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Rittinghaus RD, Karabulut A, Hoffmann A, Herres‐Pawlis S. Nachtaktiv: Eisen‐Guanidin‐Komplex katalysiert ROP auf der schlafenden Seite der ATRP. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth D. Rittinghaus
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1a 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Aylin Karabulut
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1a 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1a 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Sonja Herres‐Pawlis
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1a 52074 Aachen Deutschland
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2
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Rittinghaus RD, Karabulut A, Hoffmann A, Herres‐Pawlis S. Active in Sleep: Iron Guanidine Catalyst Performs ROP on Dormant Side of ATRP. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21795-21800. [PMID: 34270162 PMCID: PMC8518923 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Copolymers are the answer to property limitations of homopolymers. In order to use the full variety of monomers available, catalysts active in more than one polymerization mechanism are currently investigated. Iron guanidine catalysts have shown to be extraordinarily active in ROP of lactide and herein prove their versatility by also promoting ATRP of styrene. The presented iron complex is the first polymerizing lactide and styrene simultaneously to a defined block copolymer in a convenient one-pot synthesis. Both mechanisms work hand in hand with ROP using the dominantly present FeII species on the dormant side of the ATRP equilibrium. This orthogonal copolymerization by a benign iron catalyst opens up new pathways to biocompatible polymerization procedures broadening the scope of ATRP applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth D. Rittinghaus
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 1a52074AachenGermany
| | - Aylin Karabulut
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 1a52074AachenGermany
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 1a52074AachenGermany
| | - Sonja Herres‐Pawlis
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 1a52074AachenGermany
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Gural'skiy IA, Shylin SI, Ksenofontov V, Tremel W. Spin‐State‐Dependent Redox‐Catalytic Activity of a Switchable Iron(II) Complex. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Il'ya A. Gural'skiy
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10‐14 55099 Mainz Germany
- Department of Chemistry Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska St. 64 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Sergii I. Shylin
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10‐14 55099 Mainz Germany
- Department of Chemistry Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska St. 64 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Vadim Ksenofontov
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10‐14 55099 Mainz Germany
| | - Wolfgang Tremel
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10‐14 55099 Mainz Germany
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4
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Holmberg RJ, Burns T, Greer SM, Kobera L, Stoian SA, Korobkov I, Hill S, Bryce DL, Woo TK, Murugesu M. Intercalation of Coordinatively Unsaturated Fe(III) Ion within Interpenetrated Metal-Organic Framework MOF-5. Chemistry 2016; 22:7711-5. [PMID: 27061210 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Coordinatively unsaturated Fe(III) metal sites were successfully incorporated into the iconic MOF-5 framework. This new structure, Fe(III) -iMOF-5, is the first example of an interpenetrated MOF linked through intercalated metal ions. Structural characterization was performed with single-crystal and powder XRD, followed by extensive analysis by spectroscopic methods and solid-state NMR, which reveals the paramagnetic ion through its interaction with the framework. EPR and Mössbauer spectroscopy confirmed that the intercalated ions were indeed Fe(III) , whereas DFT calculations were employed to ascertain the unique pentacoordinate architecture around the Fe(III) ion. Interestingly, this is also the first crystallographic evidence of pentacoordinate Zn(II) within the MOF-5 SBU. This new MOF structure displays the potential for metal-site addition as a framework connector, thus creating further opportunity for the innovative development of new MOF materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Holmberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Thomas Burns
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Samuel M Greer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32306, USA.,National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32310, USA
| | - Libor Kobera
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Sebastian A Stoian
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32310, USA
| | - Ilia Korobkov
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Stephen Hill
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32310, USA.,Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32306, USA
| | - David L Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Tom K Woo
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Muralee Murugesu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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Kershaw Cook LJ, Kulmaczewski R, Mohammed R, Dudley S, Barrett SA, Little MA, Deeth RJ, Halcrow MA. A Unified Treatment of the Relationship Between Ligand Substituents and Spin State in a Family of Iron(II) Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:4327-31. [PMID: 26929084 PMCID: PMC4804750 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201600165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The influence of ligands on the spin state of a metal ion is of central importance for bioinorganic chemistry, and the production of base-metal catalysts for synthesis applications. Complexes derived from [Fe(bpp)2 ](2+) (bpp=2,6-di{pyrazol-1-yl}pyridine) can be high-spin, low-spin, or spin-crossover (SCO) active depending on the ligand substituents. Plots of the SCO midpoint temperature (T1/2 ) in solution vs. the relevant Hammett parameter show that the low-spin state of the complex is stabilized by electron-withdrawing pyridyl ("X") substituents, but also by electron-donating pyrazolyl ("Y") substituents. Moreover, when a subset of complexes with halogeno X or Y substituents is considered, the two sets of compounds instead show identical trends of a small reduction in T1/2 for increasing substituent electronegativity. DFT calculations reproduce these disparate trends, which arise from competing influences of pyridyl and pyrazolyl ligand substituents on Fe-L σ and π bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence J Kershaw Cook
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | | | | | - Stephen Dudley
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Simon A Barrett
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Marc A Little
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Robert J Deeth
- Inorganic Computational Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
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Kershaw Cook LJ, Kulmaczewski R, Mohammed R, Dudley S, Barrett SA, Little MA, Deeth RJ, Halcrow MA. A Unified Treatment of the Relationship Between Ligand Substituents and Spin State in a Family of Iron(II) Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201600165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence J. Kershaw Cook
- School of Chemistry; University of Leeds; Leeds LS2 9JT UK
- Department of Chemistry; University of Bath, Claverton Down; Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | | | | | - Stephen Dudley
- School of Chemistry; University of Leeds; Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | | | - Marc A. Little
- School of Chemistry; University of Leeds; Leeds LS2 9JT UK
- Department of Chemistry; University of Liverpool; Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Robert J. Deeth
- Inorganic Computational Chemistry Group; Department of Chemistry; University of Warwick; Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- School of Chemistry; University of Edinburgh; Joseph Black Building; David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
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Poli R. New Phenomena in Organometallic-Mediated Radical Polymerization (OMRP) and Perspectives for Control of Less Active Monomers. Chemistry 2015; 21:6988-7001. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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8
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Poli R, Shaver MP. ATRP/OMRP/CCT Interplay in Styrene Polymerization Mediated by Iron(II) Complexes: A DFT Study of the α-Diimine System. Chemistry 2014; 20:17530-40. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Nakanishi SI, Kawamura M, Kai H, Jin RH, Sunada Y, Nagashima H. Well-Defined Iron Complexes as Efficient Catalysts for “Green” Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization of Styrene, Methyl Methacrylate, and Butyl Acrylate with Low Catalyst Loadings and Catalyst Recycling. Chemistry 2014; 20:5802-14. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Schoch R, Desens W, Werner T, Bauer M. X-ray spectroscopic verification of the active species in iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Chemistry 2013; 19:15816-21. [PMID: 24150913 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Schoch
- Fachbereich Chemie, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 54, 67663 Kaiserslautern (Germany), Fax: (+49) 631-205-4676
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Li A, Chen J, Zhang L, Li Z, Zhu M, Zhang W, Lin X, Zhang Z. Synthesis and characterization of tridentate phenoxy-imine ligand [N,N,O] nickel(II) and palladium(II) complexes and their catalytic behaviors in vinyl polymerization of norbornene. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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12
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Poli R. Einelektronenreaktionen von Übergangsmetallkomplexen in der radikalischen Polymerisation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200503785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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13
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Poli R. Relationship between One-Electron Transition-Metal Reactivity and Radical Polymerization Processes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:5058-70. [PMID: 16821230 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200503785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Controlled radical polymerization has come along in leaps and bounds following the development of efficient transition-metal catalysts for atom-transfer radical polymerization. Another type of controlled radical polymerization process, namely organometallic radical polymerization, uses the reversible formation of metal-carbon bonds. Metals are also implicated in catalytic chain transfer, a process that involves the abstraction of hydrogen atoms. This Minireview discusses the importance of one-electron transition-metal reactivity in metal-mediated controlled radical polymerization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinaldo Poli
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS UPR 8241, 205 Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse cedex, France.
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