1
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Pham TT. Advances in Carbon‐Carbon Bond Activation by Using Photocatalysts: A Mini Review. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Thanh Pham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry New Mexico State University 1175 N Horseshoe Dr. Las Cruces NM 88003
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2
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Stangier M, Scheremetjew A, Ackermann L. Chemo- and Site-Selective Electro-Oxidative Alkane Fluorination by C(sp 3 )-H Cleavage. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201654. [PMID: 35844078 PMCID: PMC9804291 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical fluorinations of C(sp3 )-H bonds with a nucleophilic fluoride source have been accomplished in a chemo- and site-selective fashion, avoiding the use of electrophilic F+ sources and stoichiometric oxidants. The introduced metal-free strategy exhibits high functional group tolerance, setting the stage for late-stage fluorinations of biorelevant motifs. The synthetic utility of the C(sp3 )-H fluorination was reflected by subsequent one-pot arylation of the generated benzylic fluorides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Stangier
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh)Georg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Alexej Scheremetjew
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh)Georg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh)Georg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
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3
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Gant Kanegusuku AL, Roizen JL. Recent Advances in Photoredox-Mediated Radical Conjugate Addition Reactions: An Expanding Toolkit for the Giese Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21116-21149. [PMID: 33629454 PMCID: PMC8382814 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Photomediated Giese reactions are at the forefront of radical chemistry, much like the classical tin-mediated Giese reactions were nearly forty years ago. With the global recognition of organometallic photocatalysts for the mild and tunable generation of carbon-centered radicals, chemists have developed a torrent of strategies to form previously inaccessible radical intermediates that are capable of engaging in intermolecular conjugate addition reactions. This Review summarizes advances in photoredox-mediated Giese reactions since 2013, with a focus on the breadth of methods that provide access to crucial carbon-centered radical intermediates that can engage in radical conjugate addition processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer L Roizen
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Box 90346, Durham, NC, 27708-0354, USA
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4
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Gant Kanegusuku AL, Roizen JL. Recent Advances in Photoredox‐Mediated Radical Conjugate Addition Reactions: An Expanding Toolkit for the Giese Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer L. Roizen
- Department of Chemistry Duke University Box 90346 Durham NC 27708-0354 USA
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5
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Ye Y, Yue Y, Guo X, Chao J, Yang Y, Sun C, Lv Q, Liu J. Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of N‐Pyridylindole Leading to Fused Quinazolinones. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Ye
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang, Henan 453007 P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Yue
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang, Henan 453007 P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang, Henan 453007 P. R. China
| | - Junli Chao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang, Henan 453007 P. R. China
| | - Yan Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang, Henan 453007 P. R. China
| | - Chunying Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang, Henan 453007 P. R. China
| | - Qingzhang Lv
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang, Henan 453007 P. R. China
| | - Jianming Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang, Henan 453007 P. R. China
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6
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Nakashima T, Fujimori H, Ohmatsu K, Ooi T. Exploiting Transient Radical Cations as Brønsted Acids for Allylic C-H Heteroarylation of Enol Silyl Ethers. Chemistry 2021; 27:9253-9256. [PMID: 33938616 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Intermediary radical cations, generated through single-electron oxidation of enol silyl ethers by excited Ir-based photocatalysts, can be exploited as Brønsted acids for the activation of heteroarylcyanides. This strategy enables the direct allylic C-H heteroarylation of enol silyl ethers under visible-light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Nakashima
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), and Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Haruka Fujimori
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), and Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Ohmatsu
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), and Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takashi Ooi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), and Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
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7
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Zhao P, Wang K, Yue Y, Chao J, Ye Y, Tang Q, Liu J. Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Amination of Indole Derivatives
via
Single‐Electron Transfer. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peizheng Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHenan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 P. R. China.) and
| | - Ke Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHenan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 P. R. China.) and
| | - Yuanyuan Yue
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHenan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 P. R. China.) and
| | - Junli Chao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHenan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 P. R. China.) and
| | - Yaqing Ye
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHenan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 P. R. China.) and
| | - Qinghu Tang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHenan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 P. R. China.) and
| | - Jianming Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHenan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 P. R. China.) and
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8
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Feng Z, Fang Y, Ruan H, Zhao Y, Tan G, Wang X. Stable Radical Cation and Dication of an N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Stabilized Digallene: Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Yong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Huapeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Gengwen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
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9
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Feng Z, Fang Y, Ruan H, Zhao Y, Tan G, Wang X. Stable Radical Cation and Dication of an N-Heterocyclic Carbene Stabilized Digallene: Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6769-6774. [PMID: 31994317 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
One- and two-electron oxidation of a digallene stabilized by an N-heterocyclic carbene afforded the first stable gallium-based radical cation and dication salts, respectively. Structural analysis and theoretical calculations reveal that the oxidation occurs at the Ga=Ga double bond, leading to removal of π electrons of the double bond and a decrease of the bond order. The spin density of the radical cation mainly locates at the two gallium centers as demonstrated by EPR spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. Moreover, the reactivity of the radical cation salt toward nBu3 SnH and cyclo-S8 was studied; a digallium-hydride cation salt containing a Ga-Ga single bond and a gallium sulfide cluster bearing an unprecedented ladder-like Ga4 S4 core structure were obtained, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Huapeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Gengwen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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10
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Zhao H, Li X, Guan R, Jiang H, Zhang M. Synthesis of Diverse Functionalized Quinoxalines by Oxidative Tandem Dual C-H Amination of Tetrahydroquinoxalines with Amines. Chemistry 2019; 25:15858-15862. [PMID: 31560402 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The tandem dual C-H amination of tetrahydroquinoxalines with free amines under aerobic copper catalysis conditions has been demonstrated. The synthetic protocol proceeds with good substrate and functional group compatibility, mild reaction conditions, short reaction time, the use of the naturally abundant [Cu]/O2 catalyst system, excellent chemoselectivity and synthetic efficiency, and with no need for the pre-installation of specific aminating agents, which offers a practical platform for the rapid and diverse synthesis of diaminoquinoxalines. Moreover, this work has shown the potential of single-electron-oxidation-induced C-H functionalization of N-heterocycles, and its application in the development of optoelectronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhao
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P.R. China
| | - Xiu Li
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P.R. China
| | - Rongqing Guan
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P.R. China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P.R. China
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11
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Mondal MK, Zhang L, Feng Z, Tang S, Feng R, Zhao Y, Tan G, Ruan H, Wang X. Tricoordinate Nontrigonal Pnictogen‐Centered Radical Anions: Isolation, Characterization, and Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manas Kumar Mondal
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- Center of Materials Science and Engineering Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545006 China
| | - Zhongtao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Shuxuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Rui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Gengwen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Huapeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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12
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Mondal MK, Zhang L, Feng Z, Tang S, Feng R, Zhao Y, Tan G, Ruan H, Wang X. Tricoordinate Nontrigonal Pnictogen‐Centered Radical Anions: Isolation, Characterization, and Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:15829-15833. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manas Kumar Mondal
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- Center of Materials Science and Engineering Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545006 China
| | - Zhongtao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Shuxuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Rui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Gengwen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Huapeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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13
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Liu R, Chia SPM, Goh YY, Cheo HW, Fan B, Li R, Zhou R, Wu J. Visible-Light-Mediated Regioselective Allylation, Benzylation, and Silylation of Methylene-Malononitriles via Photoredox-Induced Radical Cation Fragmentation. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongfang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Taiyuan University of Technology; 00024 Taiyuan P.R. China
| | - Shane Pui Mun Chia
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Republic of Singapore
| | - Yi Yiing Goh
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Republic of Singapore
| | - Han Wen Cheo
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Republic of Singapore
| | - Binbin Fan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Taiyuan University of Technology; 00024 Taiyuan P.R. China
| | - Ruifeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Taiyuan University of Technology; 00024 Taiyuan P.R. China
| | - Rong Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Taiyuan University of Technology; 00024 Taiyuan P.R. China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Republic of Singapore
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14
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Suleymanov AA, Ruggi A, Planes OM, Chauvin A, Scopelliti R, Fadaei Tirani F, Sienkiewicz A, Fabrizio A, Corminboeuf C, Severin K. Highly Substituted Δ
3
‐1,2,3‐Triazolines: Solid‐State Emitters with Electrofluorochromic Behavior. Chemistry 2019; 25:6718-6721. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdusalom A. Suleymanov
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie ChimiquesEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Albert Ruggi
- Département de ChimieUniversité de Fribourg 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Ophélie Marie Planes
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie ChimiquesEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Anne‐Sophie Chauvin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie ChimiquesEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie ChimiquesEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie ChimiquesEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Andrzej Sienkiewicz
- Institute of PhysicsÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Alberto Fabrizio
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie ChimiquesEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Clémence Corminboeuf
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie ChimiquesEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Kay Severin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie ChimiquesEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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15
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Feng R, Zhang L, Ruan H, Zhao Y, Tan G, Wang X. A Main‐Group Element Radical Based One‐Dimensional Magnetic Chain. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Huapeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Gengwen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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16
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Feng R, Zhang L, Ruan H, Zhao Y, Tan G, Wang X. A Main-Group Element Radical Based One-Dimensional Magnetic Chain. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:6084-6088. [PMID: 30784151 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The first main-group element radical based one-dimensional magnetic chain (1K)n was realized by one-electron reduction of the pyridinyl functionalized borane 1 with elemental potassium in THF in the absence of 18-crown-6 (18-c-6). The electron spin density of (1K)n mainly resides at the boron centers with a considerable contribution from central benzene and pyridine moieties. The spin centers exhibit an antiferromagnetic interaction as demonstrated by magnetic measurements and theoretical calculations. In contrast, the reduction in the presence of 18-c-6 afforded the separated radical anion salt 1K(Crown), in which the potassium cation was trapped by THF and 18-c-6 molecules. Further one-electron reduction of 1K(Crown) and (1K)n led to the diamagnetic monomer and polymer, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Huapeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Gengwen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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17
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Revathi L, Ravindar L, Fang WY, Rakesh KP, Qin HL. Visible Light-Induced C−H Bond Functionalization: A Critical Review. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lekkala Revathi
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; and School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; 205 Luoshi Road Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070 People's Republic of China
| | - Lekkala Ravindar
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; and School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; 205 Luoshi Road Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070 People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Yin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; and School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; 205 Luoshi Road Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070 People's Republic of China
| | - K. P. Rakesh
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; and School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; 205 Luoshi Road Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070 People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; and School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; 205 Luoshi Road Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070 People's Republic of China
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18
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Kim Y, Kim K, Lee E. Oxime Ether Radical Cations Stabilized by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 57:262-265. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Youngsuk Kim
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity; Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Kimoon Kim
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity; Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Division of Advanced Materials Science; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsung Lee
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity; Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Division of Advanced Materials Science; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
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19
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Kim Y, Kim K, Lee E. Oxime Ether Radical Cations Stabilized by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youngsuk Kim
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity; Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Kimoon Kim
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity; Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Division of Advanced Materials Science; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsung Lee
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity; Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Division of Advanced Materials Science; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
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20
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Pereira R, Ondrisek P, Kubincová A, Otth E, Cvengroš J. Mild Stereoselective Intermolecular Acetoxylation and Azidation of α-C−H Bonds in Tröger's Bases. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raul Pereira
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg-2 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Pavol Ondrisek
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg-2 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Alžbeta Kubincová
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg-2 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Otth
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg-2 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Ján Cvengroš
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg-2 Zürich Switzerland
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21
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Catalytic Carbocation Generation Enabled by the Mesolytic Cleavage of Alkoxyamine Radical Cations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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22
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Zhu Q, Gentry EC, Knowles RR. Catalytic Carbocation Generation Enabled by the Mesolytic Cleavage of Alkoxyamine Radical Cations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:9969-73. [PMID: 27403637 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A new catalytic method is described to access carbocation intermediates via the mesolytic cleavage of alkoxyamine radical cations. In this process, electron transfer between an excited state oxidant and a TEMPO-derived alkoxyamine substrate gives rise to a radical cation with a remarkably weak C-O bond. Spontaneous scission results in the formation of the stable nitroxyl radical TEMPO(.) as well as a reactive carbocation intermediate that can be intercepted by a wide range of nucleophiles. Notably, this process occurs under neutral conditions and at comparatively mild potentials, enabling catalytic cation generation in the presence of both acid sensitive and easily oxidized nucleophilic partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA
| | - Emily C Gentry
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA
| | - Robert R Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA.
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23
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Shen X, Harms K, Marsch M, Meggers E. A Rhodium Catalyst Superior to Iridium Congeners for Enantioselective Radical Amination Activated by Visible Light. Chemistry 2016; 22:9102-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Shen
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Klaus Harms
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Michael Marsch
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Eric Meggers
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
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24
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Nakajima K, Nojima S, Sakata K, Nishibayashi Y. Visible‐Light‐Mediated Aromatic Substitution Reactions of Cyanoarenes with 4‐Alkyl‐1,4‐dihydropyridines through Double Carbon–Carbon Bond Cleavage. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazunari Nakajima
- Institute of Engineering Innovation School of Engineering The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Sunao Nojima
- Institute of Engineering Innovation School of Engineering The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Ken Sakata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hoshi University, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 142-8501 Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Institute of Engineering Innovation School of Engineering The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
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25
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Wang C, Zheng Y, Huo H, Röse P, Zhang L, Harms K, Hilt G, Meggers E. Merger of Visible Light Induced Oxidation and Enantioselective Alkylation with a Chiral Iridium Catalyst. Chemistry 2015; 21:7355-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Niu B, Xu L, Xie P, Wang M, Zhao W, Pittman CU, Zhou A. Diversity-oriented syntheses: coupling reactions between electron-deficient olefins and aryl aldehydes via C(sp2)-H functionalization. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2014; 16:454-8. [PMID: 25062387 DOI: 10.1021/co500086f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A diversity-oriented syntheses by coupling three electron-deficient olefins (vinyl sulfonamides, methacrylamides, and methyl acrylates, respectively) with aryl aldehydes via C(sp(2))-H functionalization were reported. These reactions gave four different skeletal products respectively under environment-friendly and mild conditions. All these reactions are highly regioselective and effective, very suitable for the preparation of synthetic building blocks and compound library, the results will enrich current coupling chemistry of olefins with aldehydes and can be applied to other chemistry areas as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Niu
- Pharmacy
School, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China, 212013
| | - Lei Xu
- Pharmacy
School, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China, 212013
| | - Ping Xie
- Scientific
Information Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road
301, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China, 212013
| | - Min Wang
- Pharmacy
School, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China, 212013
| | - Wannian Zhao
- Pharmacy
School, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China, 212013
| | - Charles U. Pittman
- Department
of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Aihua Zhou
- Pharmacy
School, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China, 212013
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27
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Huo C, Wang C, Wu M, Jia X, Xie H, Yuan Y. Copper(I) Chloride-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Arylation of Glycine Ester and Amide Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Ichikawa J, Tanabe H, Yoshida S, Kawai T, Shinjo M, Fujita T. A new organic two-electron oxidant: 9,10-diaryl-9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-bis(ylium). Chem Asian J 2013; 8:2588-91. [PMID: 23847013 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201300710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junji Ichikawa
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 29-853-4237.
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29
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Cheng GJ, Song LJ, Yang YF, Zhang X, Wiest O, Wu YD. Computational Studies on the Mechanism of the Copper-Catalyzed sp3-CH Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling Reaction. Chempluschem 2013; 78:943-951. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201300117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Kisch H. Semiconductor photocatalysis--mechanistic and synthetic aspects. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 52:812-47. [PMID: 23212748 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201201200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 416] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Preceding work on photoelectrochemistry at semiconductor single-crystal electrodes has formed the basis for the tremendous growth in the three last decades in the field of photocatalysis at semiconductor powders. The reason for this is the unique ability of inorganic semiconductor surfaces to photocatalyze concerted reduction and oxidation reactions of a large variety of electron-donor and -acceptor substrates. Whereas great attention was paid to water splitting and the exhaustive aerobic degradation of pollutants, only a small amount of research also explored synthetic aspects. After introducing the basic mechanistic principles, standard experiments for the preparation and characterization of visible light active photocatalysts as well as the investigation of reaction mechanisms are discussed. Novel atom-economic C-C and C-N coupling reactions illustrate the relevance of semiconductor photocatalysis for organic synthesis, and demonstrate that the multidisciplinary field combines classical photochemistry with electrochemistry, solid-state chemistry, and heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horst Kisch
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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32
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Chen X, Wang X, Zhou Z, Li Y, Sui Y, Ma J, Wang X, Power PP. Reversible σ-Dimerizations of Persistent Organic Radical Cations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201207412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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33
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Chen X, Wang X, Zhou Z, Li Y, Sui Y, Ma J, Wang X, Power PP. Reversible σ-Dimerizations of Persistent Organic Radical Cations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 52:589-92. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201207412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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34
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El-Agamey A, Fukuzumi S. The Remarkable Effect of the Manganese Ion with Dioxygen on the Stability of π-Conjugated Radical Cations. Chemistry 2012; 18:14660-70. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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35
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36
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Wendlandt AE, Suess AM, Stahl SS. Kupferkatalysierte aerobe oxidative C-H-Funktionalisierungen: Trends und Erkenntnisse zum Mechanismus. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201103945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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37
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Wendlandt AE, Suess AM, Stahl SS. Copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidative C-H functionalizations: trends and mechanistic insights. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:11062-87. [PMID: 22034061 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201103945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1103] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The selective oxidation of C-H bonds and the use of O(2) as a stoichiometric oxidant represent two prominent challenges in organic chemistry. Copper(II) is a versatile oxidant, capable of promoting a wide range of oxidative coupling reactions initiated by single-electron transfer (SET) from electron-rich organic molecules. Many of these reactions can be rendered catalytic in Cu by employing molecular oxygen as a stoichiometric oxidant to regenerate the active copper(II) catalyst. Meanwhile, numerous other recently reported Cu-catalyzed C-H oxidation reactions feature substrates that are electron-deficient or appear unlikely to undergo single-electron transfer to copper(II). In some of these cases, evidence has been obtained for the involvement of organocopper(III) intermediates in the reaction mechanism. Organometallic C-H oxidation reactions of this type represent important new opportunities for the field of Cu-catalyzed aerobic oxidations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison E Wendlandt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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38
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Jahjah R, Gassama A, Bulach V, Suzuki C, Abe M, Hoffmann N, Martinez A, Nuzillard JM. Stereoselective Triplet-Sensitised Radical Reactions of Furanone Derivatives. Chemistry 2010; 16:3341-54. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200903045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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39
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Streubel R, Beckmann M, Neumann C, Fankel S, Helten H, Feier‐Iova O, Jones PG, Nieger M. Synthesis, Structure, and Ring‐Expansion Reactions of a 3‐Ferrocenyl‐Substituted 2
H
‐Azaphosphirene Tungsten Complex. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200801234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐Universität Bonn, Gerhard‐Domagk‐Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany, Fax: +49‐228‐73‐9616
| | - Manuela Beckmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Ruprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Neumann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Technischen Universität Braunschweig, Postfach 3329, 38023 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Fankel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐Universität Bonn, Gerhard‐Domagk‐Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany, Fax: +49‐228‐73‐9616
| | - Holger Helten
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐Universität Bonn, Gerhard‐Domagk‐Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany, Fax: +49‐228‐73‐9616
| | - Ovidiu Feier‐Iova
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Ruprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter G. Jones
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Technischen Universität Braunschweig, Postfach 3329, 38023 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, P. O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtasen aukio 1), 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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40
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Tu W, Liu L, Floreancig P. Diastereoselective Tetrahydropyrone Synthesis through Transition-Metal-Free Oxidative Carbon–Hydrogen Bond Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:4184-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200706002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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41
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Tu W, Liu L, Floreancig P. Diastereoselective Tetrahydropyrone Synthesis through Transition-Metal-Free Oxidative Carbon–Hydrogen Bond Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200706002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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42
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Helten H, Neumann C, Espinosa A, Jones PG, Nieger M, Streubel R. Evidence for Ligand-Centered Reactivity of a 17e Radical Cationic 2H-Azaphosphirene Complex. Eur J Inorg Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200700658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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43
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Bouchoux G, Berruyer F, Hiberty PC, Wu W. Classical and Distonic Radical Cations: A Valence Bond Approach. Chemistry 2007; 13:2912-9. [PMID: 17200931 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200600985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The conventional radical cations arising from the ionization of CH(3)CH(2)X (X=F, OH, NH(2), Cl, SH, PH(2)), and their distonic isomers, CH(2)CH(2)XH(.+), were studied by means of standard Møller-Plesset and G2 methods, and by an ab initio valence bond method. Among the conventional structures, two distinct states are considered. In the so-called c' states, the unpaired electron is in an orbital that lies in the plane of the heavy atoms, while the c'' states have their unpaired electron in an orbital lying out of the plane. It is shown that c' states are, as a rule, more stable than the c'' states, by up to approximately 20 kJ mol(-1) depending on the nature of X, owing to a stabilizing interplay of resonating structures. While the geometries of the c'' states are rather similar to those of the neutral molecules, some of the c' states display very different geometries, characterized by elongated C--C bonds, particularly when X=F or, to a lesser extent, when X=OH or Cl. These peculiar geometric features are rationalized by the valence bond analysis, which reveals that the C--C bond in these species is better viewed as a two-center, one-electron bond. The distonic radical cations are generally more stable than the conventional ones (by 20-100 kJ mol(-1)), except for the less electronegative X groups of the series, namely X=SH and PH(2). In these two cases, together with X=NH(2), the radical cation displays a classical distonic structure, as regards the geometry and electronic state. On the other hand, considerable C--X elongation is found for X=F or Cl. In these last cases, the valence bond analysis shows that the radical cation is better viewed as an ion-molecule complex between an ionized ethylene and a neutral HX molecule. The electronic structure of the distonic radical cation with X=OH lies between the two previous limiting descriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Bouchoux
- Laboratoire des Mécanismes Réactionnels, UMR CNRS 7651, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France.
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44
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Abstract
Electron transfer is the simplest reaction possible, yet it has a profound impact on the structure and reactivity of organic compounds. These changes allow a new look at some of the fundamental concepts that are used to explain organic chemistry, such as symmetry, aromaticity, and bonding. The results from high-level electronic structure calculations are used to analyze the mechanistic differences in the pericyclic reactions of simple hydrocarbons and their radical cation counterparts. The importance of state symmetry correlation, Jahn-Teller distortions, delocalization, and fractional bonding for the reaction pathways of hydrocarbon radical cations is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Donoghue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5670, USA
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45
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Grota J, Mattay J, Piech K, Bally T. Oxidative Rearrangements of Tricyclic Vinylcyclobutane Derivatives. Chemistry 2006; 12:4559-67. [PMID: 16596683 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200501338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Three tricyclic vinylcyclobutanes (3-methylenetricyclo[5.3.0.0(2,6)]decanes 1-3) have been subjected to ionization by photoinduced electron transfer in solution and by X-irradiation in Ar matrices. All three compounds undergo oxidative cycloreversion; the cleavage of the four-membered ring, however, occurs in a different direction depending on the presence of a methyl group in position 6 of the tricyclic framework. In those derivatives, cycloreversion is found to lead to 1-methyl-8-methylene-1,6-cyclodecadiene radical cations (5.+ from 1, 8.+) from 2) which upon back electron transfer yield two different hydrocarbons (6 from 5.+, 9 from 8.+), depending on the configuration around the endocyclic double bonds of the respective cyclodecadiene derivative. In the absence of a methyl group on C6, the cycloreversion leads to a radical cation complex between 1-methylenecyclopent-2-ene and cyclopentene (12.+) which appears to revert to 3 on back electron transfer. The intermediate radical cations 5.+, 8.+, and 12.+ have been identified and characterized by UV/Vis and IR spectra in Ar matrices. The mechanism of their formation is elucidated by quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Grota
- Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany.
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Pulse radiolysis of pyrene in aprotic polar organic solvents: simultaneous formation of pyrene radical cations and radical anions. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-806x(02)00392-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Baciocchi E, Bietti M, Chiavarino B, Crestoni ME, Fornarini S. The deprotonation of benzyl alcohol radical cations: a mechanistic dichotomy in the gas phase as in solution. Chemistry 2002; 8:532-7. [PMID: 11843165 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20020118)8:2<532::aid-chem532>3.0.co;2-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The gas-phase acidity of ionized benzyl alcohol and of some of its derivatives with selected reference bases has been studied by Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry. The aim was to relate the gas-phase reactivity to the behavior in aqueous solution of the radical cations of benzyl alcohols bearing methoxy substituent(s) on the phenyl ring which are known to undergo deprotonation at both the CH2 and OH groups. The dual reactivity behavior is confirmed in the gas phase, in which the prototypical ion, C6H5CH2OH*+, is deprotonated at both the CH2 and OH groups, whereas the ring hydrogens are not involved. An increasing extent of O-deprotonation is shown as the strength of the base increases. Appropriate methyl substitution, as in the radical cations of C6H5C(Me)2OH and C6H5CH2OMe, allows only O- or C-acidity. The two processes are characterized by comparable thermodynamic features with a Gas-phase Basicity (GB) value of 852 kJ mol(-1) for the cumyloxyl radical and 850 kJ mol(-1) for the alpha-methoxybenzyl radical. The possible origin of the observed mechanistic dichotomy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Baciocchi
- Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Sostanze Biologicamente Attive, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Italy
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Steenken S, Vieira AJSC. Wasserunterstützter intramolekularer Elektronentransfer vom Ring zur Seitenkette inN,N,N′,N′-Tetraalkyl-p-phenylendiamin-Radikalen - Umkehrung der Seitenketten-Deprotonierung von Radikalkationen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20010202)113:3<581::aid-ange581>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Steenken S, Vieira AJSC. Water-Assisted Intramolecular Electron Transfer from the Ring to the Side Chain in N,N,N′,N′-Tetraalkyl-para-phenylenediamine Radicals-The Reverse of Side Chain Deprotonation of Radical Cations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20010202)40:3<571::aid-anie571>3.0.co;2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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50
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Carreño MC, Cuerva JM, Ribagorda M, Echavarren AM. Direkte Synthese vonN-Arylchinoniminacetalen und Chinoliminen aus Acetalen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(19990517)111:10<1552::aid-ange1552>3.0.co;2-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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