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Geraldes R, Arrambide G, Banwell B, Rovira À, Cortese R, Lassmann H, Messina S, Rocca MA, Waters P, Chard D, Gasperini C, Hacohen Y, Mariano R, Paul F, DeLuca GC, Enzinger C, Kappos L, Leite MI, Sastre-Garriga J, Yousry T, Ciccarelli O, Filippi M, Barkhof F, Palace J. The influence of MOGAD on diagnosis of multiple sclerosis using MRI. Nat Rev Neurol 2024:10.1038/s41582-024-01005-2. [PMID: 39227463 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-01005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease that is challenging to differentiate from multiple sclerosis (MS), as the clinical phenotypes overlap, and people with MOGAD can fulfil the current MRI-based diagnostic criteria for MS. In addition, the MOG antibody assays that are an essential component of MOGAD diagnosis are not standardized. Accurate diagnosis of MOGAD is crucial because the treatments and long-term prognosis differ from those for MS. This Expert Recommendation summarizes the outcomes from a Magnetic Resonance Imaging in MS workshop held in Oxford, UK in May 2022, in which MS and MOGAD experts reflected on the pathology and clinical features of these disorders, the contributions of MRI to their diagnosis and the clinical use of the MOG antibody assay. We also critically reviewed the literature to assess the validity of distinctive imaging features in the current MS and MOGAD criteria. We conclude that dedicated orbital and spinal cord imaging (with axial slices) can inform MOGAD diagnosis and also illuminate differential diagnoses. We provide practical guidance to neurologists and neuroradiologists on how to navigate the current MOGAD and MS criteria. We suggest a strategy that includes useful imaging discriminators on standard clinical MRI and discuss imaging features detected by non-conventional MRI sequences that demonstrate promise in differentiating these two disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Geraldes
- NMO Service, Department of Neurology, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK.
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.
- Wexham Park Hospital, Frimley Health Foundation Trust, Slough, UK.
| | - Georgina Arrambide
- Neurology-Neuroimmunology Department, Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Brenda Banwell
- Division of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Àlex Rovira
- Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Cortese
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Hans Lassmann
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvia Messina
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
- Wexham Park Hospital, Frimley Health Foundation Trust, Slough, UK
| | - Mara Assunta Rocca
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrick Waters
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Declan Chard
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (CLH) Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Claudio Gasperini
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neurosciences, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Yael Hacohen
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Romina Mariano
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriele C DeLuca
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Christian Enzinger
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ludwig Kappos
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience, University Hospital and University, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Isabel Leite
- NMO Service, Department of Neurology, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Jaume Sastre-Garriga
- Neurology-Neuroimmunology Department, Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tarek Yousry
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Olga Ciccarelli
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- University College London Hospitals (UCLH) National Institute for Health and Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), London, UK
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Queen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jacqueline Palace
- NMO Service, Department of Neurology, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK.
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.
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Kim S, Eun MY, Lee JJ, Seok HY. Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Positive Patients Meeting the 2017 McDonald Criteria for Multiple Sclerosis: Challenges in Diagnosis and Treatment Decisions. Ann Neurol 2024; 95:415. [PMID: 38087803 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sohyeon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Yeon Eun
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Joon Lee
- Department of Neurology, Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hung Youl Seok
- Department of Neurology, Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Villacieros-Álvarez J, Espejo C, Cobo-Calvo Á. Reply to "Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Positive Patients Meeting the 2017 McDonald Criteria for Multiple Sclerosis: Challenges in Diagnosis and Treatment Decisions". Ann Neurol 2024; 95:415-416. [PMID: 38081749 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Villacieros-Álvarez
- Neurology-Neuroimmunology Department, Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Espejo
- Neurology-Neuroimmunology Department, Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Cobo-Calvo
- Neurology-Neuroimmunology Department, Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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