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McGlinchey MJ, Hopf H. Reciprocal polyhedra and the Euler relationship: cage hydrocarbons, CH and closo-boranes [BH]. Beilstein J Org Chem 2011; 7:222-33. [PMID: 21499412 PMCID: PMC3063052 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.7.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The closo-boranes BxHx+2, or their corresponding anions [BxHx]2− (where x = 5 through 12) and polycycloalkanes CnHn (where n represents even numbers from 6 through 20) exhibit a complementary relationship whereby the structures of the corresponding molecules, e.g., [B6H6]2− and C8H8 (cubane), are based on reciprocal polyhedra. The vertices in the closo-boranes correspond to faces in its polycyclic hydrocarbon counterpart and vice versa. The different bonding patterns in the two series are described. Several of these hydrocarbons (cubane, pentagonal dodecahedrane and the trigonal and pentagonal prismanes) are known while others still remain elusive. Synthetic routes to the currently known CnHn highly symmetrical polyhedral species are briefly summarized and potential routes to those currently unknown are discussed. Finally, the syntheses of the heavier element analogues of cubane and the prismanes are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McGlinchey
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Heyl D, Rikowski E, Hoffmann R, Schneider J, Fessner WD. A “Clickable” Hybrid Nanocluster of Cubic Symmetry. Chemistry 2010; 16:5544-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Mattay
- Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 10 01 31, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany.
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Mathew T, Tonne J, Sedelmeier G, Grund C, Keller M, Hunkler D, Knothe L, Prinzbach H. [6+6]Photocycloadditions in Face-to-Face Benzo/Pyridazino Substrates – En Route to Azapagodanes. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200601075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kuck D. Three-Dimensional Hydrocarbon Cores Based on Multiply Fused Cyclopentane and Indane Units: Centropolyindanes. Chem Rev 2006; 106:4885-925. [PMID: 17165679 DOI: 10.1021/cr050546+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Kuck
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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Sackers E, Osswald T, Weber K, Keller M, Hunkler D, Wörth J, Knothe L, Prinzbach H. Bromination of Unsaturated Dodecahedranes—En Route to C20 Fullerene. Chemistry 2006; 12:6242-54. [PMID: 16927320 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200501609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
As part of a study to achieve selective oligo(poly)bromination-ultimately perbromination-of the dodecahedral C(20) skeleton, the extent and direction of the ionic bromination of dodecahedrene and 1,16-dodecahedradiene were explored. Along sequences of Br(+) additions/deprotonations and allylic rearrangements, up to ten hydrogen atoms were substituted (traces of C(20)H(x)Br(10)). Tetrabromododecahedrenes obtained under defined conditions in up to 50 % total yield with three and four allylic bromine substituents protecting the extremely bent C==C bonds, proved highly unreactive even towards oxygen but reacted rapidly with CH(2)N(2). Upon electron impact ionization (MS) of the newly secured oligo(poly)bromododecahedra(e)nes, sequential loss of the substituents ended generally in polyunsaturated dodecahedranes (in the extreme C(20)H(4), "tetrahydro-C(20) fullerenes"). Only subsequently did skeletal fragmentations occur. From X-ray crystal-structure analyses, more information was obtained on the structural response of the dodecahedral skeleton to the strain induced by the voluminous substituents. As Appendix, the forcing radical bromination of 1,6-dibromododecahedrane and exploratory cis-beta-HBr/cis-beta-Br(2) eliminations in bromododecahedranes with [Fe(2)(CO)(9)], P(2)F/[FeCp(2)] and [Fe(tmeda)Cp*Cl] (in situ protection) are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmerich Sackers
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Prinzbach H, Wahl F, Weiler A, Landenberger P, Wörth J, Scott LT, Gelmont M, Olevano D, Sommer F, von Issendorff B. C20 Carbon Clusters: Fullerene–Boat–Sheet Generation, Mass Selection, Photoelectron Characterization. Chemistry 2006; 12:6268-80. [PMID: 16823785 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200501611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Electron-impact ionization in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer of C(20)H(0-3)Br(14-12) probes-secured from C(20)H(20) dodecahedrane by a "brute-force" bromination protocol-provided bromine-free C(20)H(0-2(3)) anions in amounts that allowed the clean mass-separation of the hydrogen-free C(20) (-) ions and the photoelectron (PE) spectroscopic characterization as C(20) fullerene (electron affinity (EA)=2.25+/-0.03 eV, vibrational progressions of 730+/-70). The extremely strained C(20) fullerene ions surfaced as kinetically rather stable entities (lifetime of at least the total flight time of 0.4 ms); they only very sluggishly expel a C(2) unit. The HOMO and LUMO are suggested to be almost degenerate (DeltaE=0.27 eV). The assignment as a fullerene was corroborated by the PE characterization of the C(20) bowl (EA=2.17+/-0.03 eV, vibrational progression of 2060+/-50 cm(-1)) analogously generated from C(20)H(10) corannulene (C(20)H(1-3)Br(9-8) samples) and comparably stable. Highly resolved low-temperature PE spectra of the known C(20) ring (EA=2.49+/-0.03 eV, vibrational progressions 2022+/-45 and 455+/-30 cm(-1)), obtained from graphite, display an admixture of, most probably, a bicyclic isomer (EA=3.40+/-0.03 eV, vibrational progression 455+/-30 cm(-1)). The C(20) (+(-)) and C(20)H(2) (+(-)) cluster ions generated from polybrominated perylene (C(20)H(0-2)Br(12-10)) have (most probably) retained the planar perylene-type skeleton (sheet, EA=2.47+/-0.03 eV, vibrational progressions of 2089+/-30 and 492+/-30 cm(-1) and EA=2.18+/-0.03 eV, vibrational progressions of 2105+/-30 and 468+/-30 cm(-1)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Horst Prinzbach
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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Bertau M, Leonhardt J, Weiler A, Weber K, Prinzbach H. The Pagodane → Dodecahedrane Concept-Shorter Routes, Higher Yields. Chemistry 2006; 2:570-579. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.19960020517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/1995] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Exner K, Heizmann M, Yang F, Kegel M, Keller M, Knothe L, Großmann B, Heinze J, Prinzbach H. Towards In-Plane Delocalized 4N/7e Radical Cations and 4N/6e Dications - One-/Two-Electron Oxidation of Proximate-Parallel Bis(N,N'-bicyclic)-bishydrazines. European J Org Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200400647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Reinbold J, Sackers E, Osswald T, Weber K, Weiler A, Voss T, Hunkler D, Wörth J, Knothe L, Sommer F, Morgner N, von IB, Prinzbach H. Unsaturated dodecahedranes--in quest of the C20H14 1,4,16-triene and C20H12 1,4,10(14),16-tetraene, and their cations and anions. Chemistry 2002; 8:509-24. [PMID: 11843163 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20020118)8:2<509::aid-chem509>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The highly pyramidal, highly strained 1,4,16-dodecahedratriene (4) and C20H12 1,4,10(14),16-dodecahedratetraene (5) are cage olefins with an intriguing "inner life". For 5 DFT calculations give information about the energetic and geometrical consequences of one-/two-electron oxidation and reduction. Attempts to prepare 4 and 5 through thermal retro[2+2]/[4+2]cycloaddition strategies proved unsuccessful. Still, the C20H14/C20H12 cage cations and anions are liberated upon electron impact or gas-discharge ionization of their thermally extremely stable tris-/tetrakisanthraceno-anellated derivatives. Mass-selection (photoelectron (PE) characterization) of the anions failed, however, due to the very small anion intensity, the preferential formation of hydrogen-poor ions, and minor cage disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Reinbold
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
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Irngartinger H, Altreuther A, Sommerfeld T, Stojanik T. Pyramidalization in Derivatives of Bicyclo[5.1.0]oct-1(7)-enes and 2,2,5,5-Tetramethylbicyclo[4.1.0]hept-1(6)-enes. European J Org Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0690(200012)2000:24<4059::aid-ejoc4059>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Rasmussen DR, Radom L. Planar tetrakoordinierter Kohlenstoff in einem neutralen gesättigten Kohlenwasserstoff: theoretischer Entwurf und Charakterisierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(19991004)111:19<3051::aid-ange3051>3.0.co;2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Pinkos R, Weiler A, Voss T, Weber K, Wahl F, Melder JP, Fritz H, Hunkler D, Prinzbach H. From Pagodanes to Homologous, Non-Pentagonal Dodecahedranes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.199719971010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Butenschön H. Pentalen als Komplexligand: neue Entwicklungen in der Chemie nichtalternierender hochungesättigter Kohlenwasserstoffe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19971091605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Sharma V, Keller M, Weiler A, Hunkler D, Prinzbach H. Von Pagodanen zu nichtpentagonalen (Homo)Dodecahedranen – der Undecacyclo[10. 10.10.0.02, 20.03, 10.04, 19.05, 9.− 06, 18.07, 15.08, 13.019, 22.016, 21]docosan-Käfig. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19961082338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dyker G, Körning J, Jones PG, Bubenitschek P. Oxidative Transformationen eines pyramidalisierten 1,5-Diens. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19951072225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Martin HD, Mayer B, Weber K, Wahl F, Prinzbach H. PE-spectroscopic investigation of nonconjugated π,π interactions in (seco)dodecahedradienes — on the route to an experimental ethylene/ethylene cycloaddition reaction coordinate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.1995199511283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Jens Wolff J. Kontrolle der Reaktivität von Doppelbindungen durch ihre räumliche Fixierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19951072007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Haag R, de Meijere A, Stalke D, Fleischer R. Dilithiumacepentalendiid: ein ungewöhnliches Dimer von Kontaktionen-Tripeln mit schalenförmigen Dianionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19951071338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Quast H, Dietz T, Peters EM, Peters K, von Schnering HG. Optimised preparation of 1,5-dialkylsemibullvalenes. European J Org Chem 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.1995199507157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gescheidt G, Herges R, Neumann H, Heinze J, Wollenweber M, Etzkorn M, Prinzbach H. 4c/3e-Radikalkationen mit Käfig-gesteuerten Konfigurationen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19951070922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Streubel R. Phosphaalkin-Cyclooligomere: von Dimeren zu Hexameren – erste Schritte auf dem Weg zu Phosphor-Kohlenstoff-Käfigverbindungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19951070407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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