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Sicard L, Lafolet F, Boggio Pasqua M, Bucher C, Royal G, Cobo S. New insights into the redox properties of pyridinium appended 1,2-Dithienylcyclopentenes. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200004. [PMID: 35175689 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The optical and redox properties of a methyl pyridinium appended 1,2-dithienylethene photochromic derivative have been thoroughly investigated. A complex multi-step photo/redox mechanism is proposed for the closed isomer on the ground of spectro-electrochemical and theoretical data. The generated compounds are not stable over the time because of chemical reactions associated to the redox processes and a new dithienylethene derivative incorporating a seven-membered ring has been isolated and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lambert Sicard
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, Departement de chimie Moleculaire, FRANCE
| | - Frederic Lafolet
- ITODYS: Interfaces Traitements Organisation et Dynamique des Systemes, Chemistry, FRANCE
| | | | | | - Guy Royal
- DCM: Departement de Chimie Moleculaire, Chemistry, FRANCE
| | - Saioa Cobo
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, Departement de Chimie Moleculaire, 301 rue de la Chimie, FRANCE
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2
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Baggi N, Léaustic A, Groni S, Anxolabéhère-Mallart E, Guillot R, Métivier R, Maurel F, Yu P. A Photo- and Redox-Driven Two-Directional Terthiazole-Based Switch: A Combined Experimental and Computational Investigation. Chemistry 2021; 27:12866-12876. [PMID: 34213798 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Terthiazoles with redox-active substituents like an N-methyl pyridinium group and ferrocene have been synthesized and their photo- and electro-chromic behaviors were investigated. The presence of two lateral N-methyl pyridinium substituents in the structure of terthiazole proved to be effective in inducing not only the reductive ring-closure of the terthiazole core but also its oxidative ring-opening reaction, leading to the first terarylene-based switch able to fully operate both photochemically and electrochemically. Moreover, the large increase in the redox potential between its open and closed form (700 mV) means that a part of the photon energy necessary to trigger the cyclization is stored in the form of chemical potential available for other works. Introduction of a second redox-active unit such as ferrocene onto the central thiazolyl moiety is found to inhibit the photochromism of the switch but not its redox switchability, which, instead, got improved for the ring-opening reaction via the redox properties of the ferrocenyl unit. The optical and redox properties of the switch in its different oxidation states are analyzed with the aid of DFT calculations in order to rationalize different switching processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Baggi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Anne Léaustic
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Sihem Groni
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, CNRS, 75013, Paris, France
| | | | - Régis Guillot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Rémi Métivier
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Pei Yu
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France
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3
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Khettabi A, Grempka A, Lafolet F, Chatir E, Leconte N, Collomb M, Jouvenot D, Cobo S. Catalytic Light‐Triggered Reduction Promoted by a Dithienylethene Derivative. Chemistry 2020; 26:13359-13362. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amina Khettabi
- Université Grenoble Alpes DCM UMR 5250 38000 Grenoble France
| | | | - Frederic Lafolet
- Université de Paris ITODYS CNRS, UMR 7086 15 rue J-A de Baïf 75013 Paris France
| | - Elarbi Chatir
- Université Grenoble Alpes DCM UMR 5250 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Nicolas Leconte
- Université Grenoble Alpes DCM UMR 5250 38000 Grenoble France
| | | | - Damien Jouvenot
- Université Grenoble Alpes DCM UMR 5250 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Saioa Cobo
- Université Grenoble Alpes DCM UMR 5250 38000 Grenoble France
- Institut Universitaire de France 1 rue Descartes 75231 Paris France
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4
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Zhuge Y, Xu D, Zheng C, Pu S. An ionic liquid-modified diarylethene: Synthesis, properties and sensing cyanide ions. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1079:153-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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5
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Kleinwächter M, Teichmann E, Grubert L, Herder M, Hecht S. Oxidative and reductive cyclization in stiff dithienylethenes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2812-2821. [PMID: 30498531 PMCID: PMC6244239 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrochemical behavior of stiff dithienylethenes, undergoing double bond isomerization in addition to ring-closure, has been investigated. Electrochromism was observed in almost all cases, with the major pathway being the oxidatively induced cyclization of the open isomers. The influence of the ring size (to lock the reactive antiparallel conformation) as well as substituents (to modulate the redox potential) on the electrocyclization was examined. In the series of derivatives with 6-membered rings, both the E- and the Z-isomer convert to the closed isomer, whereas for the 7-membered rings no cyclization from the E-isomer was observed. For both stiff and normal dithienylethenes bearing benzonitrile substituents an additional and rare reductive electrocyclization was observed. The mechanism underlying both observed electrocyclization pathways has been elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kleinwächter
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ellen Teichmann
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lutz Grubert
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Herder
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hecht
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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6
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Mulas A, He X, Hervault YM, Norel L, Rigaut S, Lagrost C. Dual-Responsive Molecular Switches Based on Dithienylethene-RuII
Organometallics in Self-Assembled Monolayers Operating at Low Voltage. Chemistry 2017; 23:10205-10214. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mulas
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226; CNRS-Université de Rennes 1; Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes Cedex France
| | - Xiaoyan He
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226; CNRS-Université de Rennes 1; Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes Cedex France
| | - Yves-Marie Hervault
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226; CNRS-Université de Rennes 1; Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes Cedex France
| | - Lucie Norel
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226; CNRS-Université de Rennes 1; Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes Cedex France
| | - Stéphane Rigaut
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226; CNRS-Université de Rennes 1; Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes Cedex France
| | - Corinne Lagrost
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226; CNRS-Université de Rennes 1; Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes Cedex France
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7
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Wang H, Lin H, Xu W, Zhu D. Nonsymmetrical Dithienylethenes Bearing Dithieno[3,2‐
b
:2′,3′‐
d
]thiophene Units with Photochromic Performance in the Crystalline Phase. Chemistry 2013; 19:3366-73. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongke Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (P.R. China)
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 (P.R. China)
| | - Hui Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (P.R. China)
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 (P.R. China)
| | - Wei Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (P.R. China)
| | - Daoben Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (P.R. China)
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8
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Berberich M, Natali M, Spenst P, Chiorboli C, Scandola F, Würthner F. Nondestructive Photoluminescence Read-Out by Intramolecular Electron Transfer in a Perylene Bisimide-Diarylethene Dyad. Chemistry 2012; 18:13651-64. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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9
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Gallardo I, Guirado G, Moreno M, Prats G, Takeshita M. Bidirectional redox molecular switches: electron-induced cyclization and cycloreversion processes in metacyclophanes. Chemistry 2012; 18:9807-12. [PMID: 22786581 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iluminada Gallardo
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Léaustic A, Anxolabéhère-Mallart E, Maurel F, Midelton S, Guillot R, Métivier R, Nakatani K, Yu P. Photochromic and Reductive Electrochemical Switching of a Dithiazolylethene with Large Redox Modulation. Chemistry 2011; 17:2246-55. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Berberich M, Krause AM, Orlandi M, Scandola F, Würthner F. Toward Fluorescent Memories with Nondestructive Readout: Photoswitching of Fluorescence by Intramolecular Electron Transfer in a Diaryl Ethene-Perylene Bisimide Photochromic System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200802007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Berberich M, Krause AM, Orlandi M, Scandola F, Würthner F. Toward Fluorescent Memories with Nondestructive Readout: Photoswitching of Fluorescence by Intramolecular Electron Transfer in a Diaryl Ethene-Perylene Bisimide Photochromic System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:6616-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200802007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Zhou Z, Yang H, Shi M, Xiao S, Li F, Yi T, Huang C. Photochromic Organoboron-Based Dithienylcyclopentene Modulated by Fluoride and Mercuric(II) Ions. Chemphyschem 2007; 8:1289-92. [PMID: 17492736 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200600723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Zhou
- Department of Chemistry & Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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14
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Browne WR, de Jong JJD, Kudernac T, Walko M, Lucas LN, Uchida K, van Esch JH, Feringa BL. Oxidative Electrochemical Switching in Dithienylcyclopentenes, Part 1: Effect of Electronic Perturbation on the Efficiency and Direction of Molecular Switching. Chemistry 2005; 11:6414-29. [PMID: 16094678 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The electro- and spectroelectrochemical properties of dithienylhexahydro- and dithienyhexafluorocyclopentenes are reported. The large effect of variation in the central cyclopentene moieties on the redox properties of the dithienylcyclopentenes is in striking contrast to the minor effect on their photochemical properties. The electronic properties of the oxidised compounds in the +1 and +2 oxidation state are reported, and the possibility of electrochemical cyclisation and cycloreversion were explored by UV/Vis spectroelectrochemistry. The efficiency of electrochemical switching is found to be dependent both on the central cyclopentene unit and on the nature of the substituents at C5 of the thienyl rings. For the hexahydrocyclopentene-based compounds oxidative ring closure of the ring-open form is observed, while for the hexafluorocyclopentene-based compounds oxidative ring opening of the ring-closed form is observed. However, the introduction of electroactive groups such as methoxyphenyl allows oxidative ring closure to occur in the hexafluoro compounds. The effect of electrolyte, solvent and temperature on the spectroelectrochemical properties were examined, and the switching process was found to be sensitive to the donor properties of the solvent/electrolyte system employed. In addition, thermally activated reversible isomerisation of the dicationic closed form was observed. The driving force for electrochemical ring opening and closure appears to be dependent on the relative stabilisation of the dicationic ring-open and ring-closed states. This study provides insight into the factors which determine the direction of cyclisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley R Browne
- Organic and Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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15
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Browne WR, de Jong JJD, Kudernac T, Walko M, Lucas LN, Uchida K, van Esch JH, Feringa BL. Oxidative Electrochemical Switching in Dithienylcyclopentenes, Part 2: Effect of Substitution and Asymmetry on the Efficiency and Direction of Molecular Switching and Redox Stability. Chemistry 2005; 11:6430-41. [PMID: 16094679 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical properties of a series of C5-substituted dithienylhexahydro- and dithienylhexafluorocyclopentenes are reported. The effect of substitution at C5 of the thienyl moiety on the redox properties is quite dramatic, in contrast to the effect on their photochemical properties. The efficiency of electrochemical switching is dependent both on the central cyclopentene unit and on the nature of the substituents, whereby electron-donating moieties favour oxidative electrochemical ring-closure and vice versa. Asymmetrically substituted dithienylcyclopentenes were investigated to explore the ring-closure process in more detail. The results indicate that electrochemically induced ring-closure occurs via the monocation of the open form. In the presence of electroactive groups at C5 of the thienyl ring (e.g., methoxyphenyl) initial oxidation of these groups is followed by intermolecular electron transfer, which drives ring-closure of the open forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley R Browne
- Organic and Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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