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Indlekofer M, Reuss M, Barth S, Effenberger F. Kinetic Analysis and Simulation Studies for Lipase-Catalysed Resolution of Racemic 2-Methyl-1-Pentanol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10242429308992098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Indlekofer
- Institut für Bioverfahrenstechnik, Universität Stuttgart, 7000, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M. Reuss
- Institut für Bioverfahrenstechnik, Universität Stuttgart, 7000, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - S. Barth
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, 7000, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - F. Effenberger
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, 7000, Stuttgart, Germany
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2
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Merino F, Rubio S, Pérez-Bendito D. Supramolecular systems-based extraction-separation techniques coupled to mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2006; 28:1613-27. [PMID: 16224955 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200500161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The combination of supramolecular chemistry and MS has not only been fruitful in the field of gas-phase fundamental studies of host-guest complexes and supramolecular assemblies. Mass spectrometric analysis has also benefited from the ability of supramolecular systems to behave as pseudophases in which solutes partition from the bulk solvent phase. Supramolecular systems-based extraction and concentration schemes and separation techniques have been widely used in different fields of analytical chemistry and are ideally suited for coupling with MS. This review describes the present status of the application of supramolecular chemistry in mass spectrometric analysis and includes topics such as the use of coacervative liquid-liquid extraction and hemimicelle/admicelle-based SPE of organic compounds prior to chromatography and electrophoresis. It also discusses the recent advances in enantioselective analysis using CD in electrophoresis- and chromatography-MS. The potential and analytical challenges of these approaches in environmental and bioanalytical chemistry, where one can expect significant developments in the future, are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Merino
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Anexo Marie Curie, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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3
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Meierhenrich UJ, Nguyen MJ, Barbier B, Brack A, Thiemann WHP. Gas chromatographic separation of saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon enantiomers on permethylated beta-cyclodextrin. Chirality 2004; 15 Suppl:S13-6. [PMID: 12884370 DOI: 10.1002/chir.10269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Enantiomers of chiral aliphatic hydrocarbons are generally difficult to separate because they lack functional groups to be derivatized in order to generate diastereomers. The systematic and quantitative separation of a series of branched hydrocarbon enantiomers using a chiral cyclodextrin stationary phase and a cryostat-controlled gas chromatograph is described. The use of a cryogenic system allows the improvement of separations for various chiral aliphatic hydrocarbons. The molecular cyclodextrin-based mechanism of the achieved enantiomeric separations is discussed briefly. Possible applications of this analytical technique are summarized, with special emphasis on the planned enantiomeric separation experiment on a cometary nucleus.
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4
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Luithle JEA, Pietruszka J. Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure Cyclopropyl Boronic Esters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.199719971118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Terfloth GJ, Pirkle WH, Lynam KG, Nicolas EC. Broadly applicable polysiloxane-based chiral stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(95)00246-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Enantiomer separation of α-campholene and fecholene derivatives by capillary gas chromatography on permethylated cyclodextrin phases I. Compounds separable with single columns. J Chromatogr A 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)01072-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Takeichi T, Toriyama H, Shimura S, Takayama Y, Morikawa M. Cyclodextrin carbamates as novel chiral stationary phases for capillary gas chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240180309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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9
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Kobor F, Schomburg G. 6-tert-Butyldimethylsilyl-2,3-dimethyl-α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins, dissolved in polysiloxanes, as chiral selectors for gas chromatography. Influence of selector concentration and polysiloxane matrix polarity on enantioselectivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240161204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Lederer M, Glomb M, Fischer P, Ledl F. Reactive Maillard intermediates leading to coloured products-5-hydroxymethyl- and 5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-3(2H)-furanone. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR LEBENSMITTEL-UNTERSUCHUNG UND -FORSCHUNG 1993; 197:413-8. [PMID: 8273421 DOI: 10.1007/bf01202608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In the course of the Maillard reaction, labile sugar degradation products are formed that are susceptible to secondary reactions and therefore have a decisive influence on the product spectrum. Such reactive intermediates may be transformed into stable derivatives with trapping reagents, and thus be protected from further reactions. Secondary processes may also be forestalled if the primary products are removed from the reaction mixture by high-vacuum distillation. By this procedure, 5-hydroxymethyl- and 5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-3(2H)-furanone have been identified directly from Maillard reaction mixtures for the first time. The activated methylene group of these 3(2H)-furanones can easily enter into condensation reactions. The coloured condensation products in turn react with primary amines to pyrrolinone derivatives, which may also contribute to the colouring observed in non-enzymatic browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lederer
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie und Analytische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Germany
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11
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Juvancz Z, Grolimund K, Schurig V. Pharmaceutical applications of a bonded cyclodextrin stationary phase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/mcs.1220050510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Jung M, Schurig V. Chirasil-Dex-TFA: A new polysiloxane-bonded and immobilizable cyclodextrin stationary phase for enantiomer separation by GC. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240160506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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13
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Barth S, Effenberger F. Lipase-catalyzed resolution of racemic 2-alkyl substituted 1-alkanols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(00)80120-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Effenberger F, Stelzer U. Enzym-katalysierte Reaktionen, 15. Darstellung von (R)1-2-(Sulfonyloxy)nitrilen und ihre Reaktionen mit Acetaten — Konfigurationsumkehr optisch aktiver Cyanhydrine[2]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19931260332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Fischer C, Schönberger F, Mück W, Heuck K, Eichelbaum M. Simultaneous assessment of the intravenous and oral disposition of the enantiomers of racemic nimodipine by chiral stationary-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy combined with a stable isotope technique. J Pharm Sci 1993; 82:244-50. [PMID: 8450415 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600820305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
An enantioselective method of high specificity and sensitivity for the determination of the enantiomers of two racemic 1,4-dihydropyridine compounds after simultaneous oral (po) and intravenous (iv) administration is reported. The method is suitable for the simultaneous administration by two different routes of a racemic drug labeled with stable isotopes and unlabeled racemate. For workup, an internal racemic standard labeled with a different number of stable isotopes is added. After separation of the enantiomers by chiral stationary-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and subsequent analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) with selected ion detection, the R and S enantiomer concentrations arising from i.v. and p.o. administration can be precisely measured because of their mass difference. This method has been applied to assess the disposition of the R and S enantiomers of nimodipine and nitrendipine after simultaneous i.v. and p.o. administration. The assay is highly specific and sensitive, with a limit of quantification per enantiomer of 0.1 ng/mL after extraction of 0.5 mL of human serum samples and monitoring the M- ions in the electron capture, negative ion chemical ionization mode. The calibration curve was linear in the range 0.1-100 ng/mL. Within- and between-day precision were satisfactory (coefficient of variation, < 10%). Enantiomeric excess in the range 0-100% could be accurately determined. Comparison of the enantioselective method with the achiral method (GC/MS only) gave good agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fischer
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
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16
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Juvancz Z, Grolimund K, Schurig V. Unusual overloading phenomenon in GC using chirasil-dex, an enantioselective stationary phase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240160317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Jung M, Schurig V. Enantiomeric separation by GC on chirasil-dex: Systematic study of cyclodextrin concentration, polarity, immobilization, and column stability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/mcs.1220050103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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Schmalzing D, Jung M, Mayer S, Rickert J, Schurig V. Extending the scope of enantiomer separations on Chirasil-Dex by GLC: Comparison with permethylated β-cyclodextrin dissolved in OV-1701. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240151106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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19
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Frank H, Abe I, Fabian G. A versatile approach to the reproducible synthesis of functionalized polysiloxane stationary phases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240150708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Takeichi T, Shimura S, Toriyama H, Takayama Y, Morikawa M. Carbamate Derivatives of β-Cyclodextrin as Chiral Stationary Phases for Metal Capillary Gas Chromatography. CHEM LETT 1992. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1992.1069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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21
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Schmalzing D, Nicholson GJ, Jung M, Schurig V. Enantiomer separation by capillary SFC and GC on immobilized permethyl-β-cyclodextrin: A systematic comparison. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/mcs.1220040106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Schurig V, Schmalzing D, Schleimer M. Enantiomerentrennung an immobilisiertem Chirasil-Metall und Chirasil-Dex durch Gaschromatographie und Chromatographie mit überkritischen Gasen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19911030822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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23
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Keim W, Köhnes A, Meltzow W, Römer H. Enantiomer separation by gas chromatography on cyclodextrin chiral stationary phases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240140803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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Effenberger F, Gutterer B, Ziegler T, Eckhardt E, Aichholz R. Enzym-katalysierte Reaktionen, 7. Enantioselektive Veresterung racemischer Cyanhydrine und enantioselektive Hydrolyse oder Umesterung racemischer Cyanhydrinester mittels Lipasen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.199119910108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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25
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Schurig V, Juvancz Z, Nicholson GJ, Schmalzing D. Separation of enantiomers on immobilized polysiloxane-anchored permethyl-β-cyclodextrin (CHIRASIL-DEX) by supercritical fluid chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240140115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Schurig V, Schmalzing D, Mühleck U, Jung M, Schleimer M, Mussche P, Duvekot C, Buyten JC. Gas chromatographic enantiomer separation on polysiloxane-anchored permethyl-β-cyclodextrin (Chirasil-Dex). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240131012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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27
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Schurig V, Nowotny HP. Gaschromatographische Enantiomerentrennung an Cyclodextrinderivaten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19901020904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Blum W, Aichholz R. Gas chromatographic enantiomer separation ontert-butyldimethylsilylated β-cyclodextrin diluted in PS-086. A simple method to prepare enantioselective glass capillary columns. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240130716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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