are not unique in their ability to form amyloid fibrillar structures. Numerous microbes produce amyloidogenic proteins that have distinct functions for their physiology in their amyloid form, rather than solely detrimental. Emerging data indicate associations between various microbial organisms, including those which produce functional amyloids, with neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review some of the evidence suggesting that microbial amyloids impact amyloid disease in host organisms. Experimental data are building a foundation for continued lines of enquiry and suggest that that direct or indirect interactions between microbial and host amyloids may be a contributor to amyloid pathologies. Inhibiting microbial amyloids or their interactions with the host may therefore represent a tangible target to limit various amyloid pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Sampson
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
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Dunot J, Ribera A, Pousinha PA, Marie H. Spatiotemporal insights of APP function. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 82:102754. [PMID: 37542943 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
The amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) is a ubiquitous protein with a strong genetic link to Alzheimer's disease. Although the protein was identified more than forty years ago, its physiological function is still unclear. In recent years, advances in technology have allowed researchers to tackle APP functions in greater depth. In this review, we discuss the latest research pertaining to APP functions from development to aging. We also address the different roles that APP could play in specific types of cells of the central and peripheral nervous system and in other organs of the body. We argue that, until we fully identify the functions of APP in space and time, we will be missing important pieces of the puzzle to solve its pathological implication in Alzheimer's disease and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Dunot
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7275, 06560, Valbonne, France. https://twitter.com/DunotJade
| | - Aurore Ribera
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7275, 06560, Valbonne, France. https://twitter.com/aurore_et_al_
| | - Paula A Pousinha
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7275, 06560, Valbonne, France.
| | - Hélène Marie
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7275, 06560, Valbonne, France.
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5
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Sokol DK, Lahiri DK. Neurodevelopmental disorders and microcephaly: how apoptosis, the cell cycle, tau and amyloid-β precursor protein APPly. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1201723. [PMID: 37808474 PMCID: PMC10556256 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1201723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies promote new interest in the intersectionality between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Alzheimer's Disease. We have reported high levels of Amyloid-β Precursor Protein (APP) and secreted APP-alpha (sAPPa ) and low levels of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides 1-40 and 1-42 (Aβ40, Aβ42) in plasma and brain tissue from children with ASD. A higher incidence of microcephaly (head circumference less than the 3rd percentile) associates with ASD compared to head size in individuals with typical development. The role of Aβ peptides as contributors to acquired microcephaly in ASD is proposed. Aβ may lead to microcephaly via disruption of neurogenesis, elongation of the G1/S cell cycle, and arrested cell cycle promoting apoptosis. As the APP gene exists on Chromosome 21, excess Aβ peptides occur in Trisomy 21-T21 (Down's Syndrome). Microcephaly and some forms of ASD associate with T21, and therefore potential mechanisms underlying these associations will be examined in this review. Aβ peptides' role in other neurodevelopmental disorders that feature ASD and acquired microcephaly are reviewed, including dup 15q11.2-q13, Angelman and Rett syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah K. Sokol
- Section of Pediatrics, Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Debomoy K. Lahiri
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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6
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Peralta Cuasolo YM, Dupraz S, Unsain N, Bisbal M, Quassollo G, Galiano MR, Grassi D, Quiroga S, Sosa LJ. The GTPase Rab21 is required for neuronal development and migration in the cerebral cortex. J Neurochem 2023; 166:790-808. [PMID: 37534523 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Development of the mammalian neocortex requires proper inside-out migration of developing cortical neurons from the germinal ventricular zone toward the cortical plate. The mechanics of this migration requires precise coordination of different cellular phenomena including cytoskeleton dynamics, membrane trafficking, and cell adhesion. The small GTPases play a central role in all these events. The small GTPase Rab21 regulates migration and neurite growth in developing neurons. Moreover, regulators and effectors of Rab21 have been implicated in brain pathologies with cortical malformations, suggesting a key function for the Rab21 signaling pathway in cortical development. Mechanistically, it has been posited that Rab21 influences cell migration by controlling the trafficking of endocytic vesicles containing adhesion molecules. However, direct evidence of the participation of Rab21 or its mechanism of action in the regulation of cortical migration is still incomplete. In this study, we demonstrate that Rab21 plays a critical role in the differentiation and migration of pyramidal neurons by regulating the levels of the amyloid precursor protein on the neuronal cell surface. Rab21 loss of function increased the levels of membrane-exposed APP, resulting in impaired cortical neuronal differentiation and migration. These findings further our understanding of the processes governing the development of the cerebral cortex and shed light onto the molecular mechanisms behind cortical development disorders derived from the malfunctioning of Rab21 signaling effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Macarena Peralta Cuasolo
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwell Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CIQUIBIC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Dupraz
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenarative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nicolas Unsain
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra (INIMEC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Biología Celular y Molecular (CeBiCeM, FCEFyN-UNC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariano Bisbal
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra (INIMEC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto Universitario Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba (IUCBC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Quassollo
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra (INIMEC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mauricio R Galiano
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwell Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CIQUIBIC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Diego Grassi
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwell Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CIQUIBIC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Santiago Quiroga
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwell Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CIQUIBIC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Lucas Javier Sosa
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwell Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CIQUIBIC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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7
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Nikom D, Zheng S. Alternative splicing in neurodegenerative disease and the promise of RNA therapies. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023; 24:457-473. [PMID: 37336982 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00717-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing generates a myriad of RNA products and protein isoforms of different functions from a single gene. Dysregulated alternative splicing has emerged as a new mechanism broadly implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson disease and repeat expansion diseases. Understanding the mechanisms and functional outcomes of abnormal splicing in neurological disorders is vital in developing effective therapies to treat mis-splicing pathology. In this Review, we discuss emerging research and evidence of the roles of alternative splicing defects in major neurodegenerative diseases and summarize the latest advances in RNA-based therapeutic strategies to target these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Nikom
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
- Center for RNA Biology and Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Sika Zheng
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
- Center for RNA Biology and Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
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Shabani K, Pigeon J, Benaissa Touil Zariouh M, Liu T, Saffarian A, Komatsu J, Liu E, Danda N, Becmeur-Lefebvre M, Limame R, Bohl D, Parras C, Hassan BA. The temporal balance between self-renewal and differentiation of human neural stem cells requires the amyloid precursor protein. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd5002. [PMID: 37327344 PMCID: PMC10275593 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add5002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenesis in the developing human cerebral cortex occurs at a particularly slow rate owing in part to cortical neural progenitors preserving their progenitor state for a relatively long time, while generating neurons. How this balance between the progenitor and neurogenic state is regulated, and whether it contributes to species-specific brain temporal patterning, is poorly understood. Here, we show that the characteristic potential of human neural progenitor cells (NPCs) to remain in a progenitor state as they generate neurons for a prolonged amount of time requires the amyloid precursor protein (APP). In contrast, APP is dispensable in mouse NPCs, which undergo neurogenesis at a much faster rate. Mechanistically, APP cell-autonomously contributes to protracted neurogenesis through suppression of the proneurogenic activator protein-1 transcription factor and facilitation of canonical WNT signaling. We propose that the fine balance between self-renewal and differentiation is homeostatically regulated by APP, which may contribute to human-specific temporal patterns of neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Shabani
- Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Julien Pigeon
- Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Marwan Benaissa Touil Zariouh
- Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Tengyuan Liu
- Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Azadeh Saffarian
- Scipio bioscience, iPEPS-ICM, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jun Komatsu
- Scipio bioscience, iPEPS-ICM, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Elise Liu
- Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Natasha Danda
- Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Becmeur-Lefebvre
- Genetics and Foetopathology, Centre Hospitalier Regional d’Orleans–Hôpital de la Source, Orleans, France
| | - Ridha Limame
- Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Bohl
- Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Carlos Parras
- Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Bassem A. Hassan
- Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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Palma-Lara I, García Alonso-Themann P, Pérez-Durán J, Godínez-Aguilar R, Bonilla-Delgado J, Gómez-Archila D, Espinosa-García AM, Nolasco-Quiroga M, Victoria-Acosta G, López-Ornelas A, Serrano-Bello JC, Olguín-García MG, Palacios-Reyes C. Potential Role of Protein Kinase FAM20C on the Brain in Raine Syndrome, an In Silico Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108904. [PMID: 37240249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
FAM20C (family with sequence similarity 20, member C) is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that is ubiquitously expressed and mainly associated with biomineralization and phosphatemia regulation. It is mostly known due to pathogenic variants causing its deficiency, which results in Raine syndrome (RNS), a sclerosing bone dysplasia with hypophosphatemia. The phenotype is recognized by the skeletal features, which are related to hypophosphorylation of different FAM20C bone-target proteins. However, FAM20C has many targets, including brain proteins and the cerebrospinal fluid phosphoproteome. Individuals with RNS can have developmental delay, intellectual disability, seizures, and structural brain defects, but little is known about FAM20C brain-target-protein dysregulation or about a potential pathogenesis associated with neurologic features. In order to identify the potential FAM20C actions on the brain, an in silico analysis was conducted. Structural and functional defects reported in RNS were described; FAM20C targets and interactors were identified, including their brain expression. Gene ontology of molecular processes, function, and components was completed for these targets, as well as for potential involved signaling pathways and diseases. The BioGRID and Human Protein Atlas databases, the Gorilla tool, and the PANTHER and DisGeNET databases were used. Results show that genes with high expression in the brain are involved in cholesterol and lipoprotein processes, plus axo-dendritic transport and the neuron part. These results could highlight some proteins involved in the neurologic pathogenesis of RNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Icela Palma-Lara
- Laboratorio de Morfología Celular y Molecular, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | | | - Javier Pérez-Durán
- Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico
| | | | - José Bonilla-Delgado
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Ixtapaluca, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Instituto Tecnológico de Monterrey, Toluca de Lerdo 50110, Mexico
| | - Damián Gómez-Archila
- Departamento de Oncología Quirúrgica, Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia 3, Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza", Ciudad de México 02990, Mexico
| | | | - Manuel Nolasco-Quiroga
- Coordinación de Enseñanza e Investigación, Clínica Hospital Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Huauchinango 73177, Mexico
| | | | - Adolfo López-Ornelas
- División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Serrano-Bello
- Departamento de Patología Clínica y Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico
| | | | - Carmen Palacios-Reyes
- División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
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10
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Gabriele RMC, Abel E, Fox NC, Wray S, Arber C. Knockdown of Amyloid Precursor Protein: Biological Consequences and Clinical Opportunities. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:835645. [PMID: 35360155 PMCID: PMC8964081 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.835645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its cleavage fragment Amyloid-β (Aβ) have fundamental roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Genetic alterations that either increase the overall dosage of APP or alter its processing to favour the generation of longer, more aggregation prone Aβ species, are directly causative of the disease. People living with one copy of APP are asymptomatic and reducing APP has been shown to lower the relative production of aggregation-prone Aβ species in vitro. For these reasons, reducing APP expression is an attractive approach for AD treatment and prevention. In this review, we will describe the structure and the known functions of APP and go on to discuss the biological consequences of APP knockdown and knockout in model systems. We highlight progress in therapeutic strategies to reverse AD pathology via reducing APP expression. We conclude that new technologies that reduce the dosage of APP expression may allow disease modification and slow clinical progression, delaying or even preventing onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. C. Gabriele
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Abel
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom,UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London (UCL), Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nick C. Fox
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom,UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London (UCL), Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Selina Wray
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Arber
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Charles Arber,
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11
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Chebli J, Rahmati M, Lashley T, Edeman B, Oldfors A, Zetterberg H, Abramsson A. The localization of amyloid precursor protein to ependymal cilia in vertebrates and its role in ciliogenesis and brain development in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19115. [PMID: 34580355 PMCID: PMC8476544 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98487-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is expressed in many tissues in human, mice and in zebrafish. In zebrafish, there are two orthologues, Appa and Appb. Interestingly, some cellular processes associated with APP overlap with cilia-mediated functions. Whereas the localization of APP to primary cilia of in vitro-cultured cells has been reported, we addressed the presence of APP in motile and in non-motile sensory cilia and its potential implication for ciliogenesis using zebrafish, mouse, and human samples. We report that Appa and Appb are expressed by ciliated cells and become localized at the membrane of cilia in the olfactory epithelium, otic vesicle and in the brain ventricles of zebrafish embryos. App in ependymal cilia persisted in adult zebrafish and was also detected in mouse and human brain. Finally, we found morphologically abnormal ependymal cilia and smaller brain ventricles in appa−/−appb−/− mutant zebrafish. Our findings demonstrate an evolutionary conserved localisation of APP to cilia and suggest a role of App in ciliogenesis and cilia-related functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Chebli
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maryam Rahmati
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Brigitta Edeman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Oldfors
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,UK Dementia Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Alexandra Abramsson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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12
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Steubler V, Erdinger S, Back MK, Ludewig S, Fässler D, Richter M, Han K, Slomianka L, Amrein I, von Engelhardt J, Wolfer DP, Korte M, Müller UC. Loss of all three APP family members during development impairs synaptic function and plasticity, disrupts learning, and causes an autism-like phenotype. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107471. [PMID: 34008862 PMCID: PMC8204861 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020107471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The key role of APP for Alzheimer pathogenesis is well established. However, perinatal lethality of germline knockout mice lacking the entire APP family has so far precluded the analysis of its physiological functions for the developing and adult brain. Here, we generated conditional APP/APLP1/APLP2 triple KO (cTKO) mice lacking the APP family in excitatory forebrain neurons from embryonic day 11.5 onwards. NexCre cTKO mice showed altered brain morphology with agenesis of the corpus callosum and disrupted hippocampal lamination. Further, NexCre cTKOs revealed reduced basal synaptic transmission and drastically reduced long-term potentiation that was associated with reduced dendritic length and reduced spine density of pyramidal cells. With regard to behavior, lack of the APP family leads not only to severe impairments in a panel of tests for learning and memory, but also to an autism-like phenotype including repetitive rearing and climbing, impaired social communication, and deficits in social interaction. Together, our study identifies essential functions of the APP family during development, for normal hippocampal function and circuits important for learning and social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Steubler
- Department of Functional GenomicsInstitute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Susanne Erdinger
- Department of Functional GenomicsInstitute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Michaela K Back
- Institute of PathophysiologyFocus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN)University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Susann Ludewig
- Division of Cellular NeurobiologyZoological Institute, TU BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration GroupBraunschweigGermany
| | - Dominique Fässler
- Department of Functional GenomicsInstitute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Max Richter
- Department of Functional GenomicsInstitute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Kang Han
- Department of Functional GenomicsInstitute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Lutz Slomianka
- Institute of Anatomy and Zurich Center for Integrative Human PhysiologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Irmgard Amrein
- Institute of Anatomy and Zurich Center for Integrative Human PhysiologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Jakob von Engelhardt
- Institute of PathophysiologyFocus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN)University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany
| | - David P Wolfer
- Institute of Anatomy and Zurich Center for Integrative Human PhysiologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Institute of Human Movement SciencesETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Martin Korte
- Division of Cellular NeurobiologyZoological Institute, TU BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration GroupBraunschweigGermany
| | - Ulrike C Müller
- Department of Functional GenomicsInstitute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
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13
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Mazin PV, Khaitovich P, Cardoso-Moreira M, Kaessmann H. Alternative splicing during mammalian organ development. Nat Genet 2021; 53:925-934. [PMID: 33941934 PMCID: PMC8187152 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00851-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) is pervasive in mammalian genomes, yet cross-species comparisons have been largely restricted to adult tissues and the functionality of most AS events remains unclear. We assessed AS patterns across pre- and postnatal development of seven organs in six mammals and a bird. Our analyses revealed that developmentally dynamic AS events, which are especially prevalent in the brain, are substantially more conserved than nondynamic ones. Cassette exons with increasing inclusion frequencies during development show the strongest signals of conserved and regulated AS. Newly emerged cassette exons are typically incorporated late in testis development, but those retained during evolution are predominantly brain specific. Our work suggests that an intricate interplay of programs controlling gene expression levels and AS is fundamental to organ development, especially for the brain and heart. In these regulatory networks, AS affords substantial functional diversification of genes through the generation of tissue- and time-specific isoforms from broadly expressed genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel V Mazin
- V. Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Restoration, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Philipp Khaitovich
- V. Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Restoration, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Margarida Cardoso-Moreira
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
| | - Henrik Kaessmann
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.
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14
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Kanyo R, Leighton PLA, Neil GJ, Locskai LF, Allison WT. Amyloid-β precursor protein mutant zebrafish exhibit seizure susceptibility that depends on prion protein. Exp Neurol 2020; 328:113283. [PMID: 32165257 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that Amyloid β Precursor Protein (APP) might act as a rheostat controlling neuronal excitability, but mechanisms have remained untested. APP and its catabolite Aβ are known to impact upon synapse function and dysfunction via their interaction with the prion protein (PrPC), suggesting a candidate pathway. Here we test if PrPC is required for this APP function in vivo, perhaps via modulating mGluR5 ion channels. We engineered zebrafish to lack homologs of PrPC and APP, allowing us to assess their purported genetic and physiological interactions in CNS development. We generated four appa null alleles as well as prp1-/-;appa-/- double mutants (engineering of prp1 mutant alleles is described elsewhere). Unexpectedly, appa-/- and compound prp1-/-;appa-/- mutants are viable and lacked overt phenotypes (except being slightly smaller than wildtype fish at some developmental stages). Zebrafish prp1-/- mutants were substantially more sensitive to appa knockdown than wildtype fish, and both zebrafish prp1 and mammalian Prnp mRNA were significantly able to partially rescue this effect. Further, appa-/- mutants exhibited increased seizures upon exposure to low doses of convulsant. The mechanism of this seizure susceptibility requires prp1 insomuch that seizures were significantly dampened to wildtype levels in prp1-/-;appa-/- mutants. Inhibiting mGluR5 channels, which may be downstream of PrPC, increased seizure intensity only in prp1-/- mutants, and this seizure mechanism required intact appa. Taken together, these results support an intriguing genetic interaction between prp1 and appa with their shared roles impacting upon neuron hyperexcitability, thus complementing and extending past works detailing their biochemical interaction(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kanyo
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Patricia L A Leighton
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Gavin J Neil
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Laszlo F Locskai
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - W Ted Allison
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
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15
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Yener Ilce B, Cagin U, Yilmazer A. Cellular reprogramming: A new way to understand aging mechanisms. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2018; 7. [PMID: 29350802 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increased life expectancy, due to the rise in life quality and the decline in mortality rates, is leading to a society in which the population aged 60 and over is growing more rapidly than the entire population. Although various models and model organisms have been employed to investigate the mechanism of aging, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are useful candidates to study human aging and age-related human diseases. This work discusses how iPSCs can be used as an alternative to the model organisms such as yeast, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, or the mouse. The main focus is the reprogramming technology of somatic cells which is thought to provide an important perspective for rejuvenation strategies. The effects and relationships between aging and cell reprogramming are discussed, and studies related to aging and cell reprogramming are critically reviewed. We believe that for future studies, different parameters and detailed quantitative experiments should be performed in order to clearly understand the effect of aging on human cell reprogramming with respect to programming efficiency and differentiation capacity. This way, new insights will be provided to prevent or even reverse the aging process. WIREs Dev Biol 2018, 7:e308. doi: 10.1002/wdev.308 This article is categorized under: Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Stem Cells and Aging Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Regeneration Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Stem Cells and Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Acelya Yilmazer
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Stem Cell Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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16
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Sosa LJ, Cáceres A, Dupraz S, Oksdath M, Quiroga S, Lorenzo A. The physiological role of the amyloid precursor protein as an adhesion molecule in the developing nervous system. J Neurochem 2017; 143:11-29. [PMID: 28677143 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein better known for its participation in the physiopathology of Alzheimer disease as the source of the beta amyloid fragment. However, the physiological functions of the full length protein and its proteolytic fragments have remained elusive. APP was first described as a cell-surface receptor; nevertheless, increasing evidence highlighted APP as a cell adhesion molecule. In this review, we will focus on the current knowledge of the physiological role of APP as a cell adhesion molecule and its involvement in key events of neuronal development, such as migration, neurite outgrowth, growth cone pathfinding, and synaptogenesis. Finally, since APP is over-expressed in Down syndrome individuals because of the extra copy of chromosome 21, in the last section of the review, we discuss the potential contribution of APP to the neuronal and synaptic defects described in this genetic condition. Read the Editorial Highlight for this article on page 9. Cover Image for this issue: doi. 10.1111/jnc.13817.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas J Sosa
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwell Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CIQUIBIC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alfredo Cáceres
- Laboratorio Neurobiología, Instituto Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto Universitario Ciencias Biomédicas Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Dupraz
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenarative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mariana Oksdath
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwell Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CIQUIBIC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Santiago Quiroga
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwell Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CIQUIBIC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alfredo Lorenzo
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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