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Deokar P, Vasiliu M, Dixon DA, Christe KO, Haiges R. The Binary Group 4 Azides [PPh4]2[Zr(N3)6] and [PPh4]2[Hf(N3)6]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Deokar
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Monica Vasiliu
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Alabama; Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA
| | - David A. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Alabama; Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA
| | - Karl O. Christe
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Ralf Haiges
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
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Deokar P, Vasiliu M, Dixon DA, Christe KO, Haiges R. The Binary Group 4 Azides [PPh4]2[Zr(N3)6] and [PPh4]2[Hf(N3)6]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:14350-14354. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Deokar
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Monica Vasiliu
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Alabama; Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA
| | - David A. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Alabama; Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA
| | - Karl O. Christe
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Ralf Haiges
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
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Deokar P, Leitz D, Stein TH, Vasiliu M, Dixon DA, Christe KO, Haiges R. Preparation and Characterization of Antimony and Arsenic Tricyanide and Their 2,2'-Bipyridine Adducts. Chemistry 2016; 22:13251-7. [PMID: 27492940 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The arsenic(III) and antimony(III) cyanides M(CN)3 (M=As, Sb) have been prepared in quantitative yields from the corresponding trifluorides through fluoride-cyanide exchange with Me3 SiCN in acetonitrile. When the reaction was carried out in the presence of one equivalent of 2,2'-bipyridine, the adducts [M(CN)3 ⋅(2,2'-bipy)] were obtained. The crystal structures of As(CN)3 , [As(CN)3 ⋅(2,2'-bipy)] and [Sb(CN)3 ⋅(2,2'-bipy)] were determined and are surprisingly different. As(CN)3 possesses a polymeric three-dimensional structure, [As(CN)3 ⋅(2,2'-bipy)] exhibits a two-dimensional sheet structure, and [Sb(CN)3 ⋅(2,2'-bipy)] has a chain structure, and none of the structures resembles those found for the corresponding arsenic and antimony triazides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Deokar
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Dominik Leitz
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Trent H Stein
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Monica Vasiliu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - David A Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Karl O Christe
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Ralf Haiges
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
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Wei H, Gao H, Shreeve JM. N-oxide 1,2,4,5-tetrazine-based high-performance energetic materials. Chemistry 2014; 20:16943-52. [PMID: 25330776 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
One route to high density and high performance energetic materials based on 1,2,4,5-tetrazine is the introduction of 2,4-di-N-oxide functionalities. Based on several examples and through theoretical analysis, the strategy of regioselective introduction of these moieties into 1,2,4,5-tetrazines has been developed. Using this methodology, various new tetrazine structures containing the N-oxide functionality were synthesized and fully characterized using IR, NMR, and mass spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray analysis. Hydrogen peroxide (50 %) was used very effectively in lieu of the usual 90 % peroxide in this system to generate N-oxide tetrazine compounds successfully. Comparison of the experimental densities of N-oxide 1,2,4,5-tetrazine compounds with their 1,2,4,5-tetrazine precursors shows that introducing the N-oxide functionality is a highly effective and feasible method to enhance the density of these materials. The heats of formation for all compounds were calculated with Gaussian 03 (revision D.01) and these values were combined with measured densities to calculate detonation pressures (P) and velocities (νD ) of these energetic materials (Explo 5.0 v. 6.01). The new oxygen-containing tetrazines exhibit high density, good thermal stability, acceptable oxygen balance, positive heat of formation, and excellent detonation properties, which, in some cases, are superior to those of 1,3,5-tritnitrotoluene (TNT), 1,3,5-trinitrotriazacyclohexane (RDX), and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr., MS 2343, Moscow, ID 83844-2343 (USA)
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Haiges R, Buszek RJ, Boatz JA, Christe KO. Preparation of the First Manganese(III) and Manganese(IV) Azides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201404735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Haiges R, Buszek RJ, Boatz JA, Christe KO. Preparation of the first manganese(III) and manganese(IV) azides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:8200-5. [PMID: 25044947 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Fluoride-azide exchange reactions of Me3SiN3 with MnF2 and MnF3 in acetonitrile resulted in the isolation of Mn(N3)2 and Mn(N3)3 ⋅CH3CN, respectively. While Mn(N3)2 forms [PPh4]2[Mn(N3)4] and (bipy)2Mn(N3)2 upon reaction with PPh4N3 and 2,2'-bipyridine (bipy), respectively, the manganese(III) azide undergoes disproportionation and forms mixtures of [PPh4]2[Mn(N3)4] and [PPh4]2[Mn(N3)6], as well as (bipy)2Mn(N3)2 and (bipy)Mn(N3)4. Neat and highly sensitive Cs2[Mn(N3)6] was obtained through the reaction of Cs2MnF6 with Me3SiN3 in CH3CN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Haiges
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1661 (USA).
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Müller TG, Karau F, Schnick W, Kraus F. A New Route to Metal Azides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13695-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Fehlhammer WP, Beck W. Azide Chemistry - An Inorganic Perspective, Part I Metal Azides: Overview, General Trends and Recent Developments. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201300162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Lyhs B, Bläser D, Wölper C, Schulz S, Haack R, Jansen G. Synthesis and Structure of Base-Stabilized Germanium(II) Diazide IPrGe(N3)2. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:7236-41. [DOI: 10.1021/ic400866c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lyhs
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5-7, D-45117
Essen, Germany
| | - Dieter Bläser
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5-7, D-45117
Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5-7, D-45117
Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5-7, D-45117
Essen, Germany
| | - Rebekka Haack
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5-7, D-45117
Essen, Germany
| | - Georg Jansen
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5-7, D-45117
Essen, Germany
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Srinivas D, Ghule VD, Muralidharan K, Jenkins HDB. Tetraanionic Nitrogen-Rich Tetrazole-Based Energetic Salts. Chem Asian J 2013; 8:1023-8. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201300033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Srinivas D, Ghule VD, Tewari SP, Muralidharan K. Synthesis of Amino, Azido, Nitro, and Nitrogen-Rich Azole-Substituted Derivatives of 1H-Benzotriazole for High-Energy Materials Applications. Chemistry 2012; 18:15031-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Schulz A, Villinger A. Binary Pnictogen Azides-An Experimental and Theoretical Study: [As(N3)4]−, [Sb(N3)4]−, and [Bi(N3)5(dmso)]2−. Chemistry 2012; 18:2902-11. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Haiges R, Boatz JA, Williams JM, Christe KO. Preparation and Characterization of the Binary Group 13 Azides M(N3)3 and M(N3)3⋅CH3CN (M=Ga, In, Tl), [Ga(N3)5]2−, and [M(N3)6]3− (M=In, Tl). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:8828-33. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201103101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Haiges R, Boatz JA, Williams JM, Christe KO. Preparation and Characterization of the Binary Group 13 Azides M(N3)3 and M(N3)3⋅CH3CN (M=Ga, In, Tl), [Ga(N3)5]2−, and [M(N3)6]3− (M=In, Tl). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201103101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Portius P, Filippou AC, Schnakenburg G, Davis M, Wehrstedt KD. Neutrale Lewis-Basen-Addukte des Siliciumtetraazids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201001826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Portius P, Filippou AC, Schnakenburg G, Davis M, Wehrstedt KD. Neutral Lewis Base Adducts of Silicon Tetraazide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:8013-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201001826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Villinger A, Schulz A. Binäre Bismut(III)-azide: Bi(N3)3, [Bi(N3)4]− und [Bi(N3)6]3−. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201002179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Villinger A, Schulz A. Binary Bismuth(III) Azides: Bi(N3)3 , [Bi(N3)4]−, and [Bi(N3)6]3−. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:8017-20. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201002179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Haiges R, Boatz JA, Christe KO. The Syntheses and Structure of the Vanadium(IV) and Vanadium(V) Binary Azides V(N3)4, [V(N3)6]2−, and [V(N3)6]−. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:8008-12. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200906537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Haiges R, Boatz JA, Christe KO. The Syntheses and Structure of the Vanadium(IV) and Vanadium(V) Binary Azides V(N3)4, [V(N3)6]2−, and [V(N3)6]−. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200906537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Wang R, Guo Y, Sa R, Shreeve J. Nitroguanidine-Fused Bicyclic Guanidinium Salts: A Family of High-Density Energetic Materials. Chemistry 2010; 16:8522-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200903286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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