1
|
Pfaffenbach M, Roller A, Gaich T. Synthesis of Indolophanes by Photochemical Macrocyclization. Chemistry 2016; 22:8444-7. [PMID: 27037758 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthetically practical, short, and general access to novel indolophane architectures by means of a photochemical C-H activation process-the Witkop cyclization. These highly strained scaffolds were obtained by photoinduced ring closure and feature atropisomerism as well as aromatic ring current effects, which both have been investigated. The prevailing regioselectivity of theWitkop cyclization reaction was completely reversed by the presence of a quaternary carbon center, exerting a strong Thorpe-Ingold effect on the system for which experimental-evidence is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Pfaffenbach
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Alexander Roller
- Center for X-ray Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanja Gaich
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
|
3
|
Yu CY, Helliwell M, Raftery J, Turner ML. Synthesis and Ring-Opening Metathesis of Tetraalkoxy-Substituted [2.2]Paracyclophane-1,9-dienes. Chemistry 2011; 17:6991-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
4
|
Kuck D. Three-Dimensional Hydrocarbon Cores Based on Multiply Fused Cyclopentane and Indane Units: Centropolyindanes. Chem Rev 2006; 106:4885-925. [PMID: 17165679 DOI: 10.1021/cr050546+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Kuck
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Niess B, Hartung IV, Haustedt LO, Hoffmann HMR. Synthesis of a Tetradehydro-Disorazole C1. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
6
|
Roche AJ, Marchione AA, Rabinowitz SA. Full multinuclear resonance analysis of 4-amino-1,1,2,2,9,9,10,10-octafluoro[2.2]paracyclophane. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2005; 43:1016-22. [PMID: 16142842 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.1707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The complete assignment of 19F, 1H and 13C NMR spectra for a monosubstituted octafluoro[2.2]paracyclophane derivative is described for the first time. The unambiguous assignments were achieved through the combination of 19F--1H HOESY, 1H COSY and 19F COSY techniques and then further confirmed employing a complementary approach using a Karplus-dependent 3JCF interaction. Interesting aspects of the coupling patterns for various JHH, JHF, JCF and JFF interactions are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Roche
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Chemistry, 315 Penn St, Camden, NJ 08102-1411, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Clay MD, Fallis AG. Acetylenic Allenophanes: An Asymmetric Synthesis of a Bis(alleno)-bis(butadiynyl)-meta-cyclophane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200500484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
8
|
Clay MD, Fallis AG. Acetylenic Allenophanes: An Asymmetric Synthesis of a Bis(alleno)-bis(butadiynyl)-meta-cyclophane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:4039-42. [PMID: 15906404 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200500484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Clay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Aly AA. Triple self-condensation of fused cycloalkanonylparacyclophanes promoted by titanium tetrachloride and triethylamine. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.11.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
10
|
Photochemical synthesis of [2.2](3,8)-pyridazinophane and quinolinophane-2(1H)-one as well as synthesis of [2](5,8)-quinolinophanes and fused spiro-pyranoindanoparacyclophanes. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(03)00112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
11
|
Affiliation(s)
- Graham J Bodwell
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X7 Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
In contrast to the terminal phosphinidene complex PhPW(CO)(5) (2), which adds to [5]metacyclophane (1) in a 1,4-fashion, dichlorocarbene preferentially adds in a 1,2-fashion to the formal "anti-Bredt" type double bond of the aromatic ring of 1 to afford the norcaradiene 11b, which immediately rearranges to the bridged cycloheptatriene 12b and further by a [1,5] sigmatropic chlorine migration to the isomeric 13b as the first observable product. More slowly, the latter isomerizes via a dissociative mechanism to give 15b. A computational study supports the notion that the [1,5] chlorine migration in the rearrangement 12b --> 13b, for which an activation barrier of 70.2 kJ mol(-)(1) was calculated, is essentially concerted with minor charge separation. In contrast, the analogous [1,5] chlorine migration in the flat model compound 7,7-dichlorocycloheptatriene (12a) displays features of a dissociative pathway.
Collapse
|
13
|
Collins SK, Yap GPA, Fallis AG. The Synthesis of a Novel Strained Diyneparacyclophane and Its Dimer by Metal-Mediated Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(20000117)112:2<393::aid-ange393>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
14
|
Bodwell GJ, Li J, Miller DO. Synthesis, structure and AM1 conformational study of [3]paracyclo[3](1,3)indolophane, a novel chiral cyclophane. Tetrahedron 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(99)00792-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
15
|
Tellenbröker J, Kuck D. Tribenzotriquinacene mit sechsfacher peripherer Funktionalisierung – potentielle Bausteine für neuartige organische Netze. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(19990401)111:7<1000::aid-ange1000>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
16
|
de Frutos Ó, Gómez-Lor B, Granier T, Monge MÁ, Gutiérrez-Puebla E, Echavarren AM. syn-Trialkylierte Truxene: Bausteine, die durch Arenstapelung selbstassoziieren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(19990115)111:1/2<186::aid-ange186>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
17
|
Buchholz HA, Höfer J, Noltemeyer M, de Meijere A. A New Method for the Selective Bridge Functionalization of [2.2]Paracyclophanediene – Indenyl-Annelated [2.2]Paracyclophanedienes and Their Iron Complexes. European J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0690(199809)1998:9<1763::aid-ejoc1763>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
18
|
Habel M, Niederalt C, Grimme S, Nieger M, Vögtle F. The First 1,10-Diaza[2.2]metacyclophanes – Strained Medium Membered Heterocycles⋆. European J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0690(199807)1998:7<1471::aid-ejoc1471>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
19
|
van Eis MJ, Franciscus J. J. de Kanter,, Willem H. de Wolf, and, Bickelhaupt F. 12,15-Dichloro[3.0]orthometacyclophane: A Highly Strained Biphenylophane. J Am Chem Soc 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ja973876n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maurice J. van Eis
- Contribution from the Scheikundig Laboratorium, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, NL-1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Franciscus J. J. de Kanter,
- Contribution from the Scheikundig Laboratorium, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, NL-1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem H. de Wolf, and
- Contribution from the Scheikundig Laboratorium, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, NL-1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Friedrich Bickelhaupt
- Contribution from the Scheikundig Laboratorium, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, NL-1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Kammermeier S, Jones PG, Herges R. Gürtelförmige aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe durch Metathesereaktionen mit Tetradehydrodianthracen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19971092021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|