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Du N, Wang X, Wang Z, Liu H, Liu H, Duan H, Zhao S, Banerjee S, Zhang X. Identification of a Novel Homozygous Mutation in MTMR2 Gene Causes Very Rare Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Type 4B1. Appl Clin Genet 2024; 17:71-84. [PMID: 38835974 PMCID: PMC11149649 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s448084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a heterogeneous group of disorders involving peripheral nervous system. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 4B1 (CMT4B1) is a rare subtype of CMT. CMT4B1 is an axonal demyelinating polyneuropathy with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Patients with CMT4B1 usually manifested with dysfunction of the motor and sensory systems which leads to gradual and progressive muscular weakness and atrophy, starting from the peroneal muscles and finally affecting the distal muscles. Germline mutations in MTMR2 gene causes CMT4B1. Material and Methods In this study, we investigated a 4-year-old Chinese boy with gradual and progressive weakness and atrophy of both proximal and distal muscles. The proband's parents did not show any abnormalities. Whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed. Results Whole-exome sequencing identified a novel homozygous nonsense mutation (c.118A>T; p.Lys40*) in exon 2 of MTMR2 gene in the proband. This novel mutation leads to the formation of a truncated MTMR2 protein of 39 amino acids instead of the wild- type MTMR2 protein of 643 amino acids. This mutation is predicted to cause the complete loss of the PH-GRAM domain, phosphatase domain, coiled-coil domain, and PDZ-binding motif of the MTMR2 protein. Sanger sequencing revealed that the proband's parents carried the mutation in a heterozygous state. This mutation was absent in 100 healthy control individuals. Conclusion This study reports the first mutation in MTMR2 associated with CMT4B1 in a Chinese population. Our study also showed the importance of whole-exome sequencing in identifying candidate genes and disease-causing variants in patients with CMT4B1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Du
- Department of Medical Genetics, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Center for Children Health Care, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfang Duan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaozhi Zhao
- Department of Medical Genetics, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Santasree Banerjee
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
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Nishadham V, Santhoshkumar R, Nashi S, Vengalil S, Bardhan M, Polavarapu K, Sanka SB, Anjanappa RM, Kulanthaivelu K, Saini J, Chickabasaviah YT, Nalini A. A Novel Mutation in Frabin (FGD4) Causing a Mild Phenotype of CMT4H in an Indian Patient. J Neuromuscul Dis 2024; 11:221-232. [PMID: 38108359 PMCID: PMC10789318 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-230042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 4H(CMT4H) is an autosomal recessive demyelinating form of CMT caused by FGD4/FRABIN mutations. CMT4H is characterized by early onset and slowly progressing motor and sensory deficits in the distal extremities, along with foot deformities. We describe a patient with CMT4H who presented with rapidly progressing flaccid quadriparesis during the postpartum period, which improved significantly with steroid therapy. Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography demonstrated considerable nerve thickening with increased cross-sectional area in the peripheral nerves. A nerve biopsy revealed significant demyelination and myelin outfolding. This is the first report of an Indian patient with a novel homozygous nonsense c.1672C>T (p.Arg558Ter) mutation in the FGD4 gene, expanding the mutational and phenotypic spectrum of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Nishadham
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rashmi Santhoshkumar
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Saraswati Nashi
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Seena Vengalil
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Mainak Bardhan
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Kiran Polavarapu
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sai Bhargava Sanka
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ram Murthy Anjanappa
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Karthik Kulanthaivelu
- Department of Neurointerventional and Imaging, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jitender Saini
- Department of Neurointerventional and Imaging, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Yasha T. Chickabasaviah
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Atchayaram Nalini
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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3
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Zhan F, Tian W, Cao Y, Wu J, Ni R, Liu T, Yuan Y, Luan X, Cao L. Episodic Neurological Dysfunction in X-Linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease: Expansion of the Phenotypic and Genetic Spectrum. J Clin Neurol 2024; 20:59-66. [PMID: 38179633 PMCID: PMC10782082 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2023.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1 (CMTX1) is characterized by peripheral neuropathy with or without episodic neurological dysfunction. We performed clinical, neuropathological, and genetic investigations of a series of patients with mutations of the gap-junction beta-1 gene (GJB1) to extend the phenotypic and genetic description of CMTX1. METHODS Detailed clinical evaluations, sural nerve biopsy, and genetic analysis were applied to patients with CMTX1. RESULTS We collected 27 patients with CMTX1 with GJB1 mutations from 14 unrelated families. The age at onset (AAO) was 20.9±12.2 years (mean±standard deviation; range, 2-45 years). Walking difficulties, weakness in the legs, and pes cavus were common initial symptoms. Compared with female patients, males tended to have a younger AAO (males vs. females=15.4±9.6 vs. 32.0±8.8 years, p=0.002), a longer disease course (16.8±16.1 vs. 5.5±3.8 years, p=0.034), and more-severe electrophysiological results. Besides peripheral neuropathy, six of the patients had special episodic central nervous system (CNS) evidence from symptoms, signs, and/or reversible white-matter lesions. Neuropathology revealed the loss of large myelinated fibers, increased number of regenerated axon clusters with abnormally thin myelin sheaths, and excessively folded myelin. Genetic analysis identified 14 GJB1 variants, 6 of which were novel. CONCLUSIONS These findings expand the phenotypic and genetic spectrum of CMTX1. Although CMTX1 was found to have high phenotypic and CNS involvement variabilities, detailed neurological examinations and nerve conduction studies will provide critical clues for accurate diagnoses. Further exploration of the underlying mechanisms of connexin 32 involvement in neuropathy or CNS dysfunction is warranted to develop promising therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixia Zhan
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wotu Tian
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuwen Cao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingying Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruilong Ni
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Taotao Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Yun Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinghua Luan
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.
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Reilly MM, Herrmann DN, Pareyson D, Scherer SS, Finkel RS, Züchner S, Burns J, Shy ME. Trials for Slowly Progressive Neurogenetic Diseases Need Surrogate Endpoints. Ann Neurol 2023; 93:906-910. [PMID: 36891823 PMCID: PMC10192108 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Heritable neurological disorders provide insights into disease mechanisms that permit development of novel therapeutic approaches including antisense oligonucleotides, RNA interference, and gene replacement. Many neurogenetic diseases are rare and slowly progressive making it challenging to measure disease progression within short time frames. We share our experience developing clinical outcome assessments and disease biomarkers in the inherited peripheral neuropathies. We posit that carefully developed biomarkers from imaging, plasma, or skin can predict meaningful progression in functional and patient reported outcome assessments such that clinical trials of less than 2 years will be feasible for these rare and ultra-rare disorders. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:906-910.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary M Reilly
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Davide Pareyson
- Unit of Rare Neurodegenerative and Neurometabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Steven S Scherer
- Department of Neurology, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Richard S Finkel
- Center for Experimental Neurotherapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Stephan Züchner
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Joshua Burns
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael E Shy
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA
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Abstract
Demyelinating forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) are genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous and result from highly diverse biological mechanisms including gain of function (including dominant negative effects) and loss of function. While no definitive treatment is currently available, rapid advances in defining the pathomechanisms of demyelinating CMT have led to promising pre-clinical studies, as well as emerging clinical trials. Especially promising are the recently completed pre-clinical genetic therapy studies in PMP-22, GJB1, and SH3TC2-associated neuropathies, particularly given the success of similar approaches in humans with spinal muscular atrophy and transthyretin familial polyneuropathy. This article focuses on neuropathies related to mutations in PMP-22, MPZ, and GJB1, which together comprise the most common forms of demyelinating CMT, as well as on select rarer forms for which promising treatment targets have been identified. Clinical characteristics and pathomechanisms are reviewed in detail, with emphasis on therapeutically targetable biological pathways. Also discussed are the challenges facing the CMT research community in its efforts to advance the rapidly evolving biological insights to effective clinical trials. These considerations include the limitations of currently available animal models, the need for personalized medicine approaches/allele-specific interventions for select forms of demyelinating CMT, and the increasing demand for optimal clinical outcome assessments and objective biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Fridman
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12631 E 17th Avenue, Mailstop B185, Room 5113C, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Mario A Saporta
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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6
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Dysregulation of myelin synthesis and actomyosin function underlies aberrant myelin in CMT4B1 neuropathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2009469118. [PMID: 33653949 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2009469118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 4B1 (CMT4B1) is a severe autosomal recessive demyelinating neuropathy with childhood onset, caused by loss-of-function mutations in the myotubularin-related 2 (MTMR2) gene. MTMR2 is a ubiquitously expressed catalytically active 3-phosphatase, which in vitro dephosphorylates the 3-phosphoinositides PtdIns3P and PtdIns(3,5)P 2, with a preference for PtdIns(3,5)P 2 A hallmark of CMT4B1 neuropathy are redundant loops of myelin in the nerve termed myelin outfoldings, which can be considered the consequence of altered growth of myelinated fibers during postnatal development. How MTMR2 loss and the resulting imbalance of 3'-phosphoinositides cause CMT4B1 is unknown. Here we show that MTMR2 by regulating PtdIns(3,5)P 2 levels coordinates mTORC1-dependent myelin synthesis and RhoA/myosin II-dependent cytoskeletal dynamics to promote myelin membrane expansion and longitudinal myelin growth. Consistent with this, pharmacological inhibition of PtdIns(3,5)P 2 synthesis or mTORC1/RhoA signaling ameliorates CMT4B1 phenotypes. Our data reveal a crucial role for MTMR2-regulated lipid turnover to titrate mTORC1 and RhoA signaling thereby controlling myelin growth.
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7
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Xiao C, Rossignol F, Vaz FM, Ferreira CR. Inherited disorders of complex lipid metabolism: A clinical review. J Inherit Metab Dis 2021; 44:809-825. [PMID: 33594685 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over 80 human diseases have been attributed to defects in complex lipid metabolism. A majority of them have been reported recently in the setting of rapid advances in genomic technology and their increased use in clinical settings. Lipids are ubiquitous in human biology and play roles in many cellular and intercellular processes. While inborn errors in lipid metabolism can affect every organ system with many examples of genetic heterogeneity and pleiotropy, the clinical manifestations of many of these disorders can be explained based on the disruption of the metabolic pathway involved. In this review, we will discuss the physiological function of major pathways in complex lipid metabolism, including nonlysosomal sphingolipid metabolism, acylceramide metabolism, de novo phospholipid synthesis, phospholipid remodeling, phosphatidylinositol metabolism, mitochondrial cardiolipin synthesis and remodeling, and ether lipid metabolism as well as common clinical phenotypes associated with each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changrui Xiao
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Francis Rossignol
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Frédéric M Vaz
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos R Ferreira
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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8
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Mattei AM, Smailys JD, Hepworth EMW, Hinton SD. The Roles of Pseudophosphatases in Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136924. [PMID: 34203203 PMCID: PMC8269279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pseudophosphatases, atypical members of the protein tyrosine phosphatase family, have emerged as bona fide signaling regulators within the past two decades. Their roles as regulators have led to a renaissance of the pseudophosphatase and pseudoenyme fields, catapulting interest from a mere curiosity to intriguing and relevant proteins to investigate. Pseudophosphatases make up approximately fourteen percent of the phosphatase family, and are conserved throughout evolution. Pseudophosphatases, along with pseudokinases, are important players in physiology and pathophysiology. These atypical members of the protein tyrosine phosphatase and protein tyrosine kinase superfamily, respectively, are rendered catalytically inactive through mutations within their catalytic active signature motif and/or other important domains required for catalysis. This new interest in the pursuit of the relevant functions of these proteins has resulted in an elucidation of their roles in signaling cascades and diseases. There is a rapid accumulation of knowledge of diseases linked to their dysregulation, such as neuropathies and various cancers. This review analyzes the involvement of pseudophosphatases in diseases, highlighting the function of various role(s) of pseudophosphatases involvement in pathologies, and thus providing a platform to strongly consider them as key therapeutic drug targets.
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9
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Berti B, Longo G, Mari F, Doccini S, Piccolo I, Donati MA, Moro F, Guerrini R, Santorelli FM, Petruzzella V. Bi-allelic variants in MTMR5/SBF1 cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 4B3 featuring mitochondrial dysfunction. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:157. [PMID: 34118926 PMCID: PMC8199524 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-01001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) type 4B3 (CMT4B3) is a rare form of genetic neuropathy associated with variants in the MTMR5/SBF1 gene. MTMR5/SBF1 is a pseudophosphatase predicted to regulate endo-lysosomal trafficking in tandem with other MTMRs. Although almost ubiquitously expressed, pathogenic variants primarily impact on the peripheral nervous system, corroborating the involvement of MTMR5/SBF1 and its molecular partners in Schwann cells-mediated myelinization. CASE PRESENTATION We report a case of severe CMT4B3 characterized by early-onset motor and axonal polyneuropathy in an Italian child in absence of any evidence of brain and spine MRI abnormalities or intellectual disability and with a biochemical profile suggestive of mitochondrial disease. Using an integrated approach combining both NGS gene panels and WES analysis, we identified two novel compound heterozygous missense variants in MTMR5/SBF1 gene, p.R763H (c.2291G > A) and p.G1064E (c.3194G > A). Studies in muscle identified partial defects of oxidative metabolism. CONCLUSION We describe the first case of an early onset severe polyneuropathy with motor and axonal involvement, due to recessive variants in the MTMR5/SBF1 gene, with no evidence of brain and spine MRI abnormalities, intellectual disability, no clinical and neurophysiological evidences of distal sensory impairment, and rapid neuromuscular deterioration. This report suggests that MTMR5/SBF1 should be considered in cases of infantile-onset CMT with secondary mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Berti
- Pediatric Neurology and Centro Clinico Nemo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Longo
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Mari
- Child Neurology Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Doccini
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, via dei Giacinti 2, Calambrone, 56128, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Piccolo
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Moro
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, via dei Giacinti 2, Calambrone, 56128, Pisa, Italy
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Child Neurology Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Filippo M Santorelli
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, via dei Giacinti 2, Calambrone, 56128, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Vittoria Petruzzella
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.
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10
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Stavrou M, Sargiannidou I, Georgiou E, Kagiava A, Kleopa KA. Emerging Therapies for Charcot-Marie-Tooth Inherited Neuropathies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6048. [PMID: 34205075 PMCID: PMC8199910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited neuropathies known as Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease are genetically heterogeneous disorders affecting the peripheral nerves, causing significant and slowly progressive disability over the lifespan. The discovery of their diverse molecular genetic mechanisms over the past three decades has provided the basis for developing a wide range of therapeutics, leading to an exciting era of finding treatments for this, until now, incurable group of diseases. Many treatment approaches, including gene silencing and gene replacement therapies, as well as small molecule treatments are currently in preclinical testing while several have also reached clinical trial stage. Some of the treatment approaches are disease-specific targeted to the unique disease mechanism of each CMT form, while other therapeutics target common pathways shared by several or all CMT types. As promising treatments reach the stage of clinical translation, optimal outcome measures, novel biomarkers and appropriate trial designs are crucial in order to facilitate successful testing and validation of novel treatments for CMT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Stavrou
- Neuroscience Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (M.S.); (I.S.); (E.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Irene Sargiannidou
- Neuroscience Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (M.S.); (I.S.); (E.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Elena Georgiou
- Neuroscience Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (M.S.); (I.S.); (E.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Alexia Kagiava
- Neuroscience Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (M.S.); (I.S.); (E.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Kleopas A. Kleopa
- Neuroscience Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (M.S.); (I.S.); (E.G.); (A.K.)
- Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus
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Guimarães-Costa R, Villar-Quiles RN, Latour P, Sole G, Husson I, Lacour A, Leonard-Louis S, Stojkovic T. Confounding clinical presentation and different disease progression in CMT4B1. Neuromuscul Disord 2020; 30:576-582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Sawade L, Grandi F, Mignanelli M, Patiño-López G, Klinkert K, Langa-Vives F, Di Guardo R, Echard A, Bolino A, Haucke V. Rab35-regulated lipid turnover by myotubularins represses mTORC1 activity and controls myelin growth. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2835. [PMID: 32503983 PMCID: PMC7275063 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16696-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited peripheral neuropathies (IPNs) represent a broad group of disorders including Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) neuropathies characterized by defects primarily arising in myelin, axons, or both. The molecular mechanisms by which mutations in nearly 100 identified IPN/CMT genes lead to neuropathies are poorly understood. Here we show that the Ras-related GTPase Rab35 controls myelin growth via complex formation with the myotubularin-related phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-phosphatases MTMR13 and MTMR2, encoded by genes responsible for CMT-types 4B2 and B1 in humans, and found that it downregulates lipid-mediated mTORC1 activation, a pathway known to crucially regulate myelin biogenesis. Targeted disruption of Rab35 leads to hyperactivation of mTORC1 signaling caused by elevated levels of PI 3-phosphates and to focal hypermyelination in vivo. Pharmacological inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate synthesis or mTORC1 signaling ameliorates this phenotype. These findings reveal a crucial role for Rab35-regulated lipid turnover by myotubularins to repress mTORC1 activity and to control myelin growth. Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) is an inherited peripheral neuropathy. Here, the authors show that Rab35 forms a complex with genes implicated in CMT, MTMR13 and MTMR2, which regulates myelin growth by controlling mTORC1 signaling through lipid turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Sawade
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Federica Grandi
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (InSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Marianna Mignanelli
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (InSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.,San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Genaro Patiño-López
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México, Federico Gómez. C.P, 06720, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Kerstin Klinkert
- Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Lab, Institut Pasteur, UMR3691, CNRS, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, F-75015, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Collège doctoral, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Francina Langa-Vives
- Centre d'Ingénierie Génétique Murine, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Roberta Di Guardo
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (InSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Arnaud Echard
- Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Lab, Institut Pasteur, UMR3691, CNRS, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Alessandra Bolino
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (InSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany. .,Freie Universität Berlin, Faculty of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 14195, Berlin, Germany. .,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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13
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S1P/S1P Receptor Signaling in Neuromuscolar Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246364. [PMID: 31861214 PMCID: PMC6941007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioactive sphingolipid metabolite, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), and the signaling pathways triggered by its binding to specific G protein-coupled receptors play a critical regulatory role in many pathophysiological processes, including skeletal muscle and nervous system degeneration. The signaling transduced by S1P binding appears to be much more complex than previously thought, with important implications for clinical applications and for personalized medicine. In particular, the understanding of S1P/S1P receptor signaling functions in specific compartmentalized locations of the cell is worthy of being better investigated, because in various circumstances it might be crucial for the development or/and the progression of neuromuscular diseases, such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, myasthenia gravis, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
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14
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Wang H, Kaçar Bayram A, Sprute R, Ozdemir O, Cooper E, Pergande M, Efthymiou S, Nedic I, Mazaheri N, Stumpfe K, Azizi Malamiri R, Shariati G, Zeighami J, Bayram N, Naghibzadeh SK, Tajik M, Yaşar M, Sami Güven A, Bibi F, Sultan T, Salpietro V, Houlden H, Per H, Galehdari H, Shalbafan B, Jamshidi Y, Cirak S. Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Due to MTMR2 Mutations and Implications in Membrane Trafficking. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:974. [PMID: 31680794 PMCID: PMC6807680 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 4 (CMT4) is an autosomal recessive severe form of neuropathy with genetic heterogeneity. CMT4B1 is caused by mutations in the myotubularin-related 2 (MTMR2) gene and as a member of the myotubularin family, the MTMR2 protein is crucial for the modulation of membrane trafficking. To enable future clinical trials, we performed a detailed review of the published cases with MTMR2 mutations and describe four novel cases identified through whole-exome sequencing (WES). The four unrelated families harbor novel homozygous mutations in MTMR2 (NM_016156, Family 1: c.1490dupC; p.Phe498IlefsTer2; Family 2: c.1479+1G>A; Family 3: c.1090C>T; p.Arg364Ter; Family 4: c.883C>T; p.Arg295Ter) and present with CMT4B1-related severe early-onset motor and sensory neuropathy, generalized muscle atrophy, facial and bulbar weakness, and pes cavus deformity. The clinical description of the new mutations reported here overlap with previously reported CMT4B1 phenotypes caused by mutations in the phosphatase domain of MTMR2, suggesting that nonsense MTMR2 mutations, which are predicted to result in loss or disruption of the phosphatase domain, are associated with a severe phenotype and loss of independent ambulation by the early twenties. Whereas the few reported missense mutations and also those truncating mutations occurring at the C-terminus after the phosphatase domain cause a rather mild phenotype and patients were still ambulatory above the age 30 years. Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy and Centronuclear Myopathy causing mutations have been shown to occur in proteins involved in membrane remodeling and trafficking pathway mediated by phosphoinositides. Earlier studies have showing the rescue of MTM1 myopathy by MTMR2 overexpression, emphasize the importance of maintaining the phosphoinositides equilibrium and highlight a potential compensatory mechanism amongst members of this pathway. This proved that the regulation of expression of these proteins involved in the membrane remodeling pathway may compensate each other's loss- or gain-of-function mutations by restoring the phosphoinositides equilibrium. This provides a potential therapeutic strategy for neuromuscular diseases resulting from mutations in the membrane remodeling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haicui Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ayşe Kaçar Bayram
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University of Health Sciences, Kayseri City Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Rosanne Sprute
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ozkan Ozdemir
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Emily Cooper
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Pergande
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephanie Efthymiou
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ivana Nedic
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neda Mazaheri
- Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Katharina Stumpfe
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Reza Azizi Malamiri
- Paediatric Neurology, Department of Paediatric Neurology, Golestan Medical, Educational, and Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Shariati
- Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Jawaher Zeighami
- Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nurettin Bayram
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences, Kayseri City Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | - Mohamad Tajik
- Department of Neurology, Firoozgar General Hospital, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehmet Yaşar
- Department of Ear Nose and Throat, University of Health Sciences, Kayseri City Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Sami Güven
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Farah Bibi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Tipu Sultan
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Institute of Child Health, The Children's Hospital Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Vincenzo Salpietro
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hüseyin Per
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Erciyes University Medical School, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hamid Galehdari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Bita Shalbafan
- Iran Social Security Organization, Labafinejad Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yalda Jamshidi
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sebahattin Cirak
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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