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Liguori C, Maestri M, Spanetta M, Placidi F, Bonanni E, Mercuri NB, Guarnieri B. Sleep-disordered breathing and the risk of Alzheimer's disease. Sleep Med Rev 2020; 55:101375. [PMID: 33022476 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sleep-disordered breathing is highly prevalent in the elderly population. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) represents the most common sleep disorder among the adult and elderly population. Recently, OSA diagnosis has been associated with an increased risk of developing cognitive decline and dementia, including vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Subsequently, there have been studies on AD biomarkers investigating cerebrospinal fluid, blood, neuroimaging, and nuclear medicine biomarkers in patients with OSA. Furthermore, studies have attempted to assess the possible effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on the cognitive trajectory and AD biomarkers in patients with OSA. This review summarizes the findings of studies on each AD biomarker (cognitive, biofluid, neuroimaging, and nuclear medicine imaging) in patients with OSA, also accounting for the related effects of CPAP treatment. In addition, the hypothetical model connecting OSA to AD in a bi-directional interplay is analyzed. Finally, the sex-based differences in prevalence and clinical symptoms of OSA between men and women have been investigated in relation to AD risk. Further studies investigating AD biomarkers changes in patients with OSA and the effect of CPAP treatment should be auspicated in future for identifying strategies to prevent the development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Liguori
- Sleep Medicine Centre, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Neurology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Michelangelo Maestri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Spanetta
- Sleep Medicine Centre, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Placidi
- Sleep Medicine Centre, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Neurology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrica Bonanni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicola B Mercuri
- Neurology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Biancamaria Guarnieri
- Center of Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, Villa Serena Hospital, Città S. Angelo, Pescara, Italy; Villa Serena Foundation for the Research, Città S. Angelo, Pescara, Italy
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Liguori C, Chiaravalloti A, Izzi F, Nuccetelli M, Bernardini S, Schillaci O, Mercuri NB, Placidi F. Sleep apnoeas may represent a reversible risk factor for amyloid-β pathology. Brain 2019; 140:e75. [PMID: 29077794 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Liguori
- Sleep Medicine Centre, Neurophysiopathology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Neurology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Izzi
- Sleep Medicine Centre, Neurophysiopathology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Neurology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Nuccetelli
- Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Orazio Schillaci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Biagio Mercuri
- Sleep Medicine Centre, Neurophysiopathology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Neurology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Placidi
- Sleep Medicine Centre, Neurophysiopathology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Neurology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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