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Xu L, Wang YC, Wei J, Wang Y, Wang Z, Zhang WX, Xi Z. The first lutetacyclopentadienes: synthesis, structure, and diversified insertion/C-H activation reactivity. Chemistry 2015; 21:6686-9. [PMID: 25787267 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The first well-defined lutetacyclopentadienes are synthesised from pentamethylcyclopentadienyl lithium (Cp*Li), 1,4-dilithio-1,3-butadienes, and LuCl3. The lutetacyclopentadiene shows excellent reactivity towards some small molecules, such as pivalaldehyde, Se, carbon dioxide, and isonitrile to efficiently construct 3-, 5-, 7-, 8-, and 9-membered rare-earth metallacycles. Both monoinsertion and double-insertion of two Lu-Csp2 bonds are observed. Specially, the reaction between lutetacyclopentadiene and isonitrile afforded [3,5,5]-fused metallacycles. The distinguished reactivity can be attributed to the highly ionic character and the cooperative reactivity of two Lu-Csp2 bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (P. R. China)
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Michel O, Kaneko H, Tsurugi H, Yamamoto K, Törnroos KW, Anwander R, Mashima K. Diene Dissolution of the Heavier Alkaline Earth Metals. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201101342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Michel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, Fax: +49‐7071‐29‐2436
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Hiroshi Kaneko
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560‐8531, Japan, Fax: +81‐6‐6850‐6245
| | - Hayato Tsurugi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560‐8531, Japan, Fax: +81‐6‐6850‐6245
| | - Koji Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560‐8531, Japan, Fax: +81‐6‐6850‐6245
| | - Karl W. Törnroos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, Fax: +49‐7071‐29‐2436
| | - Kazushi Mashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560‐8531, Japan, Fax: +81‐6‐6850‐6245
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Tobisch S. Mechanistic Investigation of Organolanthanide-Mediated Hydroamination of Conjugated Aminodienes: A Comprehensive Computational Assessment of Various Routes for Diene Activation. Chemistry 2010; 16:13814-24. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sevillano P, Fuhr O, Hampe O, Lebedkin S, Matern E, Fenske D, Kappes MM. Synthesis, Characterization, and X-ray Structure Determination of [Au18(P)2(PPh)4(PHPh)(dppm)6]Cl3. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:7294-8. [PMID: 17665901 DOI: 10.1021/ic062107e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of [(AuCl)2dppm] (dppm=Ph2PCH2PPh2) with PhP(SiMe3)2 and P(SiMe3)3 leads to the formation of the gold cluster compound [Au18(P)2(PPh)4(PHPh)(dppm)6]Cl3 (1). The crystal structure investigation shows a central Au7P2 unit formed by two P centered gold tetrahedra sharing the central gold corner. This central unit is surrounded by a 10-membered Au5P5 ring which, together with the remaining six gold atoms, builds two Au4P rectangular and two Au3P trigonal pyramids. The different structure motifs are connected by the phosphine ligands. The compound has been characterized using microanalysis, IR spectroscopy, ESI-MS, and 31P NMR techniques. Luminescence measurements have also been carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Sevillano
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Postfach 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Kretschmer WP, ten Brummelhuis B, Meetsma A, Teuben JH. Darstellung und Charakterisierung von Bis(η5-1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclo-pentadienyl)(η3-1-phenylallyl)lanthanum˙Tetrahydrofuran. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200600141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Tobisch S. Mechanism andexo-Regioselectivity of Organolanthanide-Mediated Intramolecular Hydroamination/Cyclization of 1,3-Disubstituted Aminoallenes: A Computational Study. Chemistry 2006; 12:2520-31. [PMID: 16342226 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200501017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The complete catalytic reaction course for the organolanthanide-assisted intramolecular hydroamination/cyclization (IHC) of 4,5-heptadien-1-ylamine by a prototypical [(eta(5)-Me5C5)2LuCH(SiMe3)2] precatalyst has been critically scrutinized by employing a reliable DFT method. A computationally verified mechanistic scenario for the IHC of 1,3-disubstituted aminoallene substrates has been proposed that is consistent with the empirical rate law determined by experiment and accounts for crucial experimental observations. It involves kinetically rapid substrate association and dissociation equilibria, facile and reversible intramolecular allenic C=C insertion into the Ln-N bond, and turnover-limiting protonation of the azacycle's tether functionality, with the amine-amidoallene-Ln adduct complex representing the catalyst's resting state. This mechanistic scenario bears resemblance to the mechanism that has been recently proposed in a computational exploration of aminodiene IHC. The unique features of the IHC of the two substrate classes are discussed. Furthermore, the thermodynamic and kinetic factors that control the regio- and stereoselectivity of aminoallene IHC have been elucidated. These achievements have provided a deeper insight into the catalytic structure-reactivity relationships in organolanthanide-assisted cyclohydroamination of unsaturated C-C functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Tobisch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Fachbereich Chemie, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, 06210 Halle, Germany.
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Tobisch S. Organolanthanide-Mediated Intermolecular Hydroamination of 1,3-Dienes: Mechanistic Insights from a Computational Exploration of Diverse Mechanistic Pathways for the Stereoselective Hydroamination of 1,3-Butadiene with a Primary Amine Supported by anansa-Neodymocene-Based Catalyst. Chemistry 2005; 11:6372-85. [PMID: 16086337 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The complete catalytic reaction course for the organolanthanide-mediated intermolecular hydroamination of 1,3-butadiene and n-propylamine by an archetypical [Me2Si(eta5-Me4C5)2NdCH(SiMe3)2] precatalyst was critically scrutinized by employing a reliable gradient-corrected DFT method. A free-energy profile of the overall reaction is presented that is based on the thorough characterization of all crucial elementary steps for a tentative catalytic cycle. A computationally verified, revised mechanistic scenario is proposed which is consistent with the experimentally derived empirical rate law and accounts for crucial experimental observations. It involves kinetically mobile reactant association/dissociation equilibria and facile, reversible intermolecular diene insertion into the Nd-amido bond, linked to turnover-limiting protonolysis of the eta3-butenyl-Nd functionality. The computationally predicted effective kinetics (Delta(tot) = 11.3 kcal mol(-1), Delta(tot) = -35.7 e.u.) are in reasonably good agreement with experimental data for the thoroughly studied hydroamination of alkynes. The thermodynamic and kinetic factors that determine the almost complete regio- and stereoselectivity of the mechanistically diverse intermolecular 1,3-diene hydroamination have been unraveled. The present computational study complements experiments because it allows, first, a more detailed understanding and a consistent rationalization of the experimental results for the hydroamination of 1,3-dienes and primary amines and, second, enhances the insights into general mechanistic aspects of organolanthanide-mediated intermolecular hydroamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Tobisch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Fachbereich Chemie, Germany.
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Tobisch S. Organolanthanide-Mediated Ring-Opening Ziegler Polymerization (ROZP) of Methylenecycloalkanes: A Theoretical Mechanistic Investigation of Alternative Mechanisms for Chain Initiation of the Samarocene-Promoted ROZP of 2-Phenyl-1-methylenecyclopropane. Chemistry 2005; 11:3113-26. [PMID: 15770709 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200401102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A detailed theoretical investigation of alternative mechanisms for chain initiation of the organolanthanide-promoted ring-opening polymerization of 2-phenyl-1-methylenecyclopropane (PhMCP) with an archetypical [Cp2SmH] model catalyst is presented. Several conceivable pathways for important elementary steps, which also included ring-opening isomerization of PhMCP to phenylbutadienes, were critically scrutinized for a tentative course of the catalytic reaction. The operative mechanism starts with the first exo-methylene C=C insertion into the Sm-H bond in a 1,2 fashion and is followed by shift-based beta-alkyl eliminative cyclopropyl ring opening by cleavage of a proximal bond, while the alternative mechanism that commences with 2,1-insertion and subsequent ring opening by distal bond scission is revealed to be almost entirely precluded. The facile and irreversible insertion process is not found to occur in a regioselective fashion. The ring-opening process is analyzed as the critical step that discriminates between the two conceivable mechanisms. Opening of the cyclopropyl ring is kinetically easy and proceeds readily for the 1,2-insertion species, while a prohibitively large barrier must be overcome for ring opening of 2,1-insertion species. The isomerization of PhMCP in a ring-opened fashion, which would afford phenylbutadienes as possible products, is predicted to be a less likely process, owing to both kinetic and thermodynamic factors. The phenyl functionality has been demonstrated to distinguish between the regioisomeric ring-opening pathways, both kinetically and thermodynamically, thereby rendering this process selective with regard to the regiochemistry. Overall, chain initiation of the samarocene-mediated ring-opening polymerization of PhMCP is predicted to be a smooth, kinetically facile process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Tobisch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Fachbereich Chemie, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, 06210 Halle, Germany.
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Thiele KH, Bambirra S, Sieler J, Yelonek S. Herstellung und Eigenschaften von Lanthan-Pyren-Komplexen – Struktur von [(Cp*La)3(μ-Cl)3(thf)(μ-η2:η6:η6-C16H10)], dem ersten Komplex mit einem Pyren-Trianion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(19981016)110:20<3016::aid-ange3016>3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Pyykkö
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O.B. 55 (A.I. Virtasen aukio 1), FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Synthesis, properties and X-ray crystal structure of bis(decamethyllanthanocene)-anthracene. J Organomet Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-328x(96)06145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Beitr�ge zur Organolanthanidchemie. III [1]. Darstellung und Eigenschaften von 1,4-Diaryl-1,3-butadien-Komplexen der Lanthanide. Z Anorg Allg Chem 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.19956210806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kretschmer W, Thiele KH. Beitr�ge zur Organolanthanidchemie. II. Cylopentadienyllanthanid-1,3-butadien-Komplexe - Darstellung, Eigenschaften und Reaktionen. Z Anorg Allg Chem 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.19956210633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Metallorganische verbindungen der lanthanoide XCVI. Ylidartige olefinkoordination in komplexen dreiwertiger 4f-elemente. J Organomet Chem 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-328x(95)05435-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Pluta C, Pörschke KR, Gabor B, Mynott R. {Bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]stannio(II)}bis(η2-ethen)nickel(0) und verwandte Verbindungen, Teil II. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19941270307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Beck W, Niemer B, Wieser M. Methoden zur Synthese von (μ-Kohlenwasserstoff)-Übergangsmetallkomplexen ohne Metall-Metall-Bindung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19931050704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Beck W, Niemer B, Wieser M. Methods for the Synthesis of ?-Hydrocarbon Transition Metal Complexes without Metal-Metal Bonds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.199309233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Bochkarev MN, Fedushkin IL, Cherkasov VK, Nevodchikov VI, Schumann H, Görlitz FH. Reduction of vanadium(II) to vanadium(O) by naphthaleneytterbium: synthesis and X-ray crystal structure of the two-dimensional multidecker complex [(η5-C5H5)V(μ-η6:η2-C10H8)Yb(THF)-(η5-C5H5)]n. Inorganica Chim Acta 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(00)85004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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