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Saura‐Sanmartin A. Post‐Mechanical Bond Formation Desymmetrization Approach to Obtain Mechanically Planar Chiral Rotaxanes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Saura‐Sanmartin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Química Universidad de Murcia Campus de Espinardo E-30100 Murcia Spain
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2
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Wang Y, Gong J, Wang X, Li W, Wang X, He X, Wang W, Yang H. Multistate Circularly Polarized Luminescence Switching through Stimuli‐Induced Co‐Conformation Regulations of Pyrene‐Functionalized Topologically Chiral [2]Catenane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210542. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Jiacheng Gong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Wei‐Jian Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Xu‐Qing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Xiao He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Hai‐Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
- Institute of Eco-Chongming Shanghai 202162 China
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3
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Wang Y, Gong J, Wang X, Li WJ, Wang XQ, He X, Wang W, Yang HB. Multistate Circularly Polarized Luminescence Switching through Stimuli‐induced Co‐conformation Regulations of Pyrene‐functionalized Topologically Chiral [2]Catenane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- East China Normal University School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering CHINA
| | - Jiacheng Gong
- East China Normal University School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering CHINA
| | - Xianwei Wang
- East China Normal University School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering CHINA
| | - Wei-Jian Li
- East China Normal University School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering CHINA
| | - Xu-Qing Wang
- East China Normal University School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering CHINA
| | - Xiao He
- East China Normal University School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering CHINA
| | - Wei Wang
- East China Normal University School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering CHINA
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- East China Normal University Department of Chemistry 3663 N. Zhongshan Road 200062 Shanghai CHINA
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4
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Ishizu Y, Takeyoshi A, Hasegawa E, Iwamoto H. Synthesis and Resolution of Optically Active Topologically Chiral Catenane. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ishizu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Ayaka Takeyoshi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Eietsu Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Hajime Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
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5
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Kimura T, Miyagawa S, Takaya H, Naito M, Tokunaga Y. Locking the Dynamic Axial Chirality of Biphenyl Crown Ethers through Threading. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:3897-3903. [PMID: 33026146 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the syntheses of [2]rotaxanes comprising 23- and 26-membered biphenyl crown ethers as the macrocyclic components and secondary ammonium ions as the dumbbell-shaped components, and the locking of the dynamic axial chirality of the biphenyl moieties in these structures. Chiral high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed that our [2]rotaxane featuring the 26-membered crown ether racemized at room temperature, but the racemization of the [2]rotaxane featuring the 23-membered crown ether did not proceed at room temperature over a period of three days. After separation of the enantiomers of the [2]rotaxane incorporating the 23-membered crown ether through chiral HPLC, we studied its racemization at elevated temperature. The rate of stereoinversion in dimethylsulfoxide (a polar solvent) was faster than that in o-dichlorobenzene (a nonpolar solvent), and herein we discuss these kinetic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Kimura
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Bunkyo, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan
| | - Shinobu Miyagawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Bunkyo, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan
| | - Hikaru Takaya
- International Research Center for Elements Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan.,Institute for Molecular Science, National Institute of Natural Science, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Masaya Naito
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Bunkyo, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan
| | - Yuji Tokunaga
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Bunkyo, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan
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6
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Denis M, Goldup SM. Ein [3]Rotaxan‐Wirt selektiert zwischen Stereoisomeren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Denis
- Chemistry University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ Großbritannien
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7
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Denis M, Goldup SM. A [3]Rotaxane Host Selects Between Stereoisomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:4462-4464. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Denis
- Chemistry University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
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8
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Abstract
Molecular chirality provides a key challenge in host-guest recognition and other related chemical applications such as asymmetric catalysis. For a molecule to act as an efficient enantioselective receptor, it requires multi-point interactions between host and chiral guest, which may be achieved by an appropriate chiral 3D scaffold. As a consequence of their interlocked structure, catenanes and rotaxanes may present such a 3D scaffold, and can be chiral by inclusion of a classical chiral element and/or as a consequence of the mechanical bond. This Minireview presents illustrative examples of chiral [2]catenanes and [2]rotaxanes, and discusses where these molecules have been used in chemical applications such as chiral host-guest recognition and asymmetric catalysis.
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9
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Ishiwari F, Nakazono K, Koyama Y, Takata T. Induction of Single-Handed Helicity of Polyacetylenes Using Mechanically Chiral Rotaxanes as Chiral Sources. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumitaka Ishiwari
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tokyo Institute of Technology; Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
- Present address: Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science; Institute of Innovative Research; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 4259 Nagatsuta Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Kazuko Nakazono
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tokyo Institute of Technology; Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Yasuhito Koyama
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tokyo Institute of Technology; Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Toshikazu Takata
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tokyo Institute of Technology; Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
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10
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Ishiwari F, Nakazono K, Koyama Y, Takata T. Induction of Single-Handed Helicity of Polyacetylenes Using Mechanically Chiral Rotaxanes as Chiral Sources. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:14858-14862. [PMID: 28973787 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Effective induction of preferred-handed helicity of polyacetylenes by pendant mechanically chiral rotaxanes is discussed. Polyacetylenes possessing optically active mechanically chiral rotaxanes in the side chains were synthesized by the polymerization of the corresponding enantiopure [2]rotaxane-type ethynyl monomers prepared by the chiral-phase HPLC separations. The CD Cotton effects revealed that the polyacetylenes took preferred-handed helical conformations depending on the rotaxane chirality. The preferred-handed helix was not disturbed by an additional chiral substituent on the rotaxane side chain. These results demonstrate the significance and utility of mechanically chiral rotaxanes for the effective construction of asymmetric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumitaka Ishiwari
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan.,Present address: Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Kazuko Nakazono
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Koyama
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Takata
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
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11
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Boyle MM, Gassensmith JJ, Whalley AC, Forgan RS, Smaldone RA, Hartlieb KJ, Blackburn AK, Sauvage JP, Stoddart JF. Stereochemistry of molecular figures-of-eight. Chemistry 2012; 18:10312-23. [PMID: 22836716 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A trans isomer of a figure-of-eight (Fo8) compound was prepared from an electron-withdrawing cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) derivative carrying trans-disposed azide functions between its two phenylene rings. Copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloadditions with a bispropargyl derivative of a polyether chain, interrupted in its midriff by an electron-donating 1,5-dioxynaphthalene unit acting as the template to organize the reactants prior to the onset of two click reactions, afforded the Fo8 compound with C(i) symmetry. Exactly the same chemistry is performed on the cis-bisazide of the tetracationic cyclophane to give a Fo8 compound with C(2) symmetry. Both of these Fo8 compounds exist as major and very minor conformational isomers in solution. The major conformation in the trans series, which has been characterized by X-ray crystallography, adopts a geometry which maximizes its C-H···O interactions, while maintaining its π···π stacking and C-H···π interactions. Ab initio calculations at the M06L level support the conformational assignments to the major and minor isomers in the trans series. Dynamic (1)H NMR spectroscopy, supported by 2D (1)H NMR experiments, indicates that the major and minor isomers in both the cis and trans series equilibrate in solution on the (1)H NMR timescale rapidly above and slowly below room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Boyle
- Center for the Chemistry of Integrated Systems and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3133, USA
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12
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Beves JE, Blight BA, Campbell CJ, Leigh DA, McBurney RT. Strategien und Taktiken für die metallgesteuerte Synthese von Rotaxanen, Knoten, Catenanen und Verschlingungen höherer Ordnung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201007963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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13
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Beves JE, Blight BA, Campbell CJ, Leigh DA, McBurney RT. Strategies and tactics for the metal-directed synthesis of rotaxanes, knots, catenanes, and higher order links. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:9260-327. [PMID: 21928462 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201007963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 570] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
More than a quarter of a century after the first metal template synthesis of a [2]catenane in Strasbourg, there now exists a plethora of strategies available for the construction of mechanically bonded and entwined molecular level structures. Catenanes, rotaxanes, knots and Borromean rings have all been successfully accessed by methods in which metal ions play a pivotal role. Originally metal ions were used solely for their coordination chemistry; acting either to gather and position the building blocks such that subsequent reactions generated the interlocked products or by being an integral part of the rings or "stoppers" of the interlocked assembly. Recently the role of the metal has evolved to encompass catalysis: the metal ions not only organize the building blocks in an entwined or threaded arrangement but also actively promote the reaction that covalently captures the interlocked structure. This Review outlines the diverse strategies that currently exist for forming mechanically bonded molecular structures with metal ions and details the tactics that the chemist can utilize for creating cross-over points, maximizing the yield of interlocked over non-interlocked products, and the reactions-of-choice for the covalent capture of threaded and entwined intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon E Beves
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, UK
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14
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Chirality and dendrimers; the issue of chiral recognition at the nanoscopic level. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.19950980139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Ohta Y, Kushida Y, Kawaguchi D, Matsushita Y, Takano A. Preparation, Characterization, and Nanophase-Separated Structure of Catenated Polystyrene−Polyisoprene. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma7028852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Ohta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya City 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yuuki Kushida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya City 464-8603, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kawaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya City 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yushu Matsushita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya City 464-8603, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya City 464-8603, Japan
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16
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17
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Theil A, Mauve C, Adeline MT, Marinetti A, Sauvage JP. Phosphorus-Containing [2]Catenanes as an Example of Interlocking Chiral Structures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200503625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Theil A, Mauve C, Adeline MT, Marinetti A, Sauvage JP. Phosphorus-Containing [2]Catenanes as an Example of Interlocking Chiral Structures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:2104-7. [PMID: 16502441 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200503625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Theil
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles-CNRS UPR 2301, 1, avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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19
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20
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Ostrowicki A, Koepp E, Vögtle F. The “cesium effect”: Syntheses of medio- and macrocyclic compounds. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-54348-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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21
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Gokel GW, Leevy WM, Weber ME. Crown ethers: sensors for ions and molecular scaffolds for materials and biological models. Chem Rev 2004; 104:2723-50. [PMID: 15137805 DOI: 10.1021/cr020080k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1075] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George W Gokel
- Department of Molecular Biology & Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8103, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
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22
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McArdle CP, Irwin MJ, Jennings MC, Vittal JJ, Puddephatt RJ. Self-assembly of gold(I) rings and reversible formation of organometallic [2]catenanes. Chemistry 2002; 8:723-34. [PMID: 11855720 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20020201)8:3<723::aid-chem723>3.0.co;2-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of the digold(I) diacetylide [(AuCCCH2OC6H4)2CMe2] with diphosphane ligands can lead to formation of either macrocyclic ring complexes or [2]catenanes by self-assembly. This gives an easy route to rare organometallic [2]catenanes, and the effect of the diphosphane ligand on the selectivity of self-assembly is studied. With diphosphane ligands Ph2P(CH2)xPPh2, the simple ring complex [Au2[(CCCH2OC6H4)2CMe2](Ph2P(CH2)xPPh2)] is formed selectively when x = 2, but the [2]catenanes [Au2[(CCCH2OC6H4)2CMe2](Ph2P(CH2)xPPh2)]2 are formed when x = 4 or 5. When x = 3, a mixture of the simple ring and [2]catenane is formed, along with the "double-ring" complex, [Au4[(CCCH2OC6H4)2CMe2]2(Ph2P(CH2)3PPh2)2] and a "hexamer" Au2[(CCCH2OC6H4)2CMe2](Ph2P(CH2)3PPh2)]6] whose structure is not determined. A study of the equilibria between these complexes by solution NMR techniques gives insight into the energetics and mechanism of [2]catenane formation. When the oligomer [(AuCCCH2OC6H4)2CMe2] was treated with a mixture of two diphosphane ligands, or when two [2]catenane complexes [[Au2[(CCCH2OC6H4)2CMe2](diphosphane)]2] were allowed to equilibrate, only the symmetrical [2]catenanes were formed. The diphosphanes Ph2PCCPPh2, trans-[Ph2PCH=CHPPh2] and (Ph2PC5H4)2Fe give the corresponding ring complexes [Au2[(CCCH2OC6H4)2CMe2](diphosphane)], and the chiral, unsymmetrical diacetylide [Au2[(CCCH2OC6H4C(Me)(CH2CMe2)C6H3OCH2CC)] gives macrocyclic ring complexes with all diphosphane ligands Ph2P(CH2)xPPh2 (x = 2-5).
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Abstract
A new type of [1]rotaxanes containing two aliphatic bridges between axle and wheel is obtained in 39% yield in a one-step synthesis starting from a [2]rotaxane which contained one sulfonamide group each in both the wheel and the axle. Temperature controlled chemoselective substitution reactions first at these sulfonamide nitrogens and then subsequently at the various other carboxamide nitrogens in the wheel and axle give rise to the formation of an isomeric mixture of three double-bridged [1]rotaxanes which could be separated by HPLC. Structure determination of the main product 3a was possible by NMR experiments supported by molecular modeling calculations. Using different reaction conditions, a double-substituted but not yet bridged [2]rotaxane 4 could be isolated as an intermediate giving further evidence for the assigned structure of 3a and the way of its formation. The shape of this double-bridged [1]rotaxane 3a reminds of a self-intertwining chiral "molecular 8", in which any possible racemization due to deslipping is hindered by the two stoppers originating from the former rotaxane axle. Hence, to the best of our knowledge this is the first example of a molecule in which both concepts, cycloenantiomerism and helical chirality, are realised in one structure. Enantiomer separation of the main product was possible by further HPLC using chiral stationary phases. The Cotton effects of the circular dichrograms are different to those of the already synthesized [1]rotaxanes bearing just one aliphatic bridge between axle and wheel.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Reuter
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Universität Bonn, Germany
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Mohry A, Vögtle F, Nieger M, Hupfer H. Regioselective template synthesis, X-ray structure, and chiroptical properties of a topologically chiral sulfonamide catenane. Chirality 2000; 12:76-83. [PMID: 10637413 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1520-636x(2000)12:2<76::aid-chir4>3.0.co;2-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a topologically chiral in,out-bis-sulfonamide catenane and its "dimer" are reported. The structures of the amide wheel and of the catenane were resolved by X-ray analysis. NMR-titration of the monosulfonamide-wheel yielded conclusive association constants supporting the proposed regioselective mechanism of the catenane formation. The enantioseparation of the catenane via chiral HPLC was successful. The enantiomers show pronounced Cotton effects in the aromatic region of the CD-spectrum. Since the template synthesis was carried out leading to the in-oriented sulfonamide-wheel blocked with an N-methyl group at its reactive sulfonamide functionality, the catenane represents the first monofunctional topologically chiral amide-based catenane. Reaction with 1,2-bis(2-iodoethoxy)ethane led to a bis-catenane containing two topological units. The meso- and the RR/SS-isomers represent a new type of topological diastereomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mohry
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53727, Bonn, Germany
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27
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Yamamoto C, Okamoto Y, Schmidt T, Jäger R, Vögtle F. Enantiomeric Resolution of Cycloenantiomeric Rotaxane, Topologically Chiral Catenane, and Pretzel-Shaped Molecules: Observation of Pronounced Circular Dichroism. J Am Chem Soc 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ja971764q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiyo Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Engineering, Nagoya University Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-01, Japan Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Yoshio Okamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Engineering, Nagoya University Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-01, Japan Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Engineering, Nagoya University Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-01, Japan Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ralf Jäger
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Engineering, Nagoya University Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-01, Japan Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Fritz Vögtle
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Engineering, Nagoya University Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-01, Japan Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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Jäger R, Vögtle F. Eine neue Synthesestrategie für Moleküle mit mechanischen Bindungen: nichtionische Templatsynthese amidverknüpfter Catenane und Rotaxane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19971090905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ottens-Hildebrandt S, Schmidt T, Harren J, Vögtle F. Sulfonamide-based catenanes — regioselective template synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.1995199510260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Jansen JFGA, Peerlings HWI, de Brabander-Van den Berg EMM, Meijer EW. Optische Aktivität chiraler dendritischer Oberflächen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19951071113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ashton PR, Goodnow TT, Kaifer AE, Reddington MV, Slawin AMZ, Spencer N, Fraser Stoddart J, Vicent C, Williams DJ. Ein [2]-Catenan auf Bestellung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19891011023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ashton PR, Goodnow TT, Kaifer AE, Reddington MV, Slawin AMZ, Spencer N, Stoddart JF, Vicent C, Williams DJ. A [2] Catenane Made to Order. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.198913961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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