1
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Mears KL, Ruiz B, Nguyen GA, Zou W, Fettinger JC, Power PP. Disproportionation of Sn(II){CH(SiMe 3) 2} 2 to ˙Sn(III){CH(SiMe 3) 2} 3 and ˙Sn(I){CH(SiMe 3) 2}: characterization of the Sn(I) product. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:6399-6402. [PMID: 37158008 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01542d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Half a century after the photolytic disproportionation of Lappert's dialkyl stannylene SnR2, R = CH(SiMe3)2 (1) gave the persistent trivalent radical [˙SnR3], the characterization of the corresponding Sn(I) product, ˙SnR is now described. It was isolated as the hexastannaprismane Sn6R6 (2), from the reduction of 1 by the Mg(I)-reagent, Mg(BDIDip)2 (BDI = (DipNCMe)2CH, Dip = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian L Mears
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis 95616, USA.
| | - Bronson Ruiz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis 95616, USA.
| | - Gia-Ann Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis 95616, USA.
| | - Wenxing Zou
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis 95616, USA.
| | - James C Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis 95616, USA.
| | - Philip P Power
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis 95616, USA.
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2
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Kimmich R, Schrenk C, Schnepf A. Higher stability of metalloid tin clusters obtained via the cation-anion interaction. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:16013-16020. [PMID: 34633397 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02591k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of a metastable SnCl solution with KR (R = Si(SiMe3)2(SitBuMe2) = HyptBuMe2 or Si(SiMe3)2(SiEt3) = HypEt3) gives the metalloid tin cluster [Sn10R4]2- in partly good yields. The tin clusters are in the solid state as well in solution coordinated by a potassium cation, leading first of all to a more static compound and novel coordination polymers in the solid state. Additionally, the coordination of the potassium cation strongly increases the stability of the cluster in solution. This higher stability is thereby an important prerequisite for future investigation of this open shell metalloid tin cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Kimmich
- Chemistry Department, University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Claudio Schrenk
- Chemistry Department, University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Schnepf
- Chemistry Department, University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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3
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Kelly JA, Juckel M, Hadlington TJ, Fernández I, Frenking G, Jones C. Synthesis and Reactivity Studies of Amido-Substituted Germanium(I)/Tin(I) Dimers and Clusters. Chemistry 2018; 25:2773-2785. [PMID: 30370947 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Three amide ligands of varying steric bulk and electronic properties were utilized to prepare a series of amido-germanium(II)/tin(II) halide compounds, (LEX)n , (L= -N{B(DipNCH)2 }(SiMe3 ), TBo L; -N{B(DipNCH)2 }(SiPh3 ), PhBo L; -N(Dip)(tBu), DBu L; Dip=C6 H3 iPr2 -2,6; E=Ge or Sn; X=Cl or Br; n=1 or 2). Reductions of these with a magnesium(I) dimer, {(Mes Nacnac)Mg}2 (Mes Nacnac=[(MesNCMe)2 CH]- , Mes=mesityl), afforded singly bonded amido-digermynes (TBo LGe-GeTBo L and PhBo LGe-GePhBo L), and an amido-distannyne (PhBo LSn-SnPhBo L), in addition to several low-valent, amido stabilized tetrel-tetrel bonded cluster compounds, (DBu LGe)4 , (DBu LSn)6 and Sn5 (TBo L)4 . The nature of the products resulting from these reactions was largely dependent on the steric bulk of the amide ligand employed. Cluster (DBu LGe)4 possessed an unusual folded butterfly structure, the bonding and electronic of which were examined using DFT calculations. Reactions of the amido-germanium(I) compounds with H2 were explored, and gave rise to the amido-digermene, TBo L(H)Ge=Ge(H)TBo L and the cyclotetragermane, {DBu L(H)Ge}4 . Reactions of (DBu LGe)4 with a series of unsaturated small molecule substrates yielded DBu LGeOGeDBu L, DBu LGe(μ-C2 H4 )2 GeDBu L and DBu LGe(μ-1,4-C6 H8 )(μ-1,2-C6 H8 )GeDBu L. The latter results imply that (DBu LGe)4 can act as a masked source of the digermyne DBu LGeGeDBu L in these reactions. All further reactivity studies indicated that the germanium(I) compounds exhibit a "transition-metal-like" behavior, which is closely related to that previously described for bulky digermynes and related compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Kelly
- Monash Centre for Catalysis, School of Chemistry, Monash University, PO Box 23, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Martin Juckel
- Monash Centre for Catalysis, School of Chemistry, Monash University, PO Box 23, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Terrance J Hadlington
- Monash Centre for Catalysis, School of Chemistry, Monash University, PO Box 23, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en, Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany.,Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P.K. 1072, 20080, Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Cameron Jones
- Monash Centre for Catalysis, School of Chemistry, Monash University, PO Box 23, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
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4
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Kunz T, Schnepf A. Halides of the Heavier Group 14 Homologues Germanium, Tin, and Lead—A Journey through Unusual Compounds and Oxidation States. Chemistry 2018; 25:144-157. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Kunz
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Andreas Schnepf
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
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5
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Mayer K, Weßing J, Fässler TF, Fischer RA. Intermetalloid Clusters: Molecules and Solids in a Dialogue. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14372-14393. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Mayer
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry with Focus on Novel Materials; Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Munich; Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Jana Weßing
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Munich; Lichtenbergstr. 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Thomas F. Fässler
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry with Focus on Novel Materials; Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Munich; Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Roland A. Fischer
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Munich; Lichtenbergstr. 4 85748 Garching Germany
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6
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Mayer K, Weßing J, Fässler TF, Fischer RA. Intermetalloide Cluster: Moleküle und Festkörper im Dialog. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Mayer
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie mit Schwerpunkt Neue Materialien; Department Chemie; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching Deutschland
| | - Jana Weßing
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische und Metallorganische Chemie; Department Chemie; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstr. 4 85748 Garching Deutschland
| | - Thomas F. Fässler
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie mit Schwerpunkt Neue Materialien; Department Chemie; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching Deutschland
| | - Roland A. Fischer
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische und Metallorganische Chemie; Department Chemie; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstr. 4 85748 Garching Deutschland
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7
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Lichtenberger N, Franzke YJ, Massa W, Weigend F, Dehnen S. The Identity of “Ternary” A/Tl/Pb or K/Tl/Bi Solid Mixtures and Binary Zintl Anions Isolated From Their Solutions. Chemistry 2018; 24:12022-12030. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Lichtenberger
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für MaterialwissenschaftenPhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Yannick J. Franzke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute of Physical Chemistry Kaiserstraße 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Werner Massa
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für MaterialwissenschaftenPhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute of Nanotechnology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für MaterialwissenschaftenPhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
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8
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Maudrich JJ, Sindlinger CP, Aicher FSW, Eichele K, Schubert H, Wesemann L. Reductive Elimination of Hydrogen from Bis(trimethylsilyl)methyltin Trihydride and Mesityltin Trihydride. Chemistry 2017; 23:2192-2200. [PMID: 27958646 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Alkyltin trihydride [(Me3 Si)2 CHSnH3 ] was synthesized and the reductive elimination of hydrogen from this species was investigated. A methyl-substituted N-heterocyclic carbene reacts with the organotrihydride in dependence on stoichiometry and solvent to give a series of products of the reductive elimination and dehydrogenative tin-tin bond formation. Besides characterization of the carbene adduct of the alkyltin(II) hydride, a Sn4 chain was also isolated, encompassing two stannyl-stannylene sites, which are stabilized each as NHC-adducts. Complete dehydrogenation resulted to give either a carbene-stabilized distannyne or a metalloid Sn9 -cluster salt. Reductive elimination of hydrogen was also achieved with an excess of diethylmethylamine to give the alkyltin(II) hydride as a Lewis base free tetramer [(RSnH)4 ]. The method of cluster formation at low temperatures by hydrogen elimination was also transferred to the mesityl-substituted tin trihydride MesSnH3 . In this case [(MesSn)10 ], showing a [5]prismane structure, was isolated in good yield and characterized. NMR spectroscopic features of the propellane-type cluster [Trip6 Sn6 ] are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob-Jonathan Maudrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Klaus Eichele
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schubert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lars Wesemann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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9
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Kenzler S, Schrenk C, Schnepf A. Au
108
S
24
(PPh
3
)
16
: Bestätigung des allgemeinen Konzeptes metalloider Cluster durch einen hochsymmetrischen nanoskaligen Goldcluster. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kenzler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Claudio Schrenk
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Andreas Schnepf
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
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10
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Kenzler S, Schrenk C, Schnepf A. Au 108 S 24 (PPh 3 ) 16 : A Highly Symmetric Nanoscale Gold Cluster Confirms the General Concept of Metalloid Clusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:393-396. [PMID: 27936317 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The reduction of (Ph3 P)AuCl with NaBH4 in the presence of HSC(SiMe3 )3 , leads to one of the largest metalloid gold clusters: Au108 S24 (PPh3 )16 (1). Within 1 an octahedral Au44 core of gold atoms arranged as in Au metal is surrounded by 48 oxidized Au atoms of an Au48 S24 shell, a novel building block in gold chemistry. The protecting Au48 S24 shell is completed by additional 16 Au(PPh3 ) units, leading to a complete protection of the gold core. Within 1 the Au-Au distances get more molecular on going from the center to the ligand shell. Cluster 1 represents novel structural motives in the field of metalloid gold clusters which also are partly typical for metal atoms in metalloid clusters: Mn Rm (n>m).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kenzler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claudio Schrenk
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schnepf
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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11
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Metalloid Clusters. STRUCTURE AND BONDING 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/430_2015_5004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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12
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Kysliak O, Schrenk C, Schnepf A. The Largest Metalloid Group 14 Cluster, Ge18
[Si(SiMe3
)3
]6
: An Intermediate on the Way to Elemental Germanium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:3216-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201510831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Kysliak
- Chemistry Department; University Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Claudio Schrenk
- Chemistry Department; University Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Andreas Schnepf
- Chemistry Department; University Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
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13
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Kysliak O, Schrenk C, Schnepf A. Der größte metalloide Cluster der 14. Gruppe, Ge18
[Si(SiMe3
)3
]6
: eine Zwischenstufe auf dem Weg zu elementarem Germanium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201510831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Kysliak
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Claudio Schrenk
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Andreas Schnepf
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
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14
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Wiederkehr J, Wölper C, Schulz S. Synthesis and solid state structure of a metalloid tin cluster [Sn10(trip8)]. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:12282-12285. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc06770k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Mg(i) compound (LMg)2 reacts with (trip2Sn)2 with formation of the metalloid Sn10trip8 cluster 1, which contains Sn atoms in the formal oxidations states 0, +I and +II, while the stronger Mg(i) reductant (L′Mg)2 yielded elemental tin. The reaction demonstrates the promising potential of Mg(i) compounds to serve as soluble reductants for cluster synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Wiederkehr
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Duisburg-Essen
- 45114 Essen
- Germany
| | - C. Wölper
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Duisburg-Essen
- 45114 Essen
- Germany
| | - S. Schulz
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Duisburg-Essen
- 45114 Essen
- Germany
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15
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Schrenk C, Gerke B, Pöttgen R, Clayborne A, Schnepf A. Reactions with a Metalloid Tin Cluster {Sn10[Si(SiMe3)3]4}2−: Ligand Elimination versus Coordination Chemistry. Chemistry 2015; 21:8222-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Schrenk C, Winter F, Pöttgen R, Schnepf A. {Sn10 [Si(SiMe3 )3 ]4 }(2-) : A highly reactive metalloid tin cluster with an open ligand shell. Chemistry 2014; 21:2992-7. [PMID: 25430476 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of a Sn(I) Cl solution with LiSi(SiMe3 )3 gave the anionic metalloid tin cluster {Sn10 [Si(SiMe3 )3 ]4 }(2-) (7) in good yield. The arrangement of the ten tin atoms in the cluster core can be described as a distorted centaur polyhedron. Quantum chemical calculations suggest that there are 26 bonding electrons in the cluster core, which may be described as an arachno cluster in agreement with Wade's rules. NMR and mass spectrometric investigations showed that 7 is highly reactive, which may be due to the open ligand shell. The easily available tin atoms in 7 thereby open the door to further subsequent reactions, in which 7 may act as a building block to larger cluster aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Schrenk
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen (Germany), Fax: (+49) 7071-29-2436
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17
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Schenk C, Henke F, Schnepf A. [Ge12{FeCp(CO)2}8{FeCpCO}2] - ähnliche Atomanordnungen im Ge12-Clusterkern und in der Hochdruckmodifikation Germanium (II). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201207224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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Schenk C, Henke F, Schnepf A. [Ge12{FeCp(CO)2}8{FeCp(CO)}2]: A Ge12Core Resembles the Arrangement of the High-Pressure Modification Germanium (II). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:1834-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201207224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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Al-Rafia SMI, McDonald R, Ferguson MJ, Rivard E. Preparation of Stable Low-Oxidation-State Group 14 Element Amidohydrides and Hydride-Mediated Ring-Expansion Chemistry of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Chemistry 2012; 18:13810-20. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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Naglav D, Tobey B, Harder S, Schnepf A. GeCpbig2[Cpbig= C5(CH2C6H4-iPr)5]: A Flexible Sandwich Molecule. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201200242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Schrenk C, Winter F, Pöttgen R, Schnepf A. {Sn9[Si(SiMe3)3]2}2-: A Metalloid Tin Cluster Compound With a Sn9 Core of Oxidation State Zero. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:8583-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ic3011647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Schrenk
- Chemistry Department, University Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse
5-7, D-45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Florian Winter
- Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Rainer Pöttgen
- Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Schnepf
- Chemistry Department, University Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse
5-7, D-45117 Essen, Germany
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22
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Schrenk C, Neumaier M, Schnepf A. {Sn9[Si(SiMe3)3]3}− and {Sn8Si[Si(SiMe3)3]3}−: variations of the E9 cage of metalloid group 14 clusters. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:3989-95. [PMID: 22436071 DOI: 10.1021/ic201730g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The disproportionation reaction of the subvalent metastable halide SnBr proved to be a powerful synthetic method for the synthesis of metalloid cluster compounds of tin. Hence, the neutral metalloid cluster compound Sn(10)[Si(SiMe(3))(3)](6) (3) was synthesized from the reaction of SnBr with LiSi(SiMe(3))(3). In the course of the reaction anionic clusters might also be present, and we now present the first anionic cluster compound {Sn(8)E[Si(SiMe(3))(3)](3)}(-) (E = Si, Sn), where one position in the cluster core is occupied by a silicon or a tin atom, giving further insight into structural variations of E(9) cages in metalloid group 14 cluster compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Schrenk
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5-7, D-45117 Essen, Germany
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23
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Schrenk C, Kubas A, Fink K, Schnepf A. [Sn4Si{Si(SiMe3)3}4{SiMe3}2]: A Model Compound for the Unexpected First-Order Transition from a Singlet Biradicaloid to a Classical Bonded Molecule. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:7273-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201102662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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24
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Schrenk C, Kubas A, Fink K, Schnepf A. [Sn4Si{Si(SiMe3)3}4(SiMe3)2]: eine Modellverbindung für den unerwarteten Übergang erster Ordnung eines Singulett-Biradikaloids zu einem klassisch gebundenen System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201102662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Scharfe S, Kraus F, Stegmaier S, Schier A, Fässler TF. Zintl-Ionen, Käfigverbindungen und intermetalloide Cluster der Elemente der 14. und 15. Gruppe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201001630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Scharfe S, Kraus F, Stegmaier S, Schier A, Fässler TF. Zintl Ions, Cage Compounds, and Intermetalloid Clusters of Group 14 and Group 15 Elements. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:3630-70. [PMID: 21455921 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201001630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Scharfe
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching/München, Germany
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Kocak FS, Zavalij P, Eichhorn B. Reactions of exo-Substituted RSn93− Clusters with Pd: Endohedral Cluster Formation and Oxidative Insertion. Chemistry 2011; 17:4858-63. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Gonzalez-Gallardo S, Prabusankar G, Cadenbach T, Gemel C, von Hopffgarten M, Frenking G, Fischer RA. Structure and Bonding of Metal-Rich Coordination Compounds Containing Low Valent Ga(I) and Zn(I) Ligands. STRUCTURE AND BONDING 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-05243-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Schrenk C, Schellenberg I, Pöttgen R, Schnepf A. The formation of a metalloid Sn10[Si(SiMe3)3]6cluster compound and its relation to the α↔β tin phase transition. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:1872-6. [DOI: 10.1039/b921392a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Schnepf A. Metalloid cluster compounds of germanium: novel structural motives on the way to elemental germanium! NEW J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0nj00263a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zdetsis AD. Rationalizing and functionalizing stannaspherene: Very stable stannaspherene “alloys”. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:224310. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3267046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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Hassanzadeh Fard Z, Müller C, Harmening T, Pöttgen R, Dehnen S. Thiostannate tin-tin bond formation in solution: in situ generation of the mixed-valent, functionalized complex [{(RSn(IV))2(mu-S)2}3Sn(III)2S6]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:4441-4. [PMID: 19283803 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200805719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In broad daylight: The double-decker thiostannate [(RSn(IV))(4)S(6)] (1, R = CMe(2)CH(2)COMe) condenses to form [{(RSn(IV))(2)(mu-S)(2)}(3)Sn(III)(2)S(6)] (2; see picture). This mixed-valent complex, which formally contains both Sn(III) and Sn(IV) atoms as confirmed by Mössbauer spectroscopy and DFT calculations, forms by a complicated, concerted mechanism. Additionally, 2 provides six carbonyl groups for further derivatization.
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Ciccioli A, Gigli G, Meloni G. The SiSn Chemical Bond: An Integrated Thermochemical and Quantum Mechanical Study of the SiSn Diatomic Molecule and Small SiâSn Clusters. Chemistry 2009; 15:9543-60. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Schenk C, Schnepf A. [AuGe18{Si(SiMe3)3}6]-: a soluble Au-Ge cluster on the way to a molecular cable? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 46:5314-6. [PMID: 17579905 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200700530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schenk
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Engesserstrasse, Geb. 30.45, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Schrenk C, Köppe R, Schellenberg I, Pöttgen R, Schnepf A. Synthese von Zinn(I)-bromid. Ein neues binäres Halogenid für die Synthesechemie. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200900228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Hassanzadeh Fard Z, Müller C, Harmening T, Pöttgen R, Dehnen S. Knüpfung von Thiostannat-Sn-Sn-Bindungen in Lösung: In-situ-Bildung des gemischtvalenten funktionalisierten Komplexes [{(RSnIV)2(μ-S)2}3SnIII2S6]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200805719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Huber M, Schnepf A, Anson C, Schnöckel H. Si@Al56[N(2,6-iPr2C6H3)SiMe3]12: The Largest Neutral Metalloid Aluminum Cluster, a Molecular Model for a Silicon-Poor Aluminum-Silicon Alloy? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:8201-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Huber M, Schnepf A, Anson C, Schnöckel H. Si@Al56[N(2,6-iPr2C6H3)SiMe3]12- der größte neutrale metalloide Aluminiumcluster: ein molekulares Modell für eine Si-arme Al-Si-Legierung? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200801585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Prabusankar G, Kempter A, Gemel C, Schröter MK, Fischer R. [Sn17{GaCl(ddp)}4]: A High-Nuclearity Metalloid Tin Cluster Trapped by Electrophilic Gallium Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:7234-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200802470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Prabusankar G, Kempter A, Gemel C, Schröter MK, Fischer R. [Sn17{GaCl(ddp)}4], ein großer metalloider Zinncluster in einer Hülle aus elektrophilen Galliumliganden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200802470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Schenk C, Henke F, Santiso-Quiñones G, Krossing I, Schnepf A. [Si(SiMe(3))(3)](6)Ge(18)M (M = Cu, Ag, Au): metalloid cluster compounds as unusual building blocks for a supramolecular chemistry. Dalton Trans 2008:4436-41. [PMID: 18698446 DOI: 10.1039/b717506j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Very recently it was shown that the metalloid cluster compound {Ge(9)[Si(SiMe(3))(3)](3)}(-) can be used for subsequent reactions as the shielding of the cluster core is rather incomplete. Here further reactions of with M(+) sources of group 11 metals are described, leading to metalloid cluster compounds of the formula {MGe(18)[Si(SiMe(3))(3)](6)}(-) (M = Ag, Cu). These reactions can be seen as first steps into a supramolecular chemistry with metalloid cluster compounds. Beside this feature, the structural properties as well as the bonding situations in these cluster compounds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schenk
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Engesserstr., Geb. 30.45, D-76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Schnepf A. Metalloid Cluster Compounds of Germanium: Synthesis – Properties – Subsequent Reactions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200700969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schnepf
- Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Engesserstr. 15, Geb. 30.45, 76131 Karlsruhe, Fax: +49‐721‐608‐4854
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Schenk C, Schnepf A. Ge14[Ge(SiMe3)3]5Li3(THF)6: the largest metalloid cluster compound of germanium: on the way to fullerene-like compounds? Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:4643-5. [DOI: 10.1039/b808279k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Schenk C, Schnepf A. Die Synthese des löslichen Au-Ge-Clusters [AuGe18{Si(SiMe3)3}6]− – ein Schritt auf dem Weg zu einem molekularen Kabel? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200700530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hartig J, Steiner J, Stösser A, Schnöckel H. Discussion on the Formation and Bonding in Three [Ga8R10] Compounds: The Diversity in Classical GaGa Bonds. Chemistry 2007; 13:4475-82. [PMID: 17352436 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Herein we describe three Ga(8) compounds that feature gallium atoms in an oxidation state of 1.25 with normal valent 2e-2c bonding. Their structures and the influence of their ligands (phosphorus and nitrogen atoms directly bonded to the Ga(8) moieties) are discussed on the basis of DFT calculations, providing an insight into a probable mechanism for insertion reactions between GaX and GaX(3) species that lead to a reaction cascade via halides like Ga(2)X(4) and Ga(5)X(7) to Ga(8)X(10) and Ga(8)X(12) (2-), respectively. Finally, the Ga(8) cores of the three title compounds were compared with the topology of carbon atoms in C(8) alkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Hartig
- University of Karlsruhe TH, Engesserstrasse 15, Geb. 30.45, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Schnepf A. {Ge10Si[Si(SiMe3)3]4(SiMe3)2Me}−: A Ge10Si framework reveals a structural transition onto elemental germanium. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:192-4. [PMID: 17180243 DOI: 10.1039/b611165c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of the metastable high temperature molecule GeCl synthesized via a co-condensation technique with LiSi(SiMe(3))3 leads to a metalloid Ge(10)Si cluster compound, in which the arrangement of the germanium atoms can be seen as a cutout from the structure of elemental germanium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schnepf
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Karlsruhe, Engesserstr. Geb. 30.45, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Schnepf A. Metalloid group 14 cluster compounds: an introduction and perspectives to this novel group of cluster compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2006; 36:745-58. [PMID: 17471399 DOI: 10.1039/b516379j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metalloid cluster compounds of group 14 of the general formulae E(n)R(m) with n > m (E = Si, Ge, Sn and Pb, tetrel elements; R = ligand), where "naked" tetrel atoms are present as well as ligand-bound tetrel atoms, represent a novel class of cluster compounds in group 14 chemistry. Since the "naked" tetrel atoms in these clusters exhibit an oxidation state of 0, the average oxidation state of the tetrel atoms in such metalloid group 14 cluster compounds is between 0 and 1. Thus, these cluster compounds may be seen as intermediates on the way to the elemental state. Therefore, interesting properties maybe expected for these compounds which might complement results from nanotechnology. During the last years many different syntheses of such novel cluster compounds have been introduced, leading to several metalloid group 14 cluster compounds which exhibit new and unusual structure and bonding properties. In this tutorial review an account is given of the first steps in this novel field of group 14 chemistry. Special attention is focused on structural features and bonding properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schnepf
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Engesserstr., Geb.30.45, D-76128 Karlsruhe.
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