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Liu Y, Liao SH, Dai WT, Bai Q, Lu S, Wang H, Li X, Zhang Z, Wang P, Lu W, Zhang Q. Controlled Construction of Heteroleptic [Pd 2 (L A ) 2 (L B )(L C )] 4+ Cages: A Facile Approach for Site-Selective endo-Functionalization of Supramolecular Cavities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217215. [PMID: 36495225 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Construction of supramolecular structures with internal functionalities is a promising approach to build enzyme-like cavities. The endo-functionalized [Pd12 L24 ] and [Pd2 L4 ] coordination cages represent the most successful systems in this regard. However, these systems mainly contain one type of endo-moiety. We herein provide a solution for the controlled endo-functionalization of [Pd2 L4 ] cages. Site-selective introduction of the endo-functional group was achieved through the formation of heteroleptic [Pd2 (LA )2 (LB )(LC )] cages. Using two orthogonal steric control elements is the key for the selective formation of the hetero-assemblies. We demonstrated the construction of two hetero-cages with a single internal functional group as well as a hetero-cage with two distinct endohedral functionalities. The endo-functionalized hetero-cages bound sulfonate guests with fast-exchange dynamics. This strategy provides a new solution for the controlled endo-functionalization of supramolecular cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Shou-Heng Liao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Tao Dai
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Qixia Bai
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Lu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Ave., Experimental Building, P112, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P. R. China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Ave., Experimental Building, P112, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Ave., Experimental Building, P112, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Pingshan Wang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Wei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
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Bogie PM, Miller TF, Hooley RJ. Synthesis and Applications of Endohedrally Functionalized Metal‐Ligand Cage Complexes. Isr J Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201800067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul M. Bogie
- Department of Chemistry University of California – Riverside Riverside, CA 92521 U.S.A
| | - Tabitha F. Miller
- Department of Chemistry University of California – Riverside Riverside, CA 92521 U.S.A
| | - Richard J. Hooley
- Department of Chemistry University of California – Riverside Riverside, CA 92521 U.S.A
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Abstract
Metal–organic polyhedra are three dimensional discrete structures typically constructed by the self-assembly of metal ions and ligands. The synthesis and geometry of discrete structures entirely rely on the choice of metal ions, ligand constraints such as steric bulk, bend angle, and functionalities, and the nature of applied solvents. As a result, they provide tailorable internal volume and usually hydrophobic nature to the cavity that in turn makes them one of the prominent host molecules for a range of applications. This review highlights the intervention of ligand constraints, precisely bend angle (0°, 60°, 120°, and 180°), hydroxyl functionalities, and the role of concepts such as molecular panelling and subcomponent self-assembly in the synthesis of polyhedra.
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Gütz C, Hovorka R, Klein C, Jiang QQ, Bannwarth C, Engeser M, Schmuck C, Assenmacher W, Mader W, Topić F, Rissanen K, Grimme S, Lützen A. Enantiomerically Pure [M6L12] or [M12L24] Polyhedra from Flexible Bis(Pyridine) Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:1693-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201308651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Gütz C, Hovorka R, Klein C, Jiang QQ, Bannwarth C, Engeser M, Schmuck C, Assenmacher W, Mader W, Topić F, Rissanen K, Grimme S, Lützen A. Enantiomerenreine [M6L12]- oder [M12L24]-Polyeder aus flexiblen Bis(pyridin)-Liganden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201308651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Suzuki K, Iida J, Sato S, Kawano M, Fujita M. Discrete and Well‐Defined Hydrophobic Phases Confined in Self‐Assembled Spherical Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:5780-2. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Suzuki K, Iida J, Sato S, Kawano M, Fujita M. Discrete and Well‐Defined Hydrophobic Phases Confined in Self‐Assembled Spherical Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200801700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Murase T, Sato S, Fujita M. Switching the Interior Hydrophobicity of a Self-Assembled Spherical Complex through the Photoisomerization of Confined Azobenzene Chromophores. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:5133-6. [PMID: 17535006 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200700793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Murase
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Murase T, Sato S, Fujita M. Switching the Interior Hydrophobicity of a Self-Assembled Spherical Complex through the Photoisomerization of Confined Azobenzene Chromophores. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200700793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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