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Bury A, Pyle A, Vincent AE, Actis P, Hudson G. Nanobiopsy investigation of the subcellular mtDNA heteroplasmy in human tissues. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13789. [PMID: 38877095 PMCID: PMC11178779 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64455-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial function is critical to continued cellular vitality and is an important contributor to a growing number of human diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunction is typically heterogeneous, mediated through the clonal expansion of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants in a subset of cells in a given tissue. To date, our understanding of the dynamics of clonal expansion of mtDNA variants has been technically limited to the single cell-level. Here, we report the use of nanobiopsy for subcellular sampling from human tissues, combined with next-generation sequencing to assess subcellular mtDNA mutation load in human tissue from mitochondrial disease patients. The ability to map mitochondrial mutation loads within individual cells of diseased tissue samples will further our understanding of mitochondrial genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bury
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medical Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Bragg Centre for Materials Research, Leeds, UK
| | - Angela Pyle
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Amy E Vincent
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medical Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.
| | - Paolo Actis
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
- Bragg Centre for Materials Research, Leeds, UK.
| | - Gavin Hudson
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medical Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.
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2
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Minhas BF, Beck EA, Cheng CHC, Catchen J. Novel mitochondrial genome rearrangements including duplications and extensive heteroplasmy could underlie temperature adaptations in Antarctic notothenioid fishes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6939. [PMID: 37117267 PMCID: PMC10147917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34237-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial genomes are known for their compact size and conserved gene order, however, recent studies employing long-read sequencing technologies have revealed the presence of atypical mitogenomes in some species. In this study, we assembled and annotated the mitogenomes of five Antarctic notothenioids, including four icefishes (Champsocephalus gunnari, C. esox, Chaenocephalus aceratus, and Pseudochaenichthys georgianus) and the cold-specialized Trematomus borchgrevinki. Antarctic notothenioids are known to harbor some rearrangements in their mt genomes, however the extensive duplications in icefishes observed in our study have never been reported before. In the icefishes, we observed duplications of the protein coding gene ND6, two transfer RNAs, and the control region with different copy number variants present within the same individuals and with some ND6 duplications appearing to follow the canonical Duplication-Degeneration-Complementation (DDC) model in C. esox and C. gunnari. In addition, using long-read sequencing and k-mer analysis, we were able to detect extensive heteroplasmy in C. aceratus and C. esox. We also observed a large inversion in the mitogenome of T. borchgrevinki, along with the presence of tandem repeats in its control region. This study is the first in using long-read sequencing to assemble and identify structural variants and heteroplasmy in notothenioid mitogenomes and signifies the importance of long-reads in resolving complex mitochondrial architectures. Identification of such wide-ranging structural variants in the mitogenomes of these fishes could provide insight into the genetic basis of the atypical icefish mitochondrial physiology and more generally may provide insights about their potential role in cold adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Fazal Minhas
- Informatics Programs, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Emily A Beck
- Data Science Initiative, University of Oregon, Eugene, USA
| | - C-H Christina Cheng
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Julian Catchen
- Informatics Programs, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA.
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA.
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3
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Whitehall JC, Smith ALM, Greaves LC. Mitochondrial DNA Mutations and Ageing. Subcell Biochem 2023; 102:77-98. [PMID: 36600130 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21410-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are subcellular organelles present in most eukaryotic cells which play a significant role in numerous aspects of cell biology. These include carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism to generate cellular energy through oxidative phosphorylation, apoptosis, cell signalling, haem biosynthesis and reactive oxygen species production. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a feature of many human ageing tissues, and since the discovery that mitochondrial DNA mutations were a major underlying cause of changes in oxidative phosphorylation capacity, it has been proposed that they have a role in human ageing. However, there is still much debate on whether mitochondrial DNA mutations play a causal role in ageing or are simply a consequence of the ageing process. This chapter describes the structure of mammalian mitochondria, and the unique features of mitochondrial genetics, and reviews the current evidence surrounding the role of mitochondrial DNA mutations in the ageing process. It then focusses on more recent discoveries regarding the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in stem cell ageing and age-related inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C Whitehall
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anna L M Smith
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Laura C Greaves
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
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4
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Kowald A, Kemeth FP, Kirkwood TBL. An explanation of how mutant and wild-type mitochondria might stably co-exist in inherited mitochondrial diseases. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac192. [PMID: 36714863 PMCID: PMC9802247 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are cellular organelles of crucial relevance for the survival of metazoan organisms. Damage to the mitochondrial DNA can give rise to a variety of mitochondrial diseases and is thought also to be involved in the aging process. The fate of mtDNA mutants is controlled by their synthesis as well as degradation and mathematical models can help to better understand this complex interplay. We present here a model that combines a replicative advantage for mtDNA mutants with selective degradation enabled by mitochondrial fission and fusion processes. The model not only shows that the cell has efficient means to deal with (many) types of mutants but, surprisingly, also predicts that under certain conditions a stable co-existence of mutant and wild-type mtDNAs is possible. We discuss how this new finding might explain how mitochondria can be at the heart of processes with such different phenotypes as mitochondrial diseases and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felix P Kemeth
- Physik-Department, Nonequilibrium Chemical Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Tom B L Kirkwood
- UK National Innovation Centre for Ageing, The Catalyst, 3 Science Square, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5TG, UK,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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5
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Kimoloi S, Sen A, Guenther S, Braun T, Brügmann T, Sasse P, Wiesner RJ, Pla-Martín D, Baris OR. Combined fibre atrophy and decreased muscle regeneration capacity driven by mitochondrial DNA alterations underlie the development of sarcopenia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:2132-2145. [PMID: 35765148 PMCID: PMC9397496 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction caused by mitochondrial (mtDNA) deletions have been associated with skeletal muscle atrophy and myofibre loss. However, whether such defects occurring in myofibres cause sarcopenia is unclear. Also, the contribution of mtDNA alterations in muscle stem cells (MuSCs) to sarcopenia remains to be investigated. METHODS We expressed a dominant-negative variant of the mitochondrial helicase, which induces mtDNA alterations, specifically in differentiated myofibres (K320Eskm mice) and MuSCs (K320Emsc mice), respectively, and investigated their impact on muscle structure and function by immunohistochemistry, analysis of mtDNA and respiratory chain content, muscle transcriptome and functional tests. RESULTS K320Eskm mice at 24 months of age had higher levels of mtDNA deletions compared with controls in soleus (SOL, 0.07673% vs. 0.00015%, P = 0.0167), extensor digitorum longus (EDL, 0.0649 vs. 0.000925, P = 0.0015) and gastrocnemius (GAS, 0.09353 vs. 0.000425, P = 0.0004). K320Eskm mice revealed a progressive increase in the proportion of cytochrome c oxidase deficient (COX- ) fibres in skeletal muscle cross sections, reaching a maximum of 3.03%, 4.36%, 13.58%, and 17.08% in EDL, SOL, tibialis anterior (TA) and GAS, respectively. However, mice did not show accelerated loss of muscle mass, muscle strength or physical performance. Histological analyses revealed ragged red fibres but also stimulated regeneration, indicating activation of MuSCs. RNAseq demonstrated enhanced expression of genes associated with protein synthesis, but also degradation, as well as muscle fibre differentiation and cell proliferation. In contrast, 7 days after destruction by cardiotoxin, regenerating TA of K320Emsc mice showed 30% of COX- fibres. Notably, regenerated muscle showed dystrophic changes, increased fibrosis (2.5% vs. 1.6%, P = 0.0003), increased abundance of fat cells (2.76% vs. 0.23%, P = 0.0144) and reduced muscle mass (regenerated TA: 40.0 mg vs. 60.2 mg, P = 0.0171). In contrast to muscles from K320Eskm mice, freshly isolated MuSCs from aged K320Emsc mice were completely devoid of mtDNA alterations. However, after passaging, mtDNA copy number as well as respiratory chain subunits and p62 levels gradually decreased. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, accumulation of large-scale mtDNA alterations in myofibres alone is not sufficient to cause sarcopenia. Expression of K320E-Twinkle is tolerated in quiescent MuSCs, but progressively leads to mtDNA and respiratory chain depletion upon activation, in vivo and in vitro, possibly caused by an increased mitochondrial removal. Altogether, our results suggest that the accumulation of mtDNA alterations in myofibres activates regeneration during aging, which leads to sarcopenia if such alterations have expanded in MuSCs as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sammy Kimoloi
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Clinics, Köln, Germany.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya
| | - Ayesha Sen
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Clinics, Köln, Germany
| | - Stefan Guenther
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Tobias Brügmann
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Philipp Sasse
- Institute of Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rudolf J Wiesner
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Clinics, Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - David Pla-Martín
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Clinics, Köln, Germany
| | - Olivier R Baris
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Clinics, Köln, Germany.,Equipe MitoLab, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
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6
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Smith ALM, Whitehall JC, Greaves LC. Mitochondrial
DNA
mutations in aging and cancer. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3276-3294. [PMID: 35842901 PMCID: PMC9490137 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancing age is a major risk factor for malignant transformation and the development of cancer. As such, over 50% of neoplasms occur in individuals over the age of 70. The pathologies of both ageing and cancer have been characterized by respective groups of molecular hallmarks, and while some features are divergent between the two pathologies, several are shared. Perturbed mitochondrial function is one such common hallmark, and this observation therefore suggests that mitochondrial alterations may be of significance in age‐related cancer development. There is now considerable evidence documenting the accumulation of somatic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in ageing human postmitotic and replicative tissues. Similarly, mutations of the mitochondrial genome have been reported in human cancers for decades. The plethora of functions in which mitochondria partake, such as oxidative phosphorylation, redox balance, apoptosis and numerous biosynthetic pathways, manifests a variety of ways in which alterations in mtDNA may contribute to tumour growth. However, the specific mechanisms by which mtDNA mutations contribute to tumour progression remain elusive and often contradictory. This review aims to consolidate current knowledge and describe future direction within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna LM Smith
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Biosciences Institute Newcastle University Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH UK
| | - Julia C Whitehall
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Biosciences Institute Newcastle University Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH UK
| | - Laura C Greaves
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Biosciences Institute Newcastle University Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH UK
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7
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Lambert-Smith IA, Saunders DN, Yerbury JJ. Progress in biophysics and molecular biology proteostasis impairment and ALS. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 174:3-27. [PMID: 35716729 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease that results from the loss of both upper and lower motor neurons. It is the most common motor neuron disease and currently has no effective treatment. There is mounting evidence to suggest that disturbances in proteostasis play a significant role in ALS pathogenesis. Proteostasis is the maintenance of the proteome at the right level, conformation and location to allow a cell to perform its intended function. In this review, we present a thorough synthesis of the literature that provides evidence that genetic mutations associated with ALS cause imbalance to a proteome that is vulnerable to such pressure due to its metastable nature. We propose that the mechanism underlying motor neuron death caused by defects in mRNA metabolism and protein degradation pathways converges on proteostasis dysfunction. We propose that the proteostasis network may provide an effective target for therapeutic development in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella A Lambert-Smith
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Darren N Saunders
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Justin J Yerbury
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
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8
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Strategies to Improve the Efficiency of Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041969. [PMID: 35216087 PMCID: PMC8879641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian oocytes can reprogram differentiated somatic cells into a totipotent state through somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), which is known as cloning. Although many mammalian species have been successfully cloned, the majority of cloned embryos failed to develop to term, resulting in the overall cloning efficiency being still low. There are many factors contributing to the cloning success. Aberrant epigenetic reprogramming is a major cause for the developmental failure of cloned embryos and abnormalities in the cloned offspring. Numerous research groups attempted multiple strategies to technically improve each step of the SCNT procedure and rescue abnormal epigenetic reprogramming by modulating DNA methylation and histone modifications, overexpression or repression of embryonic-related genes, etc. Here, we review the recent approaches for technical SCNT improvement and ameliorating epigenetic modifications in donor cells, oocytes, and cloned embryos in order to enhance cloning efficiency.
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9
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Wong L, Duque G, McMahon LP. Sarcopenia and Frailty: Challenges in Mainstream Nephrology Practice. Kidney Int Rep 2021; 6:2554-2564. [PMID: 34622096 PMCID: PMC8484128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2021.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia and frailty are prevalent in the chronic kidney disease (CKD) population. Sarcopenia is characterised by the loss of muscle mass and function, while frailty is defined as a multi-system impairment associated with increased vulnerability to stressors. There is substantial overlap between the 2 conditions, particularly with regards to physical aspects: low grip strength, gait speed and low muscle mass. Both sarcopenia and frailty have been associated with a wide range of adverse health outcomes. Although there is no recommended pharmacological treatment as yet, it is widely accepted that exercise training and nutritional supplementation are the key interventions to maintain skeletal muscle mass and strength. This review aims to present a comprehensive overview of sarcopenia and frailty in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limy Wong
- Eastern Health Integrated Renal Service, Box Hill Hospital, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Renal Medicine, Monash University Eastern Health Clinical School, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lawrence P McMahon
- Eastern Health Integrated Renal Service, Box Hill Hospital, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Renal Medicine, Monash University Eastern Health Clinical School, Victoria, Australia
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10
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Some older people living with HIV (PLWH) exhibit features of unsuccessful ageing, such as frailty. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the best characterized ageing mechanisms. There has been recent interest in whether some people ageing with HIV may have an excess of mitochondrial dysfunction. This review aims to address this question through: analogy with ageing and chronic disease; discussion of the key unknowns; suggested ways that measures of mitochondrial dysfunction might be incorporated into HIV research studies. RECENT FINDINGS Recent data suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction in PLWH may not be wholly a legacy effect of historical nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor exposures. Research in the non-HIV setting has altered our understanding of the important mediators of mitochondrial dysfunction in ageing. SUMMARY Mitochondrial dysfunction is a very plausible driver of adverse ageing phenotypes in some older PLWH. As such it may be a target for therapeutic interventions. Currently, however, there remain considerable uncertainties around the extent of this phenomenon, and its relative importance. Current studies are likely to clarify these questions over the next few years.
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11
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Central nervous system (CNS) transcriptomic correlates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) brain RNA load in HIV-infected individuals. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12176. [PMID: 34108514 PMCID: PMC8190104 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
To generate new mechanistic hypotheses on the pathogenesis and disease progression of neuroHIV and identify novel therapeutic targets to improve neuropsychological function in people with HIV, we investigated host genes and pathway dysregulations associated with brain HIV RNA load in gene expression profiles of the frontal cortex, basal ganglia, and white matter of HIV+ patients. Pathway analyses showed that host genes correlated with HIV expression in all three brain regions were predominantly related to inflammation, neurodegeneration, and bioenergetics. HIV RNA load directly correlated particularly with inflammation genesets representative of cytokine signaling, and this was more prominent in white matter and the basal ganglia. Increases in interferon signaling were correlated with high brain HIV RNA load in the basal ganglia and the white matter although not in the frontal cortex. Brain HIV RNA load was inversely correlated with genesets that are indicative of neuronal and synaptic genes, particularly in the cortex, indicative of synaptic injury and neurodegeneration. Brain HIV RNA load was inversely correlated with genesets that are representative of oxidative phosphorylation, electron transfer, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle in all three brain regions. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the toxicity of some antiretrovirals, and these results indicate that mitochondrial dysfunction is also associated with productive HIV infection. Genes and pathways correlated with brain HIV RNA load suggest potential therapeutic targets to ameliorate neuropsychological functioning in people living with HIV.
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12
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Merlet AN, Féasson L, Bartolucci P, Hourdé C, Schwalm C, Gellen B, Galactéros F, Deldicque L, Francaux M, Messonnier LA. Muscle structural, energetic and functional benefits of endurance exercise training in sickle cell disease. Am J Hematol 2020; 95:1257-1268. [PMID: 32681734 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) patients display skeletal muscle hypotrophy, altered oxidative capacity, exercise intolerance and poor quality of life. We previously demonstrated that moderate-intensity endurance training is beneficial for improving muscle function and quality of life of patients. The present study evaluated the effects of this moderate-intensity endurance training program on skeletal muscle structural and metabolic properties. Of the 40 randomized SCD patients, complete data sets were obtained from 33. The training group (n = 15) followed a personalized moderate-intensity endurance training program, while the non-training (n = 18) group maintained a normal lifestyle. Biopsies of the vastus lateralis muscle and submaximal incremental cycling tests were performed before and after the training program. Endurance training increased type I muscle fiber surface area (P = .038), oxidative enzyme activity [citrate synthase, P < .001; β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, P = .009; type-I fiber cytochrome c oxidase, P = .042; respiratory chain complex IV, P = .017] and contents of respiratory chain complexes I (P = .049), III (P = .005), IV (P = .003) and V (P = .002). Respiratory frequency, respiratory exchange ratio, blood lactate concentration and rating of perceived exertion were all lower at a given submaximal power output after training vs non-training group (all P < .05). The muscle content of proteins involved in glucose transport and pH regulation were unchanged in the training group relative to the non-training group. The moderate-intensity endurance exercise program improved exercise capacity and muscle structural and oxidative properties. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02571088.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angèle N. Merlet
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet Saint‐Etienne France
| | - Léonard Féasson
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet Saint‐Etienne France
- Unité de Myologie, Service de Physiologie Clinique et de l'Exercice Hôpital Universitaire de Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
| | - Pablo Bartolucci
- Service de Médecine Interne Hôpital Henri‐Mondor (AP‐HP), Université Paris‐Est Créteil (UPEC) Créteil France
- Service de Santé Publique Hôpital Henri‐Mondor (AP‐HP), Université Paris‐Est Créteil Créteil France
| | - Christophe Hourdé
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité Université Savoie Mont Blanc Chambéry France
| | - Céline Schwalm
- Institute of Neuroscience Université Catholique de Louvain Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
| | - Barnabas Gellen
- Service de Réhabilitation Cardiaque Hôpital Henri‐Mondor (Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris [APHP]) Créteil France
| | - Frédéric Galactéros
- Service de Santé Publique Hôpital Henri‐Mondor (AP‐HP), Université Paris‐Est Créteil Créteil France
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité Université Savoie Mont Blanc Chambéry France
| | - Louise Deldicque
- Institute of Neuroscience Université Catholique de Louvain Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
| | - Marc Francaux
- Institute of Neuroscience Université Catholique de Louvain Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
| | - Laurent A. Messonnier
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité Université Savoie Mont Blanc Chambéry France
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13
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Decoding mitochondrial heterogeneity in single muscle fibres by imaging mass cytometry. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15336. [PMID: 32948797 PMCID: PMC7501294 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70885-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of skeletal muscle continues to support the accurate diagnosis of mitochondrial disease and remains important in delineating molecular disease mechanisms. The heterogeneous expression of oxidative phosphorylation proteins and resulting respiratory deficiency are both characteristic findings in mitochondrial disease, hence the rigorous assessment of these at a single cell level is incredibly powerful. Currently, the number of proteins that can be assessed in individual fibres from a single section by immunohistochemistry is limited but imaging mass cytometry (IMC) enables the quantification of further, discrete proteins in individual cells. We have developed a novel workflow and bespoke analysis for applying IMC in skeletal muscle biopsies from patients with genetically-characterised mitochondrial disease, investigating the distribution of nine mitochondrial proteins in thousands of single muscle fibres. Using a semi-automated analysis pipeline, we demonstrate the accurate quantification of protein levels using IMC, providing an accurate measure of oxidative phosphorylation deficiency for complexes I-V at the single cell level. We demonstrate signatures of oxidative phosphorylation deficiency for common mtDNA variants and nuclear-encoded complex I variants and a compensatory upregulation of unaffected oxidative phosphorylation components. This technique can now be universally applied to evaluate a wide range of skeletal muscle disorders and protein targets.
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14
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Yarnall AJ, Granic A, Waite S, Hollingsworth KG, Warren C, Vincent AE, Turnbull DM, Taylor RW, Dodds RM, Sayer AA. The feasibility of muscle mitochondrial respiratory chain phenotyping across the cognitive spectrum in Parkinson's disease. Exp Gerontol 2020; 138:110997. [PMID: 32554091 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There has been little work on the relationship between sarcopenia, a progressive skeletal muscle disorder, and age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine: 1) the feasibility of characterizing skeletal muscle across a range of cognitive function in PD; 2) if muscle mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) function and content are preserved in older adults with PD. METHODS Sarcopenia was defined using handgrip strength, chair rise and bioimpedance analysis. MRC function was assessed using phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) by estimating τ1/2 PCr (s) (phosphocreatine half-time recovery) in the calf muscles following a bout of aerobic exercise. Biopsy of the vastus lateralis muscle was performed, and MRC content assessed by fluorescent immunohistochemistry for porin and components of MRC Complexes I and IV. RESULTS Nine participants (78% male; mean age 79.9; PD duration 3.3 years) were recruited. Four had cognitive impairment. Six participants had probable sarcopenia. Eight participants completed MRS and had mean (SD) τ1/2 PCr of 37.8 (7.6) seconds, suggesting preserved mitochondrial function. Muscle biopsies were obtained in all and the procedure was well tolerated. Porin Z-score, a proxy for mitochondrial mass, was lower than expected compared to controls (0-89% of fibres with low porin). There was a small amount of Complex I (0.16-4.59%) and Complex IV (0-3.79%) deficiency. CONCLUSIONS Detailed phenotyping, muscle biopsy and imaging was feasible and acceptable across a spectrum of cognitive function in PD. Sarcopenia was relatively common and may be associated with lower mitochondrial mass and low levels of MRC deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Yarnall
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Antoneta Granic
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha Waite
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Kieren G Hollingsworth
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Newcastle Magnetic Resonance Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Warren
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Amy E Vincent
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Newcastle NHS Highly Specialised Mitochondrial Diagnostic Laboratory, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Newcastle NHS Highly Specialised Mitochondrial Diagnostic Laboratory, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M Dodds
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Avan A Sayer
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
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15
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Lawless C, Greaves L, Reeve AK, Turnbull DM, Vincent AE. The rise and rise of mitochondrial DNA mutations. Open Biol 2020; 10:200061. [PMID: 32428418 PMCID: PMC7276526 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
How mitochondrial DNA mutations clonally expand in an individual cell is a question that has perplexed mitochondrial biologists for decades. A growing body of literature indicates that mitochondrial DNA mutations play a major role in ageing, metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, neuromuscular disorders and cancers. Importantly, this process of clonal expansion occurs for both inherited and somatic mitochondrial DNA mutations. To complicate matters further there are fundamental differences between mitochondrial DNA point mutations and deletions, and between mitotic and post-mitotic cells, that impact this pathogenic process. These differences, along with the challenges of investigating a longitudinal process occurring over decades in humans, have so far hindered progress towards understanding clonal expansion. Here we summarize our current understanding of the clonal expansion of mitochondrial DNA mutations in different tissues and highlight key unanswered questions. We then discuss the various existing biological models, along with their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, we explore what has been achieved with mathematical modelling so far and suggest future work to advance this important area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Doug M. Turnbull
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Amy E. Vincent
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE2 4HH, UK
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16
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Khaltourina D, Matveyev Y, Alekseev A, Cortese F, Ioviţă A. Aging Fits the Disease Criteria of the International Classification of Diseases. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 189:111230. [PMID: 32251691 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The disease criteria used by the World Health Organization (WHO) were applied to human biological aging in order to assess whether aging can be classified as a disease. These criteria were developed for the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and included disease diagnostics, mechanisms, course and outcomes, known interventions, and linkage to genetic and environmental factors. RESULTS: Biological aging can be diagnosed with frailty indices, functional, blood-based biomarkers. A number of major causal mechanisms of human aging involved in various organs have been described, such as inflammation, replicative cellular senescence, immune senescence, proteostasis failures, mitochondrial dysfunctions, fibrotic propensity, hormonal aging, body composition changes, etc. We identified a number of clinically proven interventions, as well as genetic and environmental factors of aging. Therefore, aging fits the ICD-11 criteria and can be considered a disease. Our proposal was submitted to the ICD-11 Joint Task force, and this led to the inclusion of the extension code for "Ageing-related" (XT9T) into the "Causality" section of the ICD-11. This might lead to greater focus on biological aging in global health policy and might provide for more opportunities for the new therapy developers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Khaltourina
- Department of Risk Factor Prevention, Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Dobrolyubova St. 11, Moscow, 127254, Russia; International Longevity Alliance, 19 avenue Jean Jaurès, Sceaux, 92330, France.
| | - Yuri Matveyev
- Research Lab, Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute, Schepkina St. 61/2 k.1, Moscow, 129110, Russia
| | - Aleksey Alekseev
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, GSP-1, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Franco Cortese
- Biogerontology Research Foundation, Apt 2354 Chynoweth House, Trevissome Park, Truro, London, TR4 8UN, UK
| | - Anca Ioviţă
- International Longevity Alliance, 19 avenue Jean Jaurès, Sceaux, 92330, France
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17
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van den Ameele J, Li AY, Ma H, Chinnery PF. Mitochondrial heteroplasmy beyond the oocyte bottleneck. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 97:156-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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18
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Kauppila JHK, Bonekamp NA, Mourier A, Isokallio MA, Just A, Kauppila TES, Stewart JB, Larsson NG. Base-excision repair deficiency alone or combined with increased oxidative stress does not increase mtDNA point mutations in mice. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:6642-6669. [PMID: 29860357 PMCID: PMC6061787 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations become more prevalent with age and are postulated to contribute to the ageing process. Point mutations of mtDNA have been suggested to originate from two main sources, i.e. replicative errors and oxidative damage, but the contribution of each of these processes is much discussed. To elucidate the origin of mtDNA mutations, we measured point mutation load in mice with deficient mitochondrial base-excision repair (BER) caused by knockout alleles preventing mitochondrial import of the DNA repair glycosylases OGG1 and MUTYH (Ogg1 dMTS, Mutyh dMTS). Surprisingly, we detected no increase in the mtDNA mutation load in old Ogg1 dMTS mice. As DNA repair is especially important in the germ line, we bred the BER deficient mice for five consecutive generations but found no increase in the mtDNA mutation load in these maternal lineages. To increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and oxidative damage, we bred the Ogg1 dMTS mice with tissue specific Sod2 knockout mice. Although increased superoxide levels caused a plethora of changes in mitochondrial function, we did not detect any changes in the mutation load of mtDNA or mtRNA. Our results show that the importance of oxidative damage as a contributor of mtDNA mutations should be re-evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna H K Kauppila
- Department of Mitochondrial Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nina A Bonekamp
- Department of Mitochondrial Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Arnaud Mourier
- Université de Bordeaux and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires UMR 5095, Saint-Saëns, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marita A Isokallio
- Department of Mitochondrial Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexandra Just
- FACS & Imaging Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Timo E S Kauppila
- Department of Mitochondrial Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - James B Stewart
- Department of Mitochondrial Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nils-Göran Larsson
- Department of Mitochondrial Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Nilsson MI, Tarnopolsky MA. Mitochondria and Aging-The Role of Exercise as a Countermeasure. BIOLOGY 2019; 8:biology8020040. [PMID: 31083586 PMCID: PMC6627948 DOI: 10.3390/biology8020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria orchestrate the life and death of most eukaryotic cells by virtue of their ability to supply adenosine triphosphate from aerobic respiration for growth, development, and maintenance of the ‘physiologic reserve’. Although their double-membrane structure and primary role as ‘powerhouses of the cell’ have essentially remained the same for ~2 billion years, they have evolved to regulate other cell functions that contribute to the aging process, such as reactive oxygen species generation, inflammation, senescence, and apoptosis. Biological aging is characterized by buildup of intracellular debris (e.g., oxidative damage, protein aggregates, and lipofuscin), which fuels a ‘vicious cycle’ of cell/DNA danger response activation (CDR and DDR, respectively), chronic inflammation (‘inflammaging’), and progressive cell deterioration. Therapeutic options that coordinately mitigate age-related declines in mitochondria and organelles involved in quality control, repair, and recycling are therefore highly desirable. Rejuvenation by exercise is a non-pharmacological approach that targets all the major hallmarks of aging and extends both health- and lifespan in modern humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats I Nilsson
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
- Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.
| | - Mark A Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
- Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.
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21
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Srirattana K, St John JC. Transmission of Dysfunctional Mitochondrial DNA and Its Implications for Mammalian Reproduction. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, AND CELL BIOLOGY 2019; 231:75-103. [PMID: 30617719 DOI: 10.1007/102_2018_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes proteins for the electron transport chain which produces the vast majority of cellular energy. MtDNA has its own replication and transcription machinery that relies on nuclear-encoded transcription and replication factors. MtDNA is inherited in a non-Mendelian fashion as maternal-only mtDNA is passed onto the next generation. Mutation to mtDNA can cause mitochondrial dysfunction, which affects energy production and tissue and organ function. In somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), there is an issue with the mixing of two populations of mtDNA, namely from the donor cell and recipient oocyte. This review focuses on the transmission of mtDNA in SCNT embryos and offspring. The transmission of donor cell mtDNA can be prevented by depleting the donor cell of its mtDNA using mtDNA depletion agents prior to SCNT. As a result, SCNT embryos harbour oocyte-only mtDNA. Moreover, culturing SCNT embryos derived from mtDNA depleted cells in media supplemented with a nuclear reprograming agent can increase the levels of expression of genes related to embryo development when compared with non-depleted cell-derived embryos. Furthermore, we have reviewed how mitochondrial supplementation in oocytes can have beneficial effects for SCNT embryos by increasing mtDNA copy number and the levels of expression of genes involved in energy production and decreasing the levels of expression of genes involved in embryonic cell death. Notably, there are beneficial effects of mtDNA supplementation over the use of nuclear reprograming agents in terms of regulating gene expression in embryos. Taken together, manipulating mtDNA in donor cells and/or oocytes prior to SCNT could enhance embryo production efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokwan Srirattana
- Mitochondrial Genetics Group, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Justin C St John
- Mitochondrial Genetics Group, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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22
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Reversing wrinkled skin and hair loss in mice by restoring mitochondrial function. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:735. [PMID: 30026579 PMCID: PMC6053453 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0765-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion is involved in mtDNA depletion syndromes, mitochondrial diseases, aging and aging-associated chronic diseases, and other human pathologies. To evaluate the consequences of depletion of mtDNA in the whole animal, we created an inducible mtDNA-depleter mouse expressing, in the polymerase domain of POLG1, a dominant-negative mutation to induce depletion of mtDNA in various tissues. These mice showed reduced mtDNA content, reduced mitochondrial gene expression, and instability of supercomplexes involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) resulting in reduced OXPHOS enzymatic activities. We demonstrate that ubiquitous depletion of mtDNA in mice leads to predominant and profound effects on the skin resulting in wrinkles and visual hair loss with an increased number of dysfunctional hair follicles and inflammatory responses. Development of skin wrinkle was associated with the significant epidermal hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases, and decreased expression of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor TIMP1. We also discovered markedly increased skin inflammation that appears to be a contributing factor in skin pathology. Histopathologic analyses revealed dysfunctional hair follicles. mtDNA-depleter mice also show changes in expression of aging-associated markers including IGF1R, KLOTHO, VEGF, and MRPS5. mtDNA-repleter mice showed that, by turning off the mutant POLG1 transgene expression, mitochondrial function, as well as the skin and hair pathology, is reversed to wild-type level. To our knowledge that restoration of mitochondrial functions can reverse the skin and hair pathology is unprecedented.
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23
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Rebelo-Marques A, De Sousa Lages A, Andrade R, Ribeiro CF, Mota-Pinto A, Carrilho F, Espregueira-Mendes J. Aging Hallmarks: The Benefits of Physical Exercise. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:258. [PMID: 29887832 PMCID: PMC5980968 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
World population has been continuously increasing and progressively aging. Aging is characterized by a complex and intraindividual process associated with nine major cellular and molecular hallmarks, namely, genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, a loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication. This review exposes the positive antiaging impact of physical exercise at the cellular level, highlighting its specific role in attenuating the aging effects of each hallmark. Exercise should be seen as a polypill, which improves the health-related quality of life and functional capabilities while mitigating physiological changes and comorbidities associated with aging. To achieve a framework of effective physical exercise interventions on aging, further research on its benefits and the most effective strategies is encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Rebelo-Marques
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clínica do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre – FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal
- Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adriana De Sousa Lages
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Renato Andrade
- Clínica do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre – FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal
- Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | - Francisco Carrilho
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Espregueira-Mendes
- Clínica do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre – FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal
- Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal
- 3B’s Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
- Orthopaedics Department of Minho University, Minho, Portugal
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24
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Srirattana K, St John JC. Additional mitochondrial DNA influences the interactions between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes in a bovine embryo model of nuclear transfer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7246. [PMID: 29740154 PMCID: PMC5940817 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25516-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We generated cattle embryos using mitochondrial supplementation and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), named miNT, to determine how additional mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) modulates the nuclear genome. To eliminate any confounding effects from somatic cell mtDNA in intraspecies SCNT, donor cell mtDNA was depleted prior to embryo production. Additional oocyte mtDNA did not affect embryo development rates but increased mtDNA copy number in blastocyst stage embryos. Moreover, miNT-derived blastocysts had different gene expression profiles when compared with SCNT-derived blastocysts. Additional mtDNA increased expression levels of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, cell cycle and DNA repair. Supplementing the embryo culture media with a histone deacetylase inhibitor, Trichostatin A (TSA), had no beneficial effects on the development of miNT-derived embryos, unlike SCNT-derived embryos. When compared with SCNT-derived blastocysts cultured in the presence of TSA, additional mtDNA alone had beneficial effects as the activity of glycolysis may increase and embryonic cell death may decrease. However, these beneficial effects were not found with additional mtDNA and TSA together, suggesting that additional mtDNA alone enhances reprogramming. In conclusion, additional mtDNA increased mtDNA copy number and expression levels of genes involved in energy production and embryo development in blastocyst stage embryos emphasising the importance of nuclear-mitochondrial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokwan Srirattana
- Centre for Genetic Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Justin C St John
- Centre for Genetic Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
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25
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Campa D, Barrdahl M, Santoro A, Severi G, Baglietto L, Omichessan H, Tumino R, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Peeters PH, Weiderpass E, Chirlaque MD, Rodríguez-Barranco M, Agudo A, Gunter M, Dossus L, Krogh V, Matullo G, Trichopoulou A, Travis RC, Canzian F, Kaaks R. Mitochondrial DNA copy number variation, leukocyte telomere length, and breast cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Breast Cancer Res 2018; 20:29. [PMID: 29665866 PMCID: PMC5905156 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-0955-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) copy number and deletions have been proposed as risk markers for various cancer types, including breast cancer (BC). METHODS To gain a more comprehensive picture on how these markers can modulate BC risk, alone or in conjunction, we performed simultaneous measurements of LTL and mtDNA copy number in up to 570 BC cases and 538 controls from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. As a first step, we measured LTL and mtDNA copy number in 96 individuals for which a blood sample had been collected twice with an interval of 15 years. RESULTS According to the intraclass correlation (ICC), we found very good stability over the time period for both measurements, with ICCs of 0.63 for LTL and 0.60 for mtDNA copy number. In the analysis of the entire study sample, we observed that longer LTL was strongly associated with increased risk of BC (OR 2.71, 95% CI 1.58-4.65, p = 3.07 × 10- 4 for highest vs. lowest quartile; OR 3.20, 95% CI 1.57-6.55, p = 1.41 × 10- 3 as a continuous variable). We did not find any association between mtDNA copy number and BC risk; however, when considering only the functional copies, we observed an increased risk of developing estrogen receptor-positive BC (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.05-5.80, p = 0.04 for highest vs. lowest quartile). CONCLUSIONS We observed a very good correlation between the markers over a period of 15 years. We confirm a role of LTL in BC carcinogenesis and suggest an effect of mtDNA copy number on BC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Campa
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Myrto Barrdahl
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center/Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Centre de Recherche en épidémiologie et Santé des populations (CESP), Faculté de médecine - Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de médecine - Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Laura Baglietto
- Centre de Recherche en épidémiologie et Santé des populations (CESP), Faculté de médecine - Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de médecine - Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Hanane Omichessan
- Centre de Recherche en épidémiologie et Santé des populations (CESP), Faculté de médecine - Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de médecine - Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Department, “Civic - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale Di Ragusa, Ragusa, Italy
| | - H. B(as). Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St. Mary’s Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG UK
- Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Pantai Valley, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Petra H. Peeters
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Medical Research Council-Public Health England (MRC-PHE) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria-Dolores Chirlaque
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Catalan Institute of Oncology, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Gunter
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Laure Dossus
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Vittorio Krogh
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS)-Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian, 120133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matullo
- Department Medical Sciences, University of Torino and Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Torino, Italy
| | | | - Ruth C. Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 0NR UK
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center/Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center/Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Resolving the Enigma of the Clonal Expansion of mtDNA Deletions. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9030126. [PMID: 29495484 PMCID: PMC5867847 DOI: 10.3390/genes9030126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are cell organelles that are special since they contain their own genetic material in the form of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Damage and mutations of mtDNA are not only involved in several inherited human diseases but are also widely thought to play an important role during aging. In both cases, point mutations or large deletions accumulate inside cells, leading to functional impairment once a certain threshold has been surpassed. In most cases, it is a single type of mutant that clonally expands and out-competes the wild type mtDNA, with different mutant molecules being amplified in different cells. The challenge is to explain where the selection advantage for the accumulation comes from, why such a large range of different deletions seem to possess this advantage, and how this process can scale to species with different lifespans such as those of rats and man. From this perspective, we provide an overview of current ideas, present an update of our own proposal, and discuss the wider relevance of the phenomenon for aging.
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Barnouin Y, McPhee JS, Butler‐Browne G, Bosutti A, De Vito G, Jones DA, Narici M, Behin A, Hogrel J, Degens H. Coupling between skeletal muscle fiber size and capillarization is maintained during healthy aging. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2017; 8:647-659. [PMID: 28382740 PMCID: PMC5566646 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As muscle capillarization is related to the oxidative capacity of the muscle and the size of muscle fibres, capillary rarefaction may contribute to sarcopenia and functional impairment in older adults. Therefore, it is important to assess how ageing affects muscle capillarization and the interrelationship between fibre capillary supply with the oxidative capacity and size of the fibres. METHODS Muscle biopsies from healthy recreationally active young (22 years; 14 men and 5 women) and older (74 years; 22 men and 6 women) people were assessed for muscle capillarization and the distribution of capillaries with the method of capillary domains. Oxidative capacity of muscle fibres was assessed with quantitative histochemistry for succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity. RESULTS There was no significant age-related reduction in muscle fibre oxidative capacity. Despite 18% type II fibre atrophy (P = 0.019) and 23% fewer capillaries per fibre (P < 0.002) in the old people, there was no significant difference in capillary distribution between young and old people, irrespective of sex. The capillary supply to a fibre was primarily determined by fibre size and only to a small extent by oxidative capacity, irrespective of age and sex. Based on SDH, the maximal oxygen consumption supported by a capillary did not differ significantly between young and old people. CONCLUSIONS The similar quantitative and qualitative distribution of capillaries within muscle from healthy recreationally active older people and young adults indicates that the age-related capillary rarefaction, which does occur, nevertheless maintains the coupling between skeletal muscle fibre size and capillarization during healthy ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoann Barnouin
- School of Healthcare ScienceManchester Metropolitan UniversityChester StreetManchesterM1 5GDUK
| | - Jamie S. McPhee
- School of Healthcare ScienceManchester Metropolitan UniversityChester StreetManchesterM1 5GDUK
| | - Gillian Butler‐Browne
- Institut de Myologie, UPMC UM 76, INSERM U 974, CNRS UMR 7215Pitle‐Salpetriere Hospital47‐83 Boulevard de l'Hopital 75013ParisFrance
| | - Alessandra Bosutti
- School of Healthcare ScienceManchester Metropolitan UniversityChester StreetManchesterM1 5GDUK
- Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e della SaluteUniversity of Trieste, Cattinara HospitalStrada di Fiume 44734149TriesteItaly
| | - Giuseppe De Vito
- Physiotherapy & Sports Science, Health Sciences CentreSchool of Public HealthBelfieldDublin 4D04 V1W8Ireland
| | - David A. Jones
- School of Healthcare ScienceManchester Metropolitan UniversityChester StreetManchesterM1 5GDUK
| | - Marco Narici
- Division of Medical Sciences & Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, MRC‐ARUK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Derby Royal HospitalUniversity of NottinghamUttoxeter RoadDerbyDE22 3DTUK
| | - Anthony Behin
- AP‐HP—Centre de Référence de Pathologies Neuromusculaire Paris Est—Institut de MyologieParisFrance
| | - Jean‐Yves Hogrel
- Institut de Myologie, UPMC UM 76, INSERM U 974, CNRS UMR 7215Pitle‐Salpetriere Hospital47‐83 Boulevard de l'Hopital 75013ParisFrance
| | - Hans Degens
- School of Healthcare ScienceManchester Metropolitan UniversityChester StreetManchesterM1 5GDUK
- Lithuanian Sports University6 Sporto StLT‐44221KaunasLithuania
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rhEPO Enhances Cellular Anti-oxidant Capacity to Protect Long-Term Cultured Aging Primary Nerve Cells. J Mol Neurosci 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-0937-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abstract
Mitochondria were first postulated to contribute to aging more than 40 years ago. During the following decades, multiple lines of evidence in model organisms and humans showed that impaired mitochondrial function can contribute to age-associated disease phenotypes and aging. However, in contrast to the original theory favoring oxidative damage as a cause for mtDNA mutations, there are now strong data arguing that most mammalian mtDNA mutations originate as replication errors made by the mtDNA polymerase. Currently, a substantial amount of mitochondrial research is focused on finding ways to either remove or counteract the effects of mtDNA mutations with the hope of extending the human health- and lifespan. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the formation of mtDNA mutations and their impact on mitochondrial function. We also critically discuss proposed pathways interlinked with mammalian mtDNA mutations and suggest future research strategies to elucidate the role of mtDNA mutations in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo E S Kauppila
- Department of Mitochondrial Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Johanna H K Kauppila
- Department of Mitochondrial Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Nils-Göran Larsson
- Department of Mitochondrial Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, D-50931 Cologne, Germany; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Nurkovic J, Volarevic V, Lako M, Armstrong L, Arsenijevic N, Stojkovic M. Aging of Stem and Progenitor Cells: Mechanisms, Impact on Therapeutic Potential, and Rejuvenation. Rejuvenation Res 2016; 19:3-12. [PMID: 26055182 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2015.1676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It was once suggested that adult or tissue-specific stem cells may be immortal; however, several recently published data suggest that their efficacy is limited by natural aging in common with most other somatic cell types. Decreased activity of stem cells in old age raises questions as to whether the age of the donor should be considered during stem cell transplantation and at what age the donor stem cells should be harvested to ensure the largest possible number of viable, functional, and non-altered stem cells. Although stem cells remain active into old age, changes in stem cells and their microenvironments inhibit their regenerative potential. The impact of aging on stem cell populations differs between tissues and depends on a number intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including systemic changes associated with immune system alterations. In this review, we describe key mechanisms of stem and progenitor cell aging and techniques that are currently used to identify signs of stem cells aging. Furthermore, we focus on the impact of aging on the capacity for proliferation, differentiation, and clinical use of stem cells. Finally, we detail the aging of embryonic, mesenchymal, and induced pluripotent stem cells, with particular emphasis on aging mechanisms and rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Nurkovic
- 1 Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar , Novi Pazar, Serbia
| | - Vladislav Volarevic
- 2 Centre for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Majlinda Lako
- 3 Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lyle Armstrong
- 3 Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Nebojsa Arsenijevic
- 2 Centre for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Miodrag Stojkovic
- 2 Centre for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac, Serbia .,4 Spebo Medical , Leskovac, Serbia
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Rathbun MM, McElhoe JA, Parson W, Holland MM. Considering DNA damage when interpreting mtDNA heteroplasmy in deep sequencing data. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2016; 26:1-11. [PMID: 27718383 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Resolution of mitochondrial (mt) DNA heteroplasmy is now possible when applying a massively parallel sequencing (MPS) approach, including minor components down to 1%. However, reporting thresholds and interpretation criteria will need to be established for calling heteroplasmic variants that address a number of important topics, one of which is DNA damage. We assessed the impact of increasing amounts of DNA damage on the interpretation of minor component sequence variants in the mtDNA control region, including low-level mixed sites. A passive approach was used to evaluate the impact of storage conditions, and an active approach was employed to accelerate the process of hydrolytic damage (for example, replication errors associated with depurination events). The patterns of damage were compared and assessed in relation to damage typically encountered in poor quality samples. As expected, the number of miscoding lesions increased as conditions worsened. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with miscoding lesions were indistinguishable from innate heteroplasmy and were most often observed as 1-2% of the total sequencing reads. Numerous examples of miscoding lesions above 2% were identified, including two complete changes in the nucleotide sequence, presenting a challenge when assessing the placement of reporting thresholds for heteroplasmy. To mitigate the impact, replication of miscoding lesions was not observed in stored samples, and was rarely seen in data associated with accelerated hydrolysis. In addition, a significant decrease in the expected transition:transversion ratio was observed, providing a useful tool for predicting the presence of damage-induced lesions. The results of this study directly impact MPS analysis of minor sequence variants from poorly preserved DNA extracts, and when biological samples have been exposed to agents that induce DNA damage. These findings are particularly relevant to clinical and forensic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly M Rathbun
- Forensic Science Program, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, The Pennsylvania State University, 014 Thomas Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Jennifer A McElhoe
- Forensic Science Program, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, The Pennsylvania State University, 014 Thomas Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Walther Parson
- Forensic Science Program, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, The Pennsylvania State University, 014 Thomas Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States; The Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Muellerstrasse 44, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mitchell M Holland
- Forensic Science Program, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, The Pennsylvania State University, 014 Thomas Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
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Roos S, Fyhr IM, Sunnerhagen KS, Moslemi AR, Oldfors A, Ullman M. Histopathological changes in skeletal muscle associated with chronic ischaemia. APMIS 2016; 124:935-941. [PMID: 27539941 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Muscle biopsy is an essential part in the diagnostic workup in patients with suspected neuromuscular disorders. It is therefore important to be aware of morphological alterations that can be caused by systemic factors or natural ageing. Chronic limb ischaemia is frequent in elderly individuals. This study was performed to examine histopathological and mitochondrial changes in muscle in patients with chronic critical limb ischaemia. Muscle biopsy of skeletal muscle of the lower limb of patients with chronic ischaemia leading to amputation was performed and compared with muscle biopsies of healthy, age-matched controls. The histopathological abnormalities included fibrosis, necrosis, atrophy, glycogen depletion, internal nuclei, rimmed vacuoles, fibre type grouping, cytochrome c oxidase deficient fibres, MHC-I upregulation, and signs of microangiopathy. The only alteration found in age-matched controls was a few cytochrome c oxidase deficient fibres. There were also increased levels of multiple mitochondrial DNA deletions in ischaemic muscles compared with controls. Critical limb ischaemia is associated with significant histopathological changes in muscle tissue and also increased levels of mitochondrial DNA deletions. Since the alterations mimic different primary myopathic changes, chronic ischaemia is important to consider as a differential diagnosis in elderly individuals, investigated with muscle biopsy for muscle disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Roos
- Department of Pathology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Ing-Marie Fyhr
- Department of Pathology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katharina S Sunnerhagen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ali-Reza Moslemi
- Department of Pathology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Oldfors
- Department of Pathology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Ullman
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Abstract
Clonal expansion of mtDNA deletions compromises mitochondrial function in human disease and aging, but how deleterious mtDNA genomes propagate has remained unclear. In this issue (Gitschlag et al., 2016) and in a recent Nature publication, C. elegans studies implicate the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR(mt)) and offer mechanistic insights into this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology and Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research and Newcastle Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Institute of Neurosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Amy E Vincent
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research and Newcastle Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Institute of Neurosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research and Newcastle Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Institute of Neurosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
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Matsunaga T, Kumanomido H, Shiroma M, Goto YI, Usami SI. Audiological Features and Mitochondrial DNA Sequence in a Large Family Carrying Mitochondrial A1555G Mutation without Use of Aminoglycoside. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2016; 114:153-60. [PMID: 15757197 DOI: 10.1177/000348940511400213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the pathophysiological and genetic mechanisms of hearing loss associated with the homoplasmic mitochondrial A1555G mutation in the absence of aminoglycoside exposure, we conducted audiological and genetic analyses on 67 maternally related members of a large Japanese family carrying this mutation. A consistent pattern was evident in the audiograms, with features of sensory presbycusis, cochlear origin at all levels of hearing loss, and a high degree of vulnerability of outer hair cells. That the degree of hearing loss was similar in affected subjects within the same sibling group but differed between sibling groups suggests the involvement of nuclear modifier genes. Total mitochondrial DNA sequences were completely identical among subjects with various levels of hearing loss, and lacked additional pathogenic mutations. For the diagnosis of sensorineural hearing loss, the mitochondrial A1555G mutation should be considered when these features are present even in the absence of aminoglycoside exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Matsunaga
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Tokyo Medical Center, Higashigaoka 2-5-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan
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35
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Digital PCR methods improve detection sensitivity and measurement precision of low abundance mtDNA deletions. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25186. [PMID: 27122135 PMCID: PMC4848546 DOI: 10.1038/srep25186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are a common cause of primary mitochondrial disorders, and have also been implicated in a broad collection of conditions, including aging, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Prevalent among these pathogenic variants are mtDNA deletions, which show a strong bias for the loss of sequence in the major arc between, but not including, the heavy and light strand origins of replication. Because individual mtDNA deletions can accumulate focally, occur with multiple mixed breakpoints, and in the presence of normal mtDNA sequences, methods that detect broad-spectrum mutations with enhanced sensitivity and limited costs have both research and clinical applications. In this study, we evaluated semi-quantitative and digital PCR-based methods of mtDNA deletion detection using double-stranded reference templates or biological samples. Our aim was to describe key experimental assay parameters that will enable the analysis of low levels or small differences in mtDNA deletion load during disease progression, with limited false-positive detection. We determined that the digital PCR method significantly improved mtDNA deletion detection sensitivity through absolute quantitation, improved precision and reduced assay standard error.
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36
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Konokhova Y, Spendiff S, Jagoe RT, Aare S, Kapchinsky S, MacMillan NJ, Rozakis P, Picard M, Aubertin-Leheudre M, Pion CH, Bourbeau J, Hepple RT, Taivassalo T. Failed upregulation of TFAM protein and mitochondrial DNA in oxidatively deficient fibers of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease locomotor muscle. Skelet Muscle 2016; 6:10. [PMID: 26893822 PMCID: PMC4758107 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-016-0083-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Low mitochondrial content and oxidative capacity are well-established features of locomotor muscle dysfunction, a prevalent and debilitating systemic occurrence in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although the exact cause is not firmly established, physical inactivity and oxidative stress are among the proposed underlying mechanisms. Here, we assess the impact of COPD pathophysiology on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) integrity, biogenesis, and cellular oxidative capacity in locomotor muscle of COPD patients and healthy controls. We hypothesized that the high oxidative stress environment of COPD muscle would yield a higher presence of deletion-containing mtDNA and oxidative-deficient fibers and impaired capacity for mitochondrial biogenesis. Methods Vastus lateralis biopsies were analyzed from 29 COPD patients and 19 healthy age-matched controls for the presence of mtDNA deletions, levels of oxidatively damaged DNA, mtDNA copy number, and regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis as well the proportion of oxidative-deficient fibers (detected histologically as cytochrome c oxidase-deficient, succinate dehydrogenase positive (COX−/SDH+ )). Additionally, mtDNA copy number and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) content were measured in laser captured COX−SDH+ and normal single fibers of both COPD and controls. Results Compared to controls, COPD muscle exhibited significantly higher levels of oxidatively damaged DNA (8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels = 387 ± 41 vs. 258 ± 21 pg/mL) and higher prevalence of mtDNA deletions (74 vs. 15 % of subjects in each group), which was accompanied by a higher abundance of oxidative-deficient fibers (8.0 ± 2.1 vs. 1.5 ± 0.4 %). Interestingly, COPD patients with mtDNA deletions had higher levels of 8-OHdG (457 ± 46 pg/mL) and longer smoking history (66.3 ± 7.5 years) than patients without deletions (197 ± 29 pg/mL; 38.0 ± 7.3 years). Transcript levels of regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism were upregulated in COPD compared to controls. However, single fiber analyses of COX−/SDH+ and normal fibers exposed an impairment in mitochondrial biogenesis in COPD; in healthy controls, we detected a marked upregulation of mtDNA copy number and TFAM protein in COX−/SDH+ compared to normal fibers, reflecting the expected compensatory attempt by the oxidative-deficient cells to increase energy levels; in contrast, they were similar between COX−/SDH+ and normal fibers in COPD patients. Taken together, these findings suggest that although the signaling factors regulating mitochondrial biogenesis are increased in COPD muscle, impairment in the translation of these signals prevents the restoration of normal oxidative capacity. Conclusions Single fiber analyses provide the first substantive evidence that low muscle oxidative capacity in COPD cannot be explained by physical inactivity alone and is likely driven by the disease pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Konokhova
- Department of Kinesiology, McGill University, 475 Pine Ave West, Room 222, Montreal, Quebec H2W1S4 Canada.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sally Spendiff
- Department of Kinesiology, McGill University, 475 Pine Ave West, Room 222, Montreal, Quebec H2W1S4 Canada.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - R Thomas Jagoe
- Departments of Oncology and Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sudhakar Aare
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sophia Kapchinsky
- Department of Kinesiology, McGill University, 475 Pine Ave West, Room 222, Montreal, Quebec H2W1S4 Canada
| | - Norah J MacMillan
- Department of Kinesiology, McGill University, 475 Pine Ave West, Room 222, Montreal, Quebec H2W1S4 Canada
| | - Paul Rozakis
- Department of Kinesiology, McGill University, 475 Pine Ave West, Room 222, Montreal, Quebec H2W1S4 Canada
| | - Martin Picard
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Neurology, and Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | | | - Charlotte H Pion
- Département de Kinanthropologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jean Bourbeau
- Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Center for Innovative Medicine (CIM), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Russell T Hepple
- Department of Kinesiology, McGill University, 475 Pine Ave West, Room 222, Montreal, Quebec H2W1S4 Canada.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada.,Meakins Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Tanja Taivassalo
- Department of Kinesiology, McGill University, 475 Pine Ave West, Room 222, Montreal, Quebec H2W1S4 Canada.,Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Center for Innovative Medicine (CIM), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
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Garatachea N, Pareja-Galeano H, Sanchis-Gomar F, Santos-Lozano A, Fiuza-Luces C, Morán M, Emanuele E, Joyner MJ, Lucia A. Exercise attenuates the major hallmarks of aging. Rejuvenation Res 2016; 18:57-89. [PMID: 25431878 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2014.1623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise has multi-system anti-aging effects. Here we summarize how exercise impacts the major hallmarks of aging. We propose that, besides searching for novel pharmaceutical targets of the aging process, more research efforts should be devoted to gaining insights into the molecular mediators of the benefits of exercise and to implement effective exercise interventions for elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Garatachea
- 1 Faculty of Health and Sport Science, University of Zaragoza , Huesca, Spain
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38
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Khan NA, Govindaraj P, Meena AK, Thangaraj K. Mitochondrial disorders: challenges in diagnosis & treatment. Indian J Med Res 2016; 141:13-26. [PMID: 25857492 PMCID: PMC4405934 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.154489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunctions are known to be responsible for a number of heterogenous clinical presentations with multi-systemic involvement. Impaired oxidative phosphorylation leading to a decrease in cellular energy (ATP) production is the most important cause underlying these disorders. Despite significant progress made in the field of mitochondrial medicine during the last two decades, the molecular mechanisms underlying these disorders are not fully understood. Since the identification of first mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation in 1988, there has been an exponential rise in the identification of mtDNA and nuclear DNA mutations that are responsible for mitochondrial dysfunction and disease. Genetic complexity together with ever widening clinical spectrum associated with mitochondrial dysfunction poses a major challenge in diagnosis and treatment. Effective therapy has remained elusive till date and is mostly efficient in relieving symptoms. In this review, we discuss the important clinical and genetic features of mitochondrials disorders with special emphasis on diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kumarasamy Thangaraj
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
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39
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Zinovkina LA, Zinovkin RA. DNA methylation, mitochondria, and programmed aging. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 80:1571-7. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915120044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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40
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Stewart JB, Chinnery PF. The dynamics of mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy: implications for human health and disease. Nat Rev Genet 2015; 16:530-42. [PMID: 26281784 DOI: 10.1038/nrg3966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 551] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Common genetic variants of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) increase the risk of developing several of the major health issues facing the western world, including neurodegenerative diseases. In this Review, we consider how these mtDNA variants arose and how they spread from their origin on one single molecule in a single cell to be present at high levels throughout a specific organ and, ultimately, to contribute to the population risk of common age-related disorders. mtDNA persists in all aerobic eukaryotes, despite a high substitution rate, clonal propagation and little evidence of recombination. Recent studies have found that de novo mtDNA mutations are suppressed in the female germ line; despite this, mtDNA heteroplasmy is remarkably common. The demonstration of a mammalian mtDNA genetic bottleneck explains how new germline variants can increase to high levels within a generation, and the ultimate fixation of less-severe mutations that escape germline selection explains how they can contribute to the risk of late-onset disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Stewart
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Patrick F Chinnery
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 1BZ, UK
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41
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Abstract
In the past century, considerable efforts were made to understand the role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations and of oxidative stress in aging. The classic mitochondrial free radical theory of aging, in which mtDNA mutations cause genotoxic oxidative stress, which in turn creates more mutations, has been a central hypothesis in the field for decades. In the past few years, however, new elements have discredited this original theory. The major sources of mitochondrial DNA mutations seem to be replication errors and failure of the repair mechanisms, and the accumulation of these mutations as observed in aged organisms seems to occur by clonal expansion and not to be caused by a reactive oxygen species-dependent vicious cycle. New hypotheses of how age-associated mitochondrial dysfunction may lead to aging are based on the role of reactive oxygen species as signaling molecules and on their role in mediating stress responses to age-dependent damage. Here, we review the changes that mtDNA undergoes during aging and the past and most recent hypotheses linking these changes to the tissue failure observed in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Pinto
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Carlos T Moraes
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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42
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Müller-Höcker J, Schäfer S, Krebs S, Blum H, Zsurka G, Kunz WS, Prokisch H, Seibel P, Jung A. Oxyphil cell metaplasia in the parathyroids is characterized by somatic mitochondrial DNA mutations in NADH dehydrogenase genes and cytochrome c oxidase activity-impairing genes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 184:2922-35. [PMID: 25418474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Oxyphil cell transformation of epithelial cells due to the accumulation of mitochondria occurs often during cellular aging. To understand the pathogenic mechanisms, we studied mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) alterations in the three cell types of the parathyroids using multiplex real-time PCR and next-generation sequencing. mtDNA was analyzed from cytochrome c oxidase (COX)-positive and COX-negative areas of 19 parathyroids. Mitochondria-rich pre-oxyphil/oxyphil cells were more prone to develop COX defects than the mitochondria-poor clear chief cells (P < 0.001). mtDNA increased approximately 2.5-fold from clear chief to oxyphil cells. In COX deficiency, the increase was even more pronounced, and COX-negative oxyphil cells had approximately two times more mtDNA than COX-positive oxyphil cells (P < 0.001), illustrating the influence of COX deficiency on mtDNA biosynthesis, probably as a consequence of insufficient ATP synthesis. Next-generation sequencing revealed a broad spectrum of putative pathogenic mtDNA point mutations affecting NADH dehydrogenase and COX genes as well as regulatory elements of mtDNA. NADH dehydrogenase gene mutations preferentially accumulated in COX-positive pre-oxyphil/oxyphil cells and, therefore, could be essential for inducing oxyphil cell transformation by increasing mtDNA/mitochondrial biogenesis. In contrast, COX-negative cells predominantly harbored mutations in the MT-CO1 and MT-CO3 genes and in regulatory mtDNA elements, but only rarely NADH dehydrogenase mutations. Thus, multiple hits in NADH dehydrogenase and COX activity-impairing genes represent the molecular basis of oxyphil cell transformation in the parathyroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Müller-Höcker
- Institute for Pathology of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine Schäfer
- Institute for Pathology of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Krebs
- Gene Center of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Campus Großhadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Blum
- Gene Center of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Campus Großhadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Gábor Zsurka
- Division of Neurochemistry, Department of Epileptology and Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wolfram S Kunz
- Division of Neurochemistry, Department of Epileptology and Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Seibel
- Molekulare Zellbiologie, Biotechnological Biomedical Center, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Jung
- Institute for Pathology of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
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43
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Payne BAI, Chinnery PF. Mitochondrial dysfunction in aging: Much progress but many unresolved questions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:1347-53. [PMID: 26050973 PMCID: PMC4580208 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The free radical theory of aging is almost 60 years old. As mitochondria are the principle source of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), this hypothesis suggested a central role for the mitochondrion in normal mammalian aging. In recent years, however, much work has questioned the importance of mitochondrial ROS in driving aging. Conversely new evidence points to other facets of mitochondrial dysfunction which may nevertheless suggest the mitochondrion retains a critical role at the center of a complex web of processes leading to cellular and organismal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan A I Payne
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Patrick F Chinnery
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, UK.
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44
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Busch KB, Kowald A, Spelbrink JN. Quality matters: how does mitochondrial network dynamics and quality control impact on mtDNA integrity? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2015; 369:20130442. [PMID: 24864312 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian mtDNA encodes for 13 core proteins of oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondrial DNA mutations and deletions cause severe myopathies and neuromuscular diseases. Thus, the integrity of mtDNA is pivotal for cell survival and health of the organism. We here discuss the possible impact of mitochondrial fusion and fission on mtDNA maintenance as well as positive and negative selection processes. Our focus is centred on the important question of how the quality of mtDNA nucleoids can be assured when selection and mitochondrial quality control works on functional and physiological phenotypes constituted by oxidative phosphorylation proteins. The organelle control theory suggests a link between phenotype and nucleoid genotype. This is discussed in the light of new results presented here showing that mitochondrial transcription factor A/nucleoids are restricted in their intramitochondrial mobility and probably have a limited sphere of influence. Together with recent published work on mitochondrial and mtDNA heteroplasmy dynamics, these data suggest first, that single mitochondria might well be internally heterogeneous and second, that nucleoid genotypes might be linked to local phenotypes (although the link might often be leaky). We discuss how random or site-specific mitochondrial fission can isolate dysfunctional parts and enable their elimination by mitophagy, stressing the importance of fission in the process of mtDNA quality control. The role of fusion is more multifaceted and less understood in this context, but the mixing and equilibration of matrix content might be one of its important functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin B Busch
- Division of Mitochondrial Dynamics, School of Biology and Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Axel Kowald
- Centre for Integrated Systems Biology of Ageing and Nutrition, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Johannes N Spelbrink
- Department of Pediatrics, Nijmegen Centre for Mitochondrial Disorders, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 10, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands FinMIT Centre of Excellence, Institute of Biomedical Technology and Tampere University Hospital, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, 33014 Tampere, Finland
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45
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Zhang Y, Fischer KE, Soto V, Liu Y, Sosnowska D, Richardson A, Salmon AB. Obesity-induced oxidative stress, accelerated functional decline with age and increased mortality in mice. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 576:39-48. [PMID: 25558793 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a serious chronic disease that increases the risk of numerous co-morbidities including metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and cancer as well as increases risk of mortality, leading some to suggest this condition represents accelerated aging. Obesity is associated with significant increases in oxidative stress in vivo and, despite the well-explored relationship between oxidative stress and aging, the role this plays in the increased mortality of obese subjects remains an unanswered question. Here, we addressed this by undertaking a comprehensive, longitudinal study of a group of high fat-fed obese mice and assessed both their changes in oxidative stress and in their performance in physiological assays known to decline with aging. In female C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet starting in adulthood, mortality was significantly increased as was oxidative damage in vivo. High fat-feeding significantly accelerated the decline in performance in several assays, including activity, gait, and rotarod. However, we also found that obesity had little effect on other markers of function and actually improved performance in grip strength, a marker of muscular function. Together, this first comprehensive assessment of longitudinal, functional changes in high fat-fed mice suggests that obesity may induce segmental acceleration of some of the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiang Zhang
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kathleen E Fischer
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Vanessa Soto
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yuhong Liu
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Danuta Sosnowska
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma, OK, USA
| | - Arlan Richardson
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma, OK, USA
| | - Adam B Salmon
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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46
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Abstract
Understanding the biology of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) at the single-cell level has yielded important insights into inheritance, disease, and normal aging. In nuclear gene disorders of mtDNA maintenance, neurodegeneration, and aging, different somatic mtDNA mutations exist within individual cells and may be missed by techniques applied to whole tissue DNA extract. We therefore provide a method for characterizing mtDNA within single skeletal muscle fibers. During embryogenesis, mtDNA content is subject to a tight bottleneck and this may account for differential segregation of mutant mtDNA in offspring. We also present a method to study this phenomenon by single-cell analysis of embryonic PGCs (primordial germ cells).
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47
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Al-Sarraj S, King A, Cleveland M, Pradat PF, Corse A, Rothstein JD, Leigh PN, Abila B, Bates S, Wurthner J, Meininger V. Mitochondrial abnormalities and low grade inflammation are present in the skeletal muscle of a minority of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; an observational myopathology study. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2014; 2:165. [PMID: 25510661 PMCID: PMC4297389 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-014-0165-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a primary progressive neurodegenerative disease characterised by neuronal loss of lower motor neurons (in the spinal cord and brainstem) and/or upper motor neurons (in the motor cortex) and subsequent denervation atrophy of skeletal muscle. AIM A comprehensive examination of muscle pathology from a cohort of clinically confirmed ALS patients, including an investigation of inflammation, complement activation, and deposition of abnormal proteins in order to compare them with findings from an age-matched, control group. MATERIAL AND METHODS 31 muscle biopsies from clinically confirmed ALS patients and 20 normal controls underwent a comprehensive protocol of histochemical and immunohistochemical stains, including HLA-ABC, C5b-9, p62, and TDP-43. RESULTS Neurogenic changes were confirmed in 30/31 ALS cases. In one case, no neurogenic changes could be detected. Muscle fibre necrosis was seen in 5/31 cases and chronic mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration in 5/31 (2 of them overlapped with those showing muscle necrosis). In four biopsies there was an increase in the proportion of cytochrome oxidase (COX) negative fibres (2-3%). p62 faintly stained cytoplasmic bodies in eight cases and none were immunoreactive to TDP-43. CONCLUSION This large series of muscle biopsies from patients with ALS demonstrates neurogenic atrophy is a nearly uniform finding and that mild mitochondrial abnormalities and low-grade inflammation can be seen and do not rule out the diagnosis of ALS. These findings could lend support to the notion that ALS is a complex and heterogeneous disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Al-Sarraj
- Neuropathology, Neuroscience Academic Building, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK.
| | - Andrew King
- Neuropathology, Neuroscience Academic Building, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK.
| | | | - Pierre-François Pradat
- Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux, APHP, Reseau SLA IDF Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (LIB), Paris, F-75005, France.
| | - Andrea Corse
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Jeffrey D Rothstein
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Peter Nigel Leigh
- Division of Medicine (Neurology), Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Trafford Centre for biomedical Research, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9RY, UK.
| | - Bams Abila
- Biopharm Translational Medicine, GSK, Stevenage, UK.
| | - Stewart Bates
- Biopharm Translational Medicine, GSK, Stevenage, UK.
| | - Jens Wurthner
- Novartis Oncology Translational Medicine, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Vincent Meininger
- Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux, APHP, Reseau SLA IDF Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (LIB), Paris, F-75005, France.
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48
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Al-Sarraj S, King A, Cleveland M, Pradat PF, Corse A, Rothstein JD, Leigh PN, Abila B, Bates S, Wurthner J, Meininger V. Mitochondrial abnormalities and low grade inflammation are present in the skeletal muscle of a minority of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; an observational myopathology study. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1186/s40478-014-0165-z s40478-014-0165-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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49
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Payne BAI, Gardner K, Chinnery PF. Mitochondrial DNA mutations in ageing and disease: implications for HIV? Antivir Ther 2014; 20:109-20. [PMID: 25032944 DOI: 10.3851/imp2824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations cause neurological and multisystem disease. Somatic (acquired) mtDNA mutations are also associated with degenerative diseases and with normal human ageing. It is well established that certain nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) antiretroviral drugs cause inhibition of the mtDNA polymerase, pol γ, leading to a reduction in mtDNA content (depletion). Given this effect of NRTI therapy on mtDNA replication, it is plausible that NRTI treatment may also lead to increased mtDNA mutations. Here we review recent evidence for an effect of HIV infection or NRTI therapy on mtDNA mutations, as well as discussing the methodological challenges in addressing this question. Finally, we discuss the possible implications for HIV-infected persons, with particular reference to ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan A I Payne
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
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50
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Inczedy-Farkas G, Trampush JW, Perczel Forintos D, Beech D, Andrejkovics M, Varga Z, Remenyi V, Bereznai B, Gal A, Molnar MJ. Mitochondrial DNA Mutations and Cognition: A Case-Series Report. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2014; 29:315-21. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acu016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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