1
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Label-free photoelectrochemical immunosensing platform for detection of carcinoembryonic antigen through photoactive conducting poly(5-formylindole) nanocomposite. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 116:60-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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2
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Zhu D, Liu H, Tai L, Zhang X, Jiang S, Yang S, Yi L, Wen W, Li X. Facile Construction of Novel 3-Dimensional Graphene/Amorphous Porous Carbon Hybrids with Enhanced Lithium Storage Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:35191-35199. [PMID: 28926220 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b08320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Presently, porous materials have become essential to many technological applications. In this account, 3-dimensional skeleton composite materials consisting of a core-shell amorphous porous carbon/multilayer graphene are synthesized by chemical vapor deposition on Ni foam using a facile one-step growth method. The data suggest that these composites have not only outstanding electrical and mechanical properties of the multilayer graphene but also the mesoporous characteristics of the amorphous carbon. Moreover, the composited carbon materials perfectly inherit the macroporous structure of Ni foam, and the amorphous carbon core in the skeleton serves as a cushion to buffer the volume variation after the removal of Ni. The carbon composites reveal ultralow density (4.45 mg cm-3) and high conductivity (45 S cm-1), essentially issued from the perfectly preserved structural integrity of graphene. The novel carbon composites can be used as anodes for lithium ion batteries. After these carbon composites are incorporated with NaBiO3, superior electrochemical activities above 2 V can be achieved with a discharge capacity of ∼300 mAh g-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daming Zhu
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201204, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Huaqiu Liu
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201204, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lixuan Tai
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201204, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Jiang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201204, P. R. China
| | - Shumin Yang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201204, P. R. China
| | - Lin Yi
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Wen Wen
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201204, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading District, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201204, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading District, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China
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3
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Seema H, Shirinfar B, Shi G, Youn IS, Ahmed N. Facile Synthesis of a Selective Biomolecule Chemosensor and Fabrication of Its Highly Fluorescent Graphene Complex. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:5007-5016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b02888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Humaira Seema
- Department
of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Korea
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KPK 25120, Pakistan
| | | | - Genggongwo Shi
- Department
of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Korea
- Department
of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Il Seung Youn
- Department
of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Korea
- Department
of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Nisar Ahmed
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
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4
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Bodik M, Zahoranova A, Micusik M, Bugarova N, Spitalsky Z, Omastova M, Majkova E, Jergel M, Siffalovic P. Fast low-temperature plasma reduction of monolayer graphene oxide at atmospheric pressure. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:145601. [PMID: 28206980 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa60ef] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report on an ultrafast plasma-based graphene oxide reduction method superior to conventional vacuum thermal annealing and/or chemical reduction. The method is based on the effect of non-equilibrium atmospheric-pressure plasma generated by the diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge in proximity of the graphene oxide layer. As the reduction time is in the order of seconds, the presented method is applicable to the large-scale production of reduced graphene oxide layers. The short reduction times are achieved by the high-volume power density of plasma, which is of the order of 100 W cm-3. Monolayers of graphene oxide on silicon substrate were prepared by a modified Langmuir-Schaefer method and the efficient and rapid reduction by methane and/or hydrogen plasma was demonstrated. The best results were obtained for the graphene oxide reduction in hydrogen plasma, as verified by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Bodik
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina F2, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia. Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia
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5
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Synergistic Ion Intercalations for High-Yield Synthesis of Li-Doped Graphene Nanosheets as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-017-0352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Hu C, Dai L. Carbon-Based Metal-Free Catalysts for Electrocatalysis beyond the ORR. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:11736-58. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 492] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuangang Hu
- Center of Advanced Science and Engineering for Carbon (Case4carbon); Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering; Case Western Reserve University; 10900 Euclid Avenue Cleveland OH 44106 USA
| | - Liming Dai
- Center of Advanced Science and Engineering for Carbon (Case4carbon); Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering; Case Western Reserve University; 10900 Euclid Avenue Cleveland OH 44106 USA
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7
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Hu C, Dai L. Kohlenstoffbasierte Metallfreie Katalysatoren für die Elektrokatalyse jenseits der ORR. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuangang Hu
- Center of Advanced Science and Engineering for Carbon (Case4carbon); Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering; Case Western Reserve University; 10900 Euclid Avenue Cleveland OH 44106 USA
| | - Liming Dai
- Center of Advanced Science and Engineering for Carbon (Case4carbon); Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering; Case Western Reserve University; 10900 Euclid Avenue Cleveland OH 44106 USA
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8
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Han TH, Kwon SJ, Li N, Seo HK, Xu W, Kim KS, Lee TW. Versatile p-Type Chemical Doping to Achieve Ideal Flexible Graphene Electrodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201600414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hee Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu Pohang Gyungbuk 790-784 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Joo Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu Pohang Gyungbuk 790-784 Republic of Korea
| | - Nannan Li
- Department of Chemistry; Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST); Ulsan 689-798 Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Kyu Seo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu Pohang Gyungbuk 790-784 Republic of Korea
| | - Wentao Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu Pohang Gyungbuk 790-784 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang S. Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST); Ulsan 689-798 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu Pohang Gyungbuk 790-784 Republic of Korea
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9
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Han TH, Kwon SJ, Li N, Seo HK, Xu W, Kim KS, Lee TW. Versatile p-Type Chemical Doping to Achieve Ideal Flexible Graphene Electrodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:6197-201. [PMID: 27072071 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201600414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report effective solution-processed chemical p-type doping of graphene using trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (CF3 SO3 H, TFMS), that can provide essential requirements to approach an ideal flexible graphene anode for practical applications: i) high optical transmittance, ii) low sheet resistance (70 % decrease), iii) high work function (0.83 eV increase), iv) smooth surface, and iv) air-stability at the same time. The TFMS-doped graphene formed nearly ohmic contact with a conventional organic hole transporting layer, and a green phosphorescent organic light-emitting diode with the TFMS-doped graphene anode showed lower operating voltage, and higher device efficiencies (104.1 cd A(-1) , 80.7 lm W(-1) ) than those with conventional ITO (84.8 cd A(-1) , 73.8 lm W(-1) ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hee Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Joo Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Nannan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Kyu Seo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Wentao Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang S Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 790-784, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Chen S, Ding R, Ma X, Xue L, Lin X, Fan X, Luo Z. Preparation of Highly Dispersed Reduced Graphene Oxide Modified with Carboxymethyl Chitosan for Highly Sensitive Detection of Trace Cu(II) in Water. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8040078. [PMID: 30979210 PMCID: PMC6432173 DOI: 10.3390/polym8040078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) composites (RGO/CMC) were synthesized by a hydrothermal method through in-situ reduction and modification of graphene oxide (GO) in the presence of CMC. An electrochemical sensor for the determination of Cu(II) by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) was constructed by an electrode modified with RGO/CMC. The fabricated electrochemical sensor shows a linear range of 0.02⁻1.2 μmol·L-1, a detection limit of 3.25 nmol·L-1 (S/N = 3) and a sensitivity of 130.75 μA·μmol·L-1·cm-2, indicating the sensor has an excellent detection performance for Cu(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Chen
- School of Ocean Science and Biochemistry Engineering, Fuqing Branch of Fujian Normal University, 1 Longjiang Road, Fuqing 350300, China.
| | - Rui Ding
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, 8 Shangsan Road, Fuzhou 350007, China.
| | - Xiuling Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fujian Normal University, 8 Shangsan Road, Fuzhou 350007, China.
| | - Liqun Xue
- School of Ocean Science and Biochemistry Engineering, Fuqing Branch of Fujian Normal University, 1 Longjiang Road, Fuqing 350300, China.
| | - Xiuzhu Lin
- School of Ocean Science and Biochemistry Engineering, Fuqing Branch of Fujian Normal University, 1 Longjiang Road, Fuqing 350300, China.
| | - Xiaoping Fan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, 8 Shangsan Road, Fuzhou 350007, China.
| | - Zhimin Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210046, China.
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11
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Souri H, Yu SJ, Yeo H, Goh M, Hwang JY, Kim SM, Ku BC, Jeong YG, You NH. A facile method for transparent carbon nanosheets heater based on polyimide. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra07457j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transparent carbon nanosheet film heaters are fabricated by spin-coating of poly(amic acid) on quartz substrates following by carbonization process. These thin films show the transparency of 55–90% at 550 nm and sheet resistance of 14.7 to 1.6 kΩ sq−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Souri
- Carbon Composite Materials Research Center
- Institute of Advanced Composites Materials
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology
- Wanju-gun
- Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jun Yu
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials and Textile System Engineering
- Chungnam National University
- Daejeon 34234
- Korea
| | - Hyeonuk Yeo
- Carbon Composite Materials Research Center
- Institute of Advanced Composites Materials
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology
- Wanju-gun
- Republic of Korea
| | - Munju Goh
- Carbon Composite Materials Research Center
- Institute of Advanced Composites Materials
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology
- Wanju-gun
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Yeon Hwang
- Carbon Composite Materials Research Center
- Institute of Advanced Composites Materials
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology
- Wanju-gun
- Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Min Kim
- Carbon Composite Materials Research Center
- Institute of Advanced Composites Materials
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology
- Wanju-gun
- Republic of Korea
| | - Bon-Cheol Ku
- Carbon Composite Materials Research Center
- Institute of Advanced Composites Materials
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology
- Wanju-gun
- Republic of Korea
| | - Young Gyu Jeong
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials and Textile System Engineering
- Chungnam National University
- Daejeon 34234
- Korea
| | - Nam-Ho You
- Carbon Composite Materials Research Center
- Institute of Advanced Composites Materials
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology
- Wanju-gun
- Republic of Korea
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12
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Biosensor for pesticide triazophos based on its inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and using a glassy carbon electrode modified with coral-like gold nanostructures supported on reduced graphene oxide. Mikrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-015-1584-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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13
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Jang S, Hwang E, Lee JH, Park HS, Cho JH. Graphene-graphene oxide floating gate transistor memory. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:311-318. [PMID: 25163911 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201401017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel transparent, flexible, graphene channel floating-gate transistor memory (FGTM) device is fabricated using a graphene oxide (GO) charge trapping layer on a plastic substrate. The GO layer, which bears ammonium groups (NH3+), is prepared at the interface between the crosslinked PVP (cPVP) tunneling dielectric and the Al2 O3 blocking dielectric layers. Important design rules are proposed for a high-performance graphene memory device: (i) precise doping of the graphene channel, and (ii) chemical functionalization of the GO charge trapping layer. How to control memory characteristics by graphene doping is systematically explained, and the optimal conditions for the best performance of the memory devices are found. Note that precise control over the doping of the graphene channel maximizes the conductance difference at a zero gate voltage, which reduces the device power consumption. The proposed optimization via graphene doping can be applied to any graphene channel transistor-type memory device. Additionally, the positively charged GO (GO-NH3+) interacts electrostatically with hydroxyl groups of both UV-treated Al2 O3 and PVP layers, which enhances the interfacial adhesion, and thus the mechanical stability of the device during bending. The resulting graphene-graphene oxide FGTMs exhibit excellent memory characteristics, including a large memory window (11.7 V), fast switching speed (1 μs), cyclic endurance (200 cycles), stable retention (10(5) s), and good mechanical stability (1000 cycles).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukjae Jang
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
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14
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Hollow reduced graphene oxide microspheres as a high-performance anode material for Li-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.05.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Hussain N, Gogoi A, Sarma RK, Sharma P, Barras A, Boukherroub R, Saikia R, Sengupta P, Das MR. Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Decorated with Au Nanoparticles as an Effective Bactericide: Investigation of Biocompatibility and Leakage of Sugars and Proteins. Chempluschem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201402240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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16
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Park JH, Lee DY, Kim YH, Kim JK, Lee JH, Park JH, Lee TW, Cho JH. Flexible and transparent metallic grid electrodes prepared by evaporative assembly. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:12380-12387. [PMID: 24999517 DOI: 10.1021/am502233y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We propose a novel approach to fabricating flexible transparent metallic grid electrodes via evaporative deposition involving flow-coating. A transparent flexible metal grid electrode was fabricated through four essential steps including: (i) polymer line pattern formation on the thermally evaporated metal layer onto a plastic substrate; (ii) rotation of the stage by 90° and the formation of the second polymer line pattern; (iii) etching of the unprotected metal region; and (iv) removal of the residual polymer from the metal grid pattern. Both the metal grid width and the spacing were systematically controlled by varying the concentration of the polymer solution and the moving distance between intermittent stop times of the polymer blade. The optimized Au grid electrodes exhibited an optical transmittance of 92% at 550 nm and a sheet resistance of 97 Ω/sq. The resulting metallic grid electrodes were successfully applied to various organic electronic devices, such as organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), and organic solar cells (OSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hoon Park
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), ‡School of Chemical Engineering, §School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
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17
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Abbasi E, Akbarzadeh A, Kouhi M, Milani M. Graphene: Synthesis, bio-applications, and properties. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 44:150-6. [PMID: 24978443 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2014.927880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The properties of graphene, carbon sheets that are only one atom wide, have led researchers and companies to consider its synthesis, properties, and the applications in numerous fields. High-quality graphene is physically powerful, light, nearly transparent, and an exceptional conductor of heat and electricity. Its interactions with other materials and with light and its naturally two-dimensional nature produce unique properties, such as the bipolar transistor effect, ballistic transport of charges, and large quantum oscillations. The following review introduces the many potential applications of graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Abbasi
- a Department of Medical Nanotechnology , Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbarzadeh
- a Department of Medical Nanotechnology , Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Mohammad Kouhi
- b Department of Physics , College of Science, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Morteza Milani
- a Department of Medical Nanotechnology , Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,c Department of Molecular Medicine , Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
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18
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Hirayama S, Sakai H, Araki Y, Tanaka M, Imakawa M, Wada T, Takenobu T, Hasobe T. Systematic control of the excited-state dynamics and carrier-transport properties of functionalized benzo[ghi]perylene and coronene derivatives. Chemistry 2014; 20:9081-93. [PMID: 24953934 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A series of benzo[ghi]perylene (Bp) and coronene (Cor) derivatives substituted with electron-withdrawing methoxycarbonyl (COOMe) or electron-donating methoxyl (MeO) groups was synthesized. The electrochemical, spectroscopic, and photophysical properties of these compounds were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy, and quantum-yield measurements. Introduction of suitable substituents onto the aromatic rings enabled control of electrochemical and spectroscopic behavior. Examination of excited-state dynamics revealed that fluorescence quantum yields increased with increasing number of COOMe groups in both Bp and Cor derivatives, consistent with the findings of DFT calculations. Single-crystal analysis allowed the performance of field-effect transistors containing single crystals of the derivatives to be rationalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunao Hirayama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 45-566-1697
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19
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Son SY, Noh YJ, Bok C, Lee S, Kim BG, Na SI, Joh HI. One-step synthesis of carbon nanosheets converted from a polycyclic compound and their direct use as transparent electrodes of ITO-free organic solar cells. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:678-682. [PMID: 24162657 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr04828d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Through a catalyst- and transfer-free process, we fabricated indium tin oxide (ITO)-free organic solar cells (OSCs) using a carbon nanosheet (CNS) with properties similar to graphene. The morphological and electrical properties of the CNS derived from a polymer of intrinsic microporosity-1 (PIM-1), which is mainly composed of several aromatic hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes, can be easily controlled by adjusting the polymer concentration. The CNSs, which are prepared by simple spin-coating and heat-treatment on a quartz substrate, are directly used as the electrodes of ITO-free OSCs, showing a high efficiency of approximately 1.922% under 100 mW cm(-2) illumination and air mass 1.5 G conditions. This catalyst- and transfer-free approach is highly desirable for electrodes in organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Young Son
- Carbon Convergence Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, San 101, Eunha-ri, Bongdoung-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 565-905, Korea.
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20
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Zhao J, Deng B, Lv M, Li J, Zhang Y, Jiang H, Peng C, Li J, Shi J, Huang Q, Fan C. Graphene oxide-based antibacterial cotton fabrics. Adv Healthc Mater 2013; 2:1259-66. [PMID: 23483725 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is an excellent bacteria-killing nanomaterial. In this work, macroscopic applications of this promising nanomaterial by fixing GO sheets onto cotton fabrics, which possess strong antibacterial property and great laundering durability, are reported. The GO-based antibacterial cotton fabrics are prepared in three ways: direct adsorption, radiation-induced crosslinking, and chemical crosslinking. Antibacterial tests show that all these GO-containing fabrics possess strong antibacterial property and could inactivate 98% of bacteria. Most significantly, these fabrics can still kill >90% bacteria even after being washed for 100 times. Also importantly, animal tests show that GO-modified cotton fabrics cause no irritation to rabbit skin. Hence, it is believed that these flexible, foldable, and re-usable GO-based antibacterial cotton fabrics have high promise as a type of new nano-engineered antibacterial materials for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China
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21
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Sun B, Chen L, Xu Y, Liu M, Yin H, Ai S. Ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical immunoassay of indole-3-acetic acid based on the MPA modified CdS/RGO nanocomposites decorated ITO electrode. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 51:164-9. [PMID: 23954674 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical immunosensor was fabricated based on 3-mercaptopropionic acid stabilized CdS/reduced graphene oxide (MPA-CdS/RGO) nanocomposites for indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) detection. The MPA-CdS/RGO nanocomposites were synthesized by in situ solvothermal growth of triangulated pyramidal CdS nanoparticles on the RGO sheet. 3-Mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) was employed as the modifier and bridge to immobilize the antibody. The nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and UV/vis spectra. The results showed that the MPA-CdS/RGO nanocomposites revealed enhanced photocurrent response due to excellent electron transport properties of RGO and the improved assembly of CdS nanoparticles onto RGO sheet with the introduction of MPA. Based on the dependence of the photocurrent decline on the concentration of IAA, the proposed photoelectrochemical immunosensor for IAA depicted a linear range from 0.1 to 1000 ng/mL with a lower detection limit (0.05 ng/mL). The high sensitivity, reproducibility and specificity of the method permitted the method suitable to be used in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Sun
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, PR China
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22
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Li R, Parvez K, Hinkel F, Feng X, Müllen K. Bioinspired Wafer-Scale Production of Highly Stretchable Carbon Films for Transparent Conductive Electrodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201300312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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23
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Li R, Parvez K, Hinkel F, Feng X, Müllen K. Bioinspired Wafer-Scale Production of Highly Stretchable Carbon Films for Transparent Conductive Electrodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:5535-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201300312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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He H, Li X, Wang J, Qiu T, Fang Y, Song Q, Luo B, Zhang X, Zhi L. Reduced graphene oxide nanoribbon networks: a novel approach towards scalable fabrication of transparent conductive films. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:820-4. [PMID: 23213044 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201201918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
An innovative approach is developed for the high-throughput, large-area, and low-cost fabrication of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanoribbon networks by using electrospun polymer-based nanowires as the etching mask. Combined with their tunable, controllable structures and transmittance/conductivity properties, the as-fabricated RGO nanoribbon networks exhibit potential as transparent conductive film electrodes, for example, in electrochromic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyong He
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, PR China
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25
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Wang H, Hu YH. Electrolyte-induced precipitation of graphene oxide in its aqueous solution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 391:21-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Kim YH, Kwon SH, Lee JM, Hwang MS, Kang JH, Park WI, Park HG. Graphene-contact electrically driven microdisk lasers. Nat Commun 2013; 3:1123. [PMID: 23047681 PMCID: PMC3493654 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Active nanophotonic devices are attractive due to their low-power consumption, ultrafast modulation speed and high-density integration. Although electrical operation is required for practical implementation of these devices, it is not straightforward to introduce a proper current path into such a wavelength-scale nanostructure without affecting the optical properties. For example, to demonstrate electrically driven nanolasers, complicated fabrication techniques have been used thus far. Here we report an electrically driven microdisk laser using a transparent graphene electrode. Current is injected efficiently through the graphene sheet covering the top surface of the microdisk cavity, and, for the first time, lasing operation was achieved with a low-threshold current of ~300 μA at room temperature. In addition, we measured significant electroluminescence from a graphene-contact subwavelength-scale single nanopillar structure. This work represents a new paradigm for the practical applications of integrated photonic systems, by conformally mounting graphene on the complex surfaces of non-planar three-dimensional nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Ho Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
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27
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Kreimeyer A. Neue Wege in der industriellen Chemieforschung im Spiegel derAngewandten Chemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201208912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Kreimeyer A. New Directions in Industrial Chemical Research as Reflected inAngewandte Chemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 52:147-54. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201208912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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29
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Ramuz MP, Vosgueritchian M, Wei P, Wang C, Gao Y, Wu Y, Chen Y, Bao Z. Evaluation of solution-processable carbon-based electrodes for all-carbon solar cells. ACS NANO 2012; 6:10384-95. [PMID: 23113673 DOI: 10.1021/nn304410w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Carbon allotropes possess unique and interesting physical, chemical, and electronic properties that make them attractive for next-generation electronic devices and solar cells. In this report, we describe our efforts into the fabrication of the first reported all-carbon solar cell in which all components (the anode, active layer, and cathode) are carbon based. First, we evaluate the active layer, on standard electrodes, which is composed of a bilayer of polymer sorted semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes and C(60). This carbon-based active layer with a standard indium tin oxide anode and metallic cathode has a maximum power conversion efficiency of 0.46% under AM1.5 Sun illumination. Next, we describe our efforts in replacing the electrodes with carbon-based electrodes, to demonstrate the first all-carbon solar cell, and discuss the remaining challenges associated with this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc P Ramuz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 381 North-South Mall, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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30
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Pruneanu S, Biris AR, Pogacean F, Lazar DM, Ardelean S, Watanabe F, Dervishi E, Biris AS. Novel Multifunctional Graphene Sheets with Encased Au/Ag Nanoparticles for Advanced Electrochemical Analysis of Organic Compounds. Chemphyschem 2012; 13:3632-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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31
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Zhao X, Zhou S, Jiang L, Hou W, Shen Q, Zhu J. Graphene–CdS Nanocomposites: Facile One‐Step Synthesis and Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Cytosensing. Chemistry 2012; 18:4974-81. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (P. R. China)
| | - Shiwei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (P. R. China)
| | - Li‐Ping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (P. R. China)
| | - Wenhua Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (P. R. China)
| | - Qingming Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (P. R. China)
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210046 (P. R. China)
| | - Jun‐Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (P. R. China)
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32
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Cui G, Gu L, Thomas A, Fu L, van Aken PA, Antonietti M, Maier J. A Carbon/Titanium Vanadium Nitride Composite for Lithium Storage. Chemphyschem 2010; 11:3219-23. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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33
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Hu YH, Wang H, Hu B. Thinnest two-dimensional nanomaterial-graphene for solar energy. CHEMSUSCHEM 2010; 3:782-796. [PMID: 20544792 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201000061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is a rapidly rising star in materials science. This two-dimensional material exhibits unique properties, such as low resistance, excellent optical transmittance, and high mechanical and chemical stabilities. These exceptional advantages possess great promise for its potential applications in photovoltaic devices. In this Review, we present the status of graphene research for solar energy with emphasis on solar cells. Firstly, the preparation and properties of graphene are described. Secondly, applications of graphene as transparent conductive electrodes and counter electrodes are presented. Thirdly, graphene-based electron- (or hole) accepting materials for solar energy conversion are evaluated. Fourthly, the promoting effect of graphene on photovoltaic devices and the photocatalytic property of graphene-semiconductor composites are discussed. Finally, the challenges to increase the power conversion efficiency of graphene-based solar cells are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hang Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931-1295, USA.
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34
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Yu H, Chen S, Fan X, Quan X, Zhao H, Li X, Zhang Y. A Structured Macroporous Silicon/Graphene Heterojunction for Efficient Photoconversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200907173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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35
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Yu H, Chen S, Fan X, Quan X, Zhao H, Li X, Zhang Y. A Structured Macroporous Silicon/Graphene Heterojunction for Efficient Photoconversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:5106-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200907173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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36
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Kung YH, Cheng YS, Tai CC, Liu WS, Shin CC, Ma CC, Tsai YC, Wu TC, Kuo MY, Wu YT. Synthesis, Structures, and Physical Properties of Benzo[k]fluoranthene-Based Linear Acenes. Chemistry 2010; 16:5909-19. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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37
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Guo C, Yang H, Sheng Z, Lu Z, Song Q, Li C. Layered Graphene/Quantum Dots for Photovoltaic Devices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200906291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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38
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Guo C, Yang H, Sheng Z, Lu Z, Song Q, Li C. Layered Graphene/Quantum Dots for Photovoltaic Devices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:3014-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200906291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 580] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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39
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Yang W, Ratinac K, Ringer S, Thordarson P, Gooding J, Braet F. Kohlenstoffnanomaterialien für Biosensoren: Nanoröhren oder Graphen - was eignet sich besser? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200903463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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40
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Yang W, Ratinac K, Ringer S, Thordarson P, Gooding J, Braet F. Carbon Nanomaterials in Biosensors: Should You Use Nanotubes or Graphene? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:2114-38. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200903463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1192] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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41
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Mohanty N, Nagaraja A, Armesto J, Berry V. High-throughput, ultrafast synthesis of solution- dispersed graphene via a facile hydride chemistry. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2010; 6:226-231. [PMID: 19943253 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200901505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nihar Mohanty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, 1005 Durland Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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42
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Rao C, Sood A, Subrahmanyam K, Govindaraj A. Graphen, das neue zweidimensionale Nanomaterial. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200901678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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43
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Rao CNR, Sood AK, Subrahmanyam KS, Govindaraj A. Graphene: the new two-dimensional nanomaterial. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:7752-77. [PMID: 19784976 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200901678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1929] [Impact Index Per Article: 128.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Every few years, a new material with unique properties emerges and fascinates the scientific community, typical recent examples being high-temperature superconductors and carbon nanotubes. Graphene is the latest sensation with unusual properties, such as half-integer quantum Hall effect and ballistic electron transport. This two-dimensional material which is the parent of all graphitic carbon forms is strictly expected to comprise a single layer, but there is considerable interest in investigating two-layer and few-layer graphenes as well. Synthesis and characterization of graphenes pose challenges, but there has been considerable progress in the last year or so. Herein, we present the status of graphene research which includes aspects related to synthesis, characterization, structure, and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N R Rao
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P. O., Bangalore 560 064, India.
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44
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Rangel NL, Seminario JM. Graphene Terahertz Generators for Molecular Circuits and Sensors. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:13699-705. [DOI: 10.1021/jp808181n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norma L. Rangel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program, and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jorge M. Seminario
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program, and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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