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Moinet EC, Wolf BM, Tardif O, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. Divalent Lanthanide Tetraisobutylaluminates: Reactivity and Living Isoprene Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202219316. [PMID: 36786326 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202219316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide (Ln) tetraisobutylaluminates constitute key components in commercial 1,3-diene polymerization catalysts, and likewise are the homogeneous rare-earth-metal catalysts of prime industrial importance. Discrete divalent rare-earth-metal complexes [Ln(AliBu4 )2 ] (Ln=Sm, Eu, Yb) reported here display the first structurally characterized homoleptic metal tetraisobutylaluminates. Treatment of [Ln(AliBu4 )2 ] with C2 Cl6 gives access to SmII /SmIII mixed-valence cluster [Sm6 Cl8 (AliBu4 )6 ] and the YbII cluster [Yb4 Cl4 (AliBu4 )4 ], respectively. Reaction with B(C6 F5 )3 leads to hydride abstraction and formation of arene-coordinated hydroborates such as [Sm{HB(C6 F5 )3 }2 (toluene)2 ]. Complexes [Ln(AliBu4 )2 ] engage in single-component isoprene polymerization, affording high cis-1,4 polyisoprenes with narrow molecular weight distributions. Binary [Yb(AliBu4 )2 ]/[HNPhMe2 ][B(C6 F5 )4 ] fabricates polyisoprene in a perfectly living manner. The catalytically active species are scrutinized by NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C Moinet
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin M Wolf
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olivier Tardif
- Bridgestone Corporation Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira-shi, Tokyo, 187-8531, Japan
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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2
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Selikhov AN, Boronin EN, Cherkasov AV, Fukin GK, Shavyrin AS, Trifonov AA. Tris(benzhydryl) and Cationic Bis(benzhydryl) Ln(III) Complexes: Exceptional Thermostability and Catalytic Activity in Olefin Hydroarylation and Hydrobenzylation with Substituted Pyridines. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N. Selikhov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences 603137 49 Tropinina str. GSP-445 Nizhny Novgorod Russia
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences 28 Vavilova str. 119991 Moscow, GSP-1 Russia
| | - Egor N. Boronin
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences 603137 49 Tropinina str. GSP-445 Nizhny Novgorod Russia
| | - Anton V. Cherkasov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences 603137 49 Tropinina str. GSP-445 Nizhny Novgorod Russia
| | - Georgy K. Fukin
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences 603137 49 Tropinina str. GSP-445 Nizhny Novgorod Russia
| | - Andrey S. Shavyrin
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences 603137 49 Tropinina str. GSP-445 Nizhny Novgorod Russia
| | - Alexander A. Trifonov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences 603137 49 Tropinina str. GSP-445 Nizhny Novgorod Russia
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences 28 Vavilova str. 119991 Moscow, GSP-1 Russia
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3
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Kanbur U, Sadow AD. Rare-Earth Catalyzed C-H Bond Alumination of Terminal Alkynes. Chemistry 2020; 26:5479-5493. [PMID: 32034950 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Organoaluminum reagents' application in catalytic C-H bond functionalization is limited by competitive side reactions, such as carboalumination and hydroalumination. Herein, rare-earth tetramethylaluminate complexes are shown to catalyze the exclusive C-H bond metalation of terminal alkynes with the commodity reagents trimethyl-, triethyl-, and triisobutylaluminum. Kinetic experiments probing alkyl-group exchange between rare-earth aluminates and trialkylaluminum, C-H bond metalation of alkynes, and catalytic conversions reveal distinct pathways of catalytic aluminations with triethylaluminum versus trimethylaluminum. Most significantly, kinetic data point to reversible formation of a unique [Ln](AlR4 )2 ⋅AlR3 adduct, followed by turnover-limiting alkyne metalation. That is, C-H bond activation occurs from a more associated organometallic species, rather than the expected coordinatively unsaturated species. These mechanistic conclusions allude to a new general strategy for catalytic C-H bond alumination that make use of highly electrophilic metal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uddhav Kanbur
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, 2415 Osborn Dr, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Aaron D Sadow
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, 2415 Osborn Dr, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
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Hollfelder CO, Jende LN, Dietrich H, Eichele K, Maichle‐Mössmer C, Anwander R. 1,3‐Diene Polymerization Promoted by Half‐Sandwich Rare‐Earth‐Metal Dimethyl Complexes: Active Species Clustering and Cationization/Deactivation Processes. Chemistry 2019; 25:7298-7302. [PMID: 30945775 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph O. Hollfelder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Lars N. Jende
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Hans‐Martin Dietrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Klaus Eichele
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle‐Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
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Yu X, Li M, Hong J, Zhou X, Zhang L. Living 3,4‐(Co)Polymerization of Isoprene/Myrcene and One‐Pot Synthesis of a Polyisoprene Blend Catalyzed by Binuclear Rare‐Earth Metal Amidinate Complexes. Chemistry 2019; 25:2569-2576. [PMID: 30537360 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaying Yu
- Department of ChemistryShanghai Key Laboratory of, Molecular Catalysis and Innovative MaterialsFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of ChemistryShanghai Key Laboratory of, Molecular Catalysis and Innovative MaterialsFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Jianquan Hong
- Department of ChemistryShanghai Key Laboratory of, Molecular Catalysis and Innovative MaterialsFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Xigeng Zhou
- Department of ChemistryShanghai Key Laboratory of, Molecular Catalysis and Innovative MaterialsFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Department of ChemistryShanghai Key Laboratory of, Molecular Catalysis and Innovative MaterialsFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
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6
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Dettenrieder N, Dietrich HM, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. Yttrium Siloxide Complexes Bearing Terminal Methyl Ligands: Molecular Models for Ln−CH3Terminated Silica Surfaces. Chemistry 2016; 22:13189-200. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Dettenrieder
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - H. Martin Dietrich
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
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Fischer R, Bode S, Köhler M, Langer J, Görls H, Hager MD, Schubert US, Westerhausen M. Homoleptic Tris(α,ω-alkanediyl)yttriates of the Type [{Li(dme)}3{Y(CH2-X-CH2)3}] (X = C2H4, C3H6, Si(CH3)2). Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500686c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Reinald Fischer
- Institute
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Bode
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Mathias Köhler
- Institute
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jens Langer
- Institute
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin D. Hager
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Westerhausen
- Institute
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Zhang G, Wei Y, Guo L, Zhu X, Wang S, Zhou S, Mu X. Dinuclear Rare-Earth Metal Alkyl Complexes Supported by Indolyl Ligands in μ-η2:η1:η1Hapticities and their High Catalytic Activity for Isoprene 1,4-cis-Polymerization. Chemistry 2014; 21:2519-26. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Nieland A, Mix A, Neumann B, Stammler H, Mitzel NW. Lanthanoid Tetramethylaluminates and Their Paramagnetic NMR Parameters. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201301266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Nieland
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany, http://www.uni‐bielefeld.de/chemie/ac3/ak‐mitzel/start.html
| | - Andreas Mix
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany, http://www.uni‐bielefeld.de/chemie/ac3/ak‐mitzel/start.html
| | - Beate Neumann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany, http://www.uni‐bielefeld.de/chemie/ac3/ak‐mitzel/start.html
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany, http://www.uni‐bielefeld.de/chemie/ac3/ak‐mitzel/start.html
| | - Norbert W. Mitzel
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany, http://www.uni‐bielefeld.de/chemie/ac3/ak‐mitzel/start.html
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10
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Yi W, Zhang J, Zhang F, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Zhou X. Versatile Reactivity of Scorpionate-Anchored YttriumDialkyl Complexes towards Unsaturated Substrates. Chemistry 2013; 19:11975-83. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Bojer D, Venugopal A, Mix A, Neumann B, Stammler H, Mitzel NW. CH Activation versus Yttrium–Methyl Cation Formation from [Y(AlMe4)3] Induced by Cyclic Polynitrogen Bases: Solvent and Substituent‐Size Effects. Chemistry 2011; 17:6248-55. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bojer
- Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld (Germany), Fax: (+49) 521‐1066‐026
| | - Ajay Venugopal
- Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld (Germany), Fax: (+49) 521‐1066‐026
| | - Andreas Mix
- Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld (Germany), Fax: (+49) 521‐1066‐026
| | - Beate Neumann
- Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld (Germany), Fax: (+49) 521‐1066‐026
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld (Germany), Fax: (+49) 521‐1066‐026
| | - Norbert W. Mitzel
- Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld (Germany), Fax: (+49) 521‐1066‐026
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12
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Nieland A, Mix A, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel NW. Cationic rare-earth-metal methyl complexes: a new preparative access exemplified for Y and Pr. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:6753-60. [PMID: 20442946 DOI: 10.1039/c002252g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new procedure for the generation of cationic methyl complexes of rare-earth metals has been developed for yttrium and praseodymium as two examples from the rare-earth series. The reactions of the rare-earth-metal tetramethylaluminates [Ln(AlMe(4))(3)] of yttrium and praseodymium with three differently sized crown ethers in thf, namely [12]crown-4, [15]crown-5 and [18]crown-6, respectively, led to the compounds [YMe([12]crown-4)(2)](2+)[AlMe(4)](-)(2) (1), [PrMe([12]crown-4)(2)](2+)[AlMe(4)](-)(2) (2), [YMe([15]crown-5)(thf)(2)](2+)[AlMe(4)](-)(2) (3), [Pr([15]crown-5)(2)](3+)[AlMe(4)](-)(3) (4), [YMe([18]crown-6)(thf)](2+)[AlMe(4)](-)(2) (5) and [PrMe([18]crown-6)(thf)(2)](2+) [AlMe(4)](-)(2) (6). With the exception of 4, all compounds contain molecular di-cations with a Ln-CH(3) unit bonded to one (3, 4, 6) or two (1, 2) crown-ether molecules. The compounds were characterised by determination of their crystal structures, by elemental analyses and in the case of the yttrium compounds by variable temperature NMR spectroscopy. The latter gives insights into molecular dynamic processes and methyl group exchange between cations and anions in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Nieland
- Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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13
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Kempe R. Rare Earth Polymerization Catalysts Supported by Bulky Aminopyridinato Ligands. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201000195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Döring C, Kretschmer WP, Kempe R. Aminopyridinate-Stabilized Lanthanoid Complexes: Synthesis, Structure and Polymerization of Ethylene and Isoprene. Eur J Inorg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201000097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Robert D, Abinet E, Spaniol TP, Okuda J. Cationic allyl complexes of the rare-earth metals: synthesis, structural characterization, and 1,3-butadiene polymerization catalysis. Chemistry 2010; 15:11937-47. [PMID: 19784969 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Monocationic bis-allyl complexes [Ln(eta(3)-C(3)H(5))(2)(thf)(3)](+)[B(C(6)X(5))(4)](-) (Ln = Y, La, Nd; X = H, F) and dicationic mono-allyl complexes of yttrium and the early lanthanides [Ln(eta(3)-C(3)H(5))(thf)(6)](2+)[BPh(4)](2)(-) (Ln = La, Nd) were prepared by protonolysis of the tris-allyl complexes [Ln(eta(3)-C(3)H(5))(3)(diox)] (Ln = Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm; diox = 1,4-dioxane) isolated as a 1,4-dioxane-bridged dimer (Ln = Ce) or THF adducts [Ln(eta(3)-C(3)H(5))(3)(thf)(2)] (Ln = Ce, Pr). Allyl abstraction from the neutral tris-allyl complex by a Lewis acid, ER(3) (Al(CH(2)SiMe(3))(3), BPh(3)) gave the ion pair [Ln(eta(3)-C(3)H(5))(2)(thf)(3)](+)[ER(3)(eta(1)-CH(2)CH=CH(2))](-) (Ln = Y, La; ER(3) = Al(CH(2)SiMe(3))(3), BPh(3)). Benzophenone inserts into the La-C(allyl) bond of [La(eta(3)-C(3)H(5))(2)(thf)(3)](+)[BPh(4)](-) to form the alkoxy complex [La{OCPh(2)(CH(2)CH=CH(2))}(2)(thf)(3)](+)[BPh(4)](-). The monocationic half-sandwich complexes [Ln(eta(5)-C(5)Me(4)SiMe(3))(eta(3)-C(3)H(5))(thf)(2)](+)[B(C(6)X(5))(4)](-) (Ln = Y, La; X = H, F) were synthesized from the neutral precursors [Ln(eta(5)-C(5)Me(4)SiMe(3))(eta(3)-C(3)H(5))(2)(thf)] by protonolysis. For 1,3-butadiene polymerization catalysis, the yttrium-based systems were more active than the corresponding lanthanum or neodymium homologues, giving polybutadiene with approximately 90% 1,4-cis stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Robert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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16
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Döring C, Kretschmer WP, Bauer T, Kempe R. Scandium Aminopyridinates: Synthesis, Structure and Isoprene Polymerization. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Yu N, Nishiura M, Li X, Xi Z, Hou Z. Cationic Scandium Allyl Complexes Bearing Mono(cyclopentadienyl) Ligands: Synthesis, Novel Structural Variety, and Olefin-Polymerization Catalysis. Chem Asian J 2008; 3:1406-14. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200800145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Zhang L, Nishiura M, Yuki M, Luo Y, Hou Z. Isoprene polymerization with yttrium amidinate catalysts: switching the regio- and stereoselectivity by addition of AlMe3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:2642-5. [PMID: 18306195 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200705120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Zhang
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Zhang L, Nishiura M, Yuki M, Luo Y, Hou Z. Isoprene Polymerization with Yttrium Amidinate Catalysts: Switching the Regio- and Stereoselectivity by Addition of AlMe3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200705120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. Zeimentz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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21
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Meermann C, Törnroos KW, Nerdal W, Anwander R. Rare-Earth Metal Mixed Chloro/Methyl Compounds: Heterogeneous–Homogeneous Borderline Catalysts in 1,3-Diene Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:6508-13. [PMID: 17645268 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200604829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Meermann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway
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Meermann C, Törnroos K, Nerdal W, Anwander R. Rare-Earth Metal Mixed Chloro/Methyl Compounds: Heterogeneous–Homogeneous Borderline Catalysts in 1,3-Diene Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200604829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Zhang L, Suzuki T, Luo Y, Nishiura M, Hou Z. Cationic alkyl rare-earth metal complexes bearing an ancillary bis(phosphinophenyl)amido ligand: a catalytic system for living cis-1,4-polymerization and copolymerization of isoprene and butadiene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:1909-13. [PMID: 17274086 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200604348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Zhang
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Abstract
Very fast, reversible, polyethylene (PE) chain transfer or complex-catalysed "Aufbaureaktion" describes a "living" chain-growing process on a main-group metal or zinc atom; this process is catalysed by an organo-transition-metal or lanthanide complex. PE chains are transferred very fast between the two metal sites and chain growth takes place through ethylene insertion into the transition-metal- or lanthanide-carbon bond-coordinative chain-transfer polymerisation (CCTP). The transferred chains "rest" at the main-group or zinc centre, at which chain-termination processes like beta-H transfer/elimination are of low significance. Such protocols can be used to synthesise very narrowly distributed PE materials (M(w)/M(n)<1.1 up to a molecular weight of about 4000 g mol(-1)) with differently functionalised end groups. Higher molecular-weight polymers can be obtained with a slightly increased M(w)/M(n), since diffusion control and precipitation of the polymers influences the chain-transfer process. Recently, a few transition-metal- or lanthanide-based catalyst systems that catalyse such a highly reversible chain-growing process have been described. They are summarised and compared within this contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhett Kempe
- Anorganische Chemie II, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
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Zhang L, Suzuki T, Luo Y, Nishiura M, Hou Z. Cationic Alkyl Rare-Earth Metal Complexes Bearing an Ancillary Bis(phosphinophenyl)amido Ligand: A Catalytic System for Livingcis-1,4-Polymerization and Copolymerization of Isoprene and Butadiene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200604348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Sheng HT, Zhou H, Guo HD, Sun HM, Yao YM, Wang JF, Zhang Y, Shen Q. Synthesis and molecular structure of the cationic samarium phenoxide complex [(ArO)2Sm(DME)2][BPh4]·THF and its catalytic activity for the polymerization of ε-caprolactone. J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2006.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lukesová L, Ward BD, Bellemin-Laponnaz S, Wadepohl H, Gade LH. High tacticity control in organolanthanide polymerization catalysis: formation of isotactic poly(α-alkenes) with a chiral C3-symmetric thulium complex. Dalton Trans 2007:920-2. [PMID: 17308670 DOI: 10.1039/b700269f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The thulium complexes [Tm((i)Pr-trisox)(CH(2)SiMe(2)R)(3)] (R = Me , Ph ) were synthesized from the thulium trialkyl precursors [Tm(CH(2)SiMe(2)R)(3)(thf)(2)]; reaction of with two equivalents of [Ph(3)C][B(C(6)F(5))(4)] gave a cationic complex 1c, which was found to polymerize 1-hexene, 1-heptene and 1-octene to give the corresponding polyolefins with moderate to good activities and with minimum isotacticity of 90%, 83% and 95%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Lukesová
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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28
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Kretschmer WP, Meetsma A, Hessen B, Schmalz T, Qayyum S, Kempe R. Reversible Chain Transfer between Organoyttrium Cations and Aluminum: Synthesis of Aluminum-Terminated Polyethylene with Extremely Narrow Molecular-Weight Distribution. Chemistry 2006; 12:8969-78. [PMID: 17009362 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200600660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Aminopyridinato-ligand-stabilized organoyttrium cations are accessible in very good yield through alkane elimination from trialkyl yttrium complexes with sterically demanding aminopyridines, followed by abstraction of one of the two alkyl functions using ammonium borates. At 80 degrees C and in the presence of small amounts of aluminum alkyl compounds, very high ethylene polymerization activities are observed if very bulky aminopyridinato ligands are used. During these polymerizations a reversible polyethylene chain transfer is observed between the organoyttrium cations and aluminum alkyls. The chain-transfer catalyst system described here is able to produce relatively long-chain (up to 4000 g mol-1) Al-terminated polyethylene with a molecular-weight distribution<1.1. In the synthesis of higher molecular PE a slight increase in polydispersity with increasing chain length (15,600 g mol-1, approximately 1.4) is observed owing to reduced reversibility caused by higher viscosity and precipitation of polymer chains (temperature of 80-100 degrees C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Winfried P Kretschmer
- Stratingh Institut for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Catalytic Olefin Polymerization, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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29
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Zeimentz PM, Arndt S, Elvidge BR, Okuda J. Cationic Organometallic Complexes of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanoids. Chem Rev 2006; 106:2404-33. [PMID: 16771454 DOI: 10.1021/cr050574s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Zeimentz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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