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Junk L, Kazmaier U. The Allylic Alkylation of Ketone Enolates. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:929-952. [PMID: 32953384 PMCID: PMC7482671 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation of non-stabilized ketone enolates was thought for a long time to be not as efficient as the analogous reactions of stabilized enolates, e. g. of malonates and β-ketoesters. The field has experienced a rapid development during the last two decades, with a range of new, highly efficient protocols evolved. In this review, the early developments as well as current methods and applications of palladium-catalyzed ketone enolate allylations will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Junk
- Organic Chemistry ISaarland UniversityCampus C4.266123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Uli Kazmaier
- Organic Chemistry ISaarland UniversityCampus C4.266123SaarbrückenGermany
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Prudel C, Huwig K, Kazmaier U. Stereoselective Allylic Alkylations of Amino Ketones and Their Application in the Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Piperidines. Chemistry 2020; 26:3181-3188. [PMID: 31943413 PMCID: PMC7079034 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chelated ketone enolates are excellent nucleophiles for allylic alkylations. Electron-withdrawing groups on the allyl moiety allow subsequent intramolecular Michael additions giving rise to piperidines with up to five stereogenic centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Prudel
- Organic ChemistrySaarland University, Campus C4.266123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Kai Huwig
- Organic ChemistrySaarland University, Campus C4.266123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Uli Kazmaier
- Organic ChemistrySaarland University, Campus C4.266123SaarbrückenGermany
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Horn A, Kazmaier U. Stereoselective Modification of N-(α-Hydroxyacyl)-glycinesters via Palladium-Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation. Org Lett 2019; 21:4595-4599. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Horn
- Organic Chemistry I, Saarland University, Campus, Building C4.2, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Uli Kazmaier
- Organic Chemistry I, Saarland University, Campus, Building C4.2, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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Kohr M, Kazmaier U. Halogenated Allyl Alcohol Derivatives - Versatile Electrophiles for Palladium-Catalyzed Allylic Alkylations. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kohr
- Organic Chemistry; Saarland University; P.O. Box 151150 66041 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Uli Kazmaier
- Organic Chemistry; Saarland University; P.O. Box 151150 66041 Saarbrücken Germany
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Kappler S, Karmann L, Prudel C, Herrmann J, Caddeu G, Müller R, Vollmar AM, Zahler S, Kazmaier U. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Modified Miuraenamides. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kappler
- Organic Chemistry; Saarland University; Campus C4.2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Lisa Karmann
- Organic Chemistry; Saarland University; Campus C4.2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Cynthia Prudel
- Organic Chemistry; Saarland University; Campus C4.2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Jennifer Herrmann
- Department Microbial Natural Products; Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS); Saarland University; Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Giulia Caddeu
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology; Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich); Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Department Microbial Natural Products; Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS); Saarland University; Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Angelika M. Vollmar
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology; Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich); Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Stefan Zahler
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology; Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich); Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Uli Kazmaier
- Organic Chemistry; Saarland University; Campus C4.2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
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Barbie P, Kazmaier U. Total synthesis of cyclomarins A, C and D, marine cyclic peptides with interesting anti-tuberculosis and anti-malaria activities. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:6036-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00800c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyclomarins are cyclic heptapeptides containing four unusual amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Barbie
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Saarland University
- 66041 Saarbrücken
- Germany
| | - Uli Kazmaier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Saarland University
- 66041 Saarbrücken
- Germany
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Junk L, Kazmaier U. Synthesis of indoles and tryptophan derivatives via photoinduced nitrene C–H insertion. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:2916-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02563j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized indoles and tryptophans can be obtained from stannylated alkenes and o-iodoanilines via Stille coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Junk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Saarland University
- 66041 Saarbrücken
- Germany
| | - Uli Kazmaier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Saarland University
- 66041 Saarbrücken
- Germany
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Kazmaier U. Non-stabilized enolates – versatile nucleophiles in transition metal-catalysed allylic alkylations. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00192k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review covers new developments in the transition metal-catalyzed allylic alkylations of non-stabilized enolates, preferentially generated from ketone, esters or amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uli Kazmaier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Saarland University
- 66041 Saarbrücken
- Germany
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Huwig K, Schultz K, Kazmaier U. Regio- und stereoselektive Modifizierung chiraler α-Aminoketone durch Palladium-katalysierte allylische Alkylierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Huwig K, Schultz K, Kazmaier U. Regio- and Stereoselective Modification of Chiral α-Amino Ketones by Pd-Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:9120-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Karmann L, Schultz K, Herrmann J, Müller R, Kazmaier U. Totalsynthese und biologische Evaluierung von Miuraenamiden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201411212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Karmann L, Schultz K, Herrmann J, Müller R, Kazmaier U. Total syntheses and biological evaluation of miuraenamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:4502-7. [PMID: 25688545 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201411212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The miuraenamides, relatively simple representatives of a class of cyclodepsipeptides with high antitumor activity, can be easily and flexibly obtained by the concept of peptide modification. A reaction sequence consisting of an aldol reaction, oxidation, and methylation of the glycine subunit of the cyclodepsipeptides allows the incorporation of the unusual α,β-unsaturated dehydroamino acid in one of the last steps of the synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Karmann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Saarland University, P.O. box 151150, 66041 Saarbrücken (Germany) http://www.uni-saarland.de/lehrstuhl/kazmaier
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Bayer A, Kazmaier U. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Allylic Alkylations of Chelated Enolates Using Vinyl Dioxolanon-2-ones. J Org Chem 2014; 79:8498-504. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501877q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Bayer
- Institut für Organische
Chemie, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus, Geb. C4.2, D-66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Uli Kazmaier
- Institut für Organische
Chemie, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus, Geb. C4.2, D-66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
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Bayer A, Kazmaier U. [(p-Cymene)RuCl2 ]2 : an efficient catalyst for highly regioselective allylic alkylations of chelated amino acid ester enolates. Chemistry 2014; 20:10484-91. [PMID: 25044060 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Chelated amino acid ester enolates are excellent nucleophiles for ruthenium-catalyzed allylic alkylations. Although [Cp*Ru(MeCN)3 ]PF6 was found to be the most reactive catalyst investigated, with the resulting allyl complexes reacting at temperatures as low as -78 °C, unfortunately the process took place with only moderate regio- and diastereoselectivity. In contrast, [(p-cymene)RuCl2 ]2 allowed allylations to be performed with a high degree of regioretention. Secondary allyl carboxylates with a terminal double bond were found to be the most reactive substrates, giving rise to the branched amino acids with perfect regioretention and chirality transfer. In this case, no isomerization of the Ru-allyl complex formed in situ was observed, in contrast to the analogues palladium complexes. This isomerization-free protocol can also be used for the synthesis of (Z)-configured γ,δ-unsaturated amino acid derivatives, starting from (Z)-allylic substrates. Here, the more reactive phosphates were found to be superior to the carboxylates, providing the required amino acids in almost quantitative yield with perfect regio- and stereoretention. Therefore, the Ru-catalyzed allylation reactions are well positioned to overcome the drawbacks of Pd-catalyzed processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Bayer
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität des Saarlandes, Im Stadtwald, Geb. C4.2, 66041 Saarbrücken (Germany), Fax: (+49) 681-3022409
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Thies S, Kazmaier U. Synthesis of α-Amino-γ-lactams through Pd-Catalzed Intramolecular Allylic Alkylation of Sarcosine Allyl Amides. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Karmann L, Kazmaier U. Thiol-Ene Click Reactions - Versatile Tools for the Modification of Unsaturated Amino Acids and Peptides. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Gorges J, Ullrich A, Kazmaier U. Straightforward Approach to Ferrocenyl Amino Acids and Peptides by Allylic Alkylation. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Datta S, Bayer A, Kazmaier U. Highly stereoselective modifications of peptides via Pd-catalyzed allylic alkylation of internal peptide amide enolates. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 10:8268-75. [PMID: 22986919 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26351c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pd-catalyzed allylations are excellent tools for stereoselective peptide modifications, showing several advantages compared to normal alkylations. Reactions of internal peptide amide enolates with Pd-allyl complexes proceed not only with high yields of up to 86%, they show also high regio- and diastereoselectivities (88-99%), giving rise to the trans-configured products. Therefore, this protocol is a powerful synthetic tool for the synthesis of natural product and drug molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarup Datta
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany.
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Kotha S, Goyal née Bansal D, Thota N, Srinivas V. Synthesis of Modified Phenylalanine Peptides by Cross Enyne Metathesis and a Diels-Alder Reaction as Key Steps. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Burkhart JL, Diehl B, Schmitt MJ, Kazmaier U. A Straightforward Approach to MMP-2 and MMP-9 Inhibitors Based on Chelate Claisen Rearrangements. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Beck W. Metal Complexes of Biologically Important Ligands, CLXXVI.[1] Formation of Peptides within the Coordination Sphere of Metal Ions and of Classical and Organometallic Complexes and Some Aspects of Prebiotic Chemistry. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201100137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Datta S, Kazmaier U. Stereoselective palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylations of peptideamide enolates. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:872-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00628a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gawas D, Kazmaier U. Diastereotopos-differentiating allylic alkylation as a key step in the synthesis of gamma-glutamyl boletine. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 8:457-62. [PMID: 20066284 DOI: 10.1039/b917589j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward approach towards gamma-glutamyl boletine is described, based on a diastereotopos-differentiating allylic alkylation of chelated amino acid ester enolates. Independent of the configuration of the leaving group in the allylic substrate, the allylation product is obtained as a single stereoisomer. Its configuration is solely controlled by the stereogenic center adjacent to the pi-allyl complex formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dnyaneshwar Gawas
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität des Saarlandes, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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Uli Kazmaier. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200904771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Uli Kazmaier. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200904771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Krämer K, Deska J, Hebach C, Kazmaier U. A straightforward approach towards glycoamino acids and glycopeptidesviaPd-catalysed allylic alkylation. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:103-10. [DOI: 10.1039/b813978d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kazmaier U, Stolz D, Krämer K, Zumpe F. Influences on the Regioselectivity of Palladium-Catalyzed Allylic Alkylations. Chemistry 2008; 14:1322-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Deska J, Kazmaier U. Highly Stereoselective Peptide Modifications through Pd-Catalyzed Allylic Alkylations of Chelated Peptide Enolates. Chemistry 2007; 13:6204-11. [PMID: 17480044 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Deprotonation of peptides in the presence of zinc chloride gives rise to highly reactive nucleophiles that can be subjected to palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation reactions. Excellent diastereoselectivities are obtained that are nearly independent of the allylic substrate used. By using this protocol, highly functionalized side chains can also be incorporated in excellent yields and selectivities. The stereochemical outcome of the reaction is exclusively controlled by the peptide chain as long as terminal pi-allyl-palladium complexes are involved. Probably, there is a threefold coordination, at least, of the deprotonated peptide chain to the chelating zinc ion. In such metal peptide complexes, one face of the generated enolate is shielded by the side chain of the adjacent amino acid, thus directing the electrophilic attack onto the opposite face. This behavior explains why an S amino acid always generates an R amino acid (and the other way round).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Deska
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität des Saarlandes, Im Stadtwald, Geb. C4.2, 66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
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Deska J, Kazmaier U. Stereoselective Syntheses and Reactions of Stannylated Peptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:4570-3. [PMID: 17486617 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200700759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Deska
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität des Saarlandes, Im Stadtwald, Geb. C4.2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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Deska J, Kazmaier U. Stereoselektive Synthese und Umsetzung stannylierter Peptide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200700759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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