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Lamba R, Yukta Y, Mondal J, Kumar R, Pani B, Singh B. Carbon Dots: Synthesis, Characterizations, and Recent Advancements in Biomedical, Optoelectronics, Sensing, and Catalysis Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:2086-2127. [PMID: 38512809 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Carbon nanodots (CNDs), a fascinating carbon-based nanomaterial (typical size 2-10 nm) owing to their superior optical properties, high biocompatibility, and cell penetrability, have tremendous applications in different interdisciplinary fields. Here, in this Review, we first explore the superiority of CNDs over other nanomaterials in the biomedical, optoelectronics, analytical sensing, and photocatalysis domains. Beginning with synthesis, characterization, and purification techniques, we even address fundamental questions surrounding CNDs such as emission origin and excitation-dependent behavior. Then we explore recent advancements in their applications, focusing on biological/biomedical uses like specific organelle bioimaging, drug/gene delivery, biosensing, and photothermal therapy. In optoelectronics, we cover CND-based solar cells, perovskite solar cells, and their role in LEDs and WLEDs. Analytical sensing applications include the detection of metals, hazardous chemicals, and proteins. In catalysis, we examine roles in photocatalysis, CO2 reduction, water splitting, stereospecific synthesis, and pollutant degradation. With this Review, we intend to further spark interest in CNDs and CND-based composites by highlighting their many benefits across a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Lamba
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India
| | - Yukta Yukta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Jiban Mondal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India
| | - Ram Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
- Department of Chemistry, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110075, India
| | - Balaram Pani
- Department of Chemistry, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110075, India
| | - Bholey Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110036, India
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Zhao S, Wang Q, Liu J, Hao X, Liu X, Shen W, Du Z, Wang Y, Artemyev M, Tang J. Multiple underlying images tuned by Mn-doped Zn-Cu-In-S quantum dots. RSC Adv 2023; 13:34524-34533. [PMID: 38024974 PMCID: PMC10668080 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06373a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, ZnS capped Cu-In-S (ZCIS) quantum dots doped with Mn ions are synthesized by a thermal injection method, with luminescence covering almost the entire visible area. The large Stokes shift effectively inhibits the self-absorption effect under luminescence, and the quantum yield of ZCIS quantum dots increased from 38% to 50% after ZnS capping and further to 69% after doping with Mn. First, red-, yellow-, and blue-emitting quantum dots were synthesized and then, polychromatic ensembles were obtained by mixing the trichromatic quantum dots in a different ratio. Using the home-built inkjet printer, multilayered and multicolor mixed patterns were obtained for information pattern storage and multilayer pattern recognition and reading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suo Zhao
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Sci. & Technology Cooperation on Hybrid Materials, Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Sci. & Technology Cooperation on Hybrid Materials, Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Liu
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Sci. & Technology Cooperation on Hybrid Materials, Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 People's Republic of China
| | - Xianglong Hao
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Sci. & Technology Cooperation on Hybrid Materials, Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Sci. & Technology Cooperation on Hybrid Materials, Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfei Shen
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Sci. & Technology Cooperation on Hybrid Materials, Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonglin Du
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Sci. & Technology Cooperation on Hybrid Materials, Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Wang
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Sci. & Technology Cooperation on Hybrid Materials, Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 People's Republic of China
| | - Mikhail Artemyev
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University Minsk 220006 Belarus
| | - Jianguo Tang
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Sci. & Technology Cooperation on Hybrid Materials, Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 People's Republic of China
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Wang Y, Yang M, Ren Y, Fan J. Cu-Mn codoped ZnS quantum dots-based ratiometric fluorescent sensor for folic acid. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1040:136-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Xuan TT, Liu JQ, Yu CY, Xie RJ, Li HL. Facile Synthesis of Cadmium-Free Zn-In-S:Ag/ZnS Nanocrystals for Bio-Imaging. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24459. [PMID: 27074820 PMCID: PMC4830992 DOI: 10.1038/srep24459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High quality cadmium-free Zn-In-S:Ag doped-nanocrystals (d-NCs) were synthesized via a simple one-step noninjection route using silver nitrate, indium acetate, zinc acetate, oleylamine, S powder and 1-dodecanethiol as starting materials in an organic phase. The size and optical properties can be effectively tailored by controlling the reaction time, reaction temperature, Ag(+) dopant concentration, and the molar ratio of In to Zn. The photoluminescence wavelength of as-prepared Zn-In-S:Ag NCs covered a broad visible range from 458 nm to 603 nm. After being passivated by protective ZnS shell, the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of Zn-In-S:Ag(+) /ZnS was greatly improved to 43.5%. More importantly, the initial high PLQY of the obtained core/shell d-NCs in organic media can be preserved when being transferred into the aqueous media via ligand exchange. Finally, high quality Zn-In-S:Ag(+) /ZnS d-NCs in aqueous phase were applied as bio-imaging agents for identifying living KB cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Tong Xuan
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jia-Qing Liu
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Cai-Yan Yu
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Rong-Jun Xie
- Sialon Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Hui-Li Li
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
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Lahad O, Meir N, Pinkas I, Oron D. Long-lived population inversion in isovalently doped quantum dots. ACS NANO 2015; 9:817-824. [PMID: 25551172 DOI: 10.1021/nn506404n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Optical gain from colloidal quantum dots has been desired for several decades since their discovery. While gain from multiexcitations is by now well-established, nonradiative Auger recombination limits the lifetime of such population inversion in quantum dots. CdSe cores isovalently doped by one to few Te atoms capped with rod-shaped CdS are examined as a candidate system for enhanced stimulated emission properties. Emission depletion spectroscopy shows a behavior characteristic of 3-level gain systems in these quantum dots. This implies complete removal of the 2-fold degeneracy of the lowest energy electronic excitation due to the large repulsive exciton-exciton interaction in the doubly excited state. Using emission depletion measurements of the trap-associated emission from poorly passivated CdS quantum dots, we show that 3-level characteristics are typical of emission resulting from a band edge to trap state transition, but reveal subtle differences between the two systems. These results allow for unprecedented observation of long-lived population inversion from singly excited quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohr Lahad
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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Chen X, Xi P. Hundred-thousand light holes push nanoscopy to go parallel. Microsc Res Tech 2014; 78:8-10. [PMID: 25212875 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
With the application of the elements of all major super-resolution techniques including stimulated emission depletion, structure illumination microscopy, and photo-activated localization microscopy, the incoherent crossed standing-wave microscopy achieves parallel super-resolution imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanze Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Yang X, Tzeng YK, Zhu Z, Huang Z, Chen X, Liu Y, Chang HC, Huang L, Li WD, Xi P. Sub-diffraction imaging of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond by stimulated emission depletion and structured illumination. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47240j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Xie H, Liu Y, Jin D, Santangelo PJ, Xi P. Analytical description of high-aperture STED resolution with 0-2π vortex phase modulation. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2013; 30:1640-5. [PMID: 24323224 PMCID: PMC4090082 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.30.001640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Stimulated emission depletion (STED) can achieve optical superresolution, with the optical diffraction limit broken by the suppression on the periphery of the fluorescent focal spot. Previously, it is generally experimentally accepted that there exists an inverse square root relationship with the STED power and the resolution, but with arbitrary coefficients in expression. In this paper, we have removed the arbitrary coefficients by exploring the relationship between the STED power and the achievable resolution from vector optical theory for the widely used 0-2π vortex phase modulation. Electromagnetic fields of the focal region of a high numerical aperture objective are calculated and approximated into polynomials of radius in the focal plane, and analytical expression of resolution as a function of the STED intensity has been derived. As a result, the resolution can be estimated directly from the measurement of the saturation power of the dye and the STED power applied in the region of high STED power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Yujia Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Advanced Cytometry Labs, MQ photonics Research Centre, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dayong Jin
- Advanced Cytometry Labs, MQ photonics Research Centre, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Sydney, Australia
| | - Philip J. Santangelo
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Peng Xi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Corresponding author:
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Sang LJ, Wu YY, Wang HF. Polyethyleneimine/Manganese-Doped ZnS Nanocomposites: A Multifunctional Probe for Two-Color Imaging and Three-Dimensional Sensing. Chempluschem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201300049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Müller T, Schumann C, Kraegeloh A. STED microscopy and its applications: new insights into cellular processes on the nanoscale. Chemphyschem 2012; 13:1986-2000. [PMID: 22374829 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201100986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
For about a decade, superresolution fluorescence microscopy has been advancing steadily, maturing from the proof-of-principle stage to routine application. Of the various techniques, STED (stimulated emission depletion) microscopy was the first to break the diffraction barrier. Today, it is a prominent and versatile form of superresolution light microscopy. STED microscopy has shed a sharper light on numerous topics in cell biology, but also in material sciences. Both disciplines extend into the nanometer range, making detailed studies of structural and functional relationships difficult or even impossible to achieve using diffraction-limited microscopy. With recent advancements like spectral multiplexing or live-cell imaging, STED microscopy makes nanoscale materials and components of the cell accessible for fluorescence-based investigations. With multicolor superresolution imaging, even the interactions between biological and engineered nanostructures can be studied in detail. This review gives an introduction into the working principle of STED microscopy, provides a detailed overview of recent advancements and new techniques implemented for use with STED microscopy and shows how these have been applied in the life sciences and nanotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Müller
- INM-Leibniz-Institute for New Materials, Nano Cell Interactions Group, Saarbrücken, Germany
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Panda SK, Hickey SG, Demir HV, Eychmüller A. Bright White-Light Emitting Manganese and Copper Co-Doped ZnSe Quantum Dots. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201100464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Panda SK, Hickey SG, Demir HV, Eychmüller A. Bright White-Light Emitting Manganese and Copper Co-Doped ZnSe Quantum Dots. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:4432-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201100464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Chen O, Shelby DE, Yang Y, Zhuang J, Wang T, Niu C, Omenetto N, Cao YC. Excitation-Intensity-Dependent Color-Tunable Dual Emissions from Manganese-Doped CdS/ZnS Core/Shell Nanocrystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201004926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Chen O, Shelby DE, Yang Y, Zhuang J, Wang T, Niu C, Omenetto N, Cao YC. Excitation-Intensity-Dependent Color-Tunable Dual Emissions from Manganese-Doped CdS/ZnS Core/Shell Nanocrystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:10132-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201004926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Tian Z, Wu W, Li ADQ. Photoswitchable Fluorescent Nanoparticles: Preparation, Properties and Applications. Chemphyschem 2009; 10:2577-91. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Belov V, Bossi M, Fölling J, Boyarskiy V, Hell S. Rhodamine Spiroamides for Multicolor Single-Molecule Switching Fluorescent Nanoscopy. Chemistry 2009; 15:10762-76. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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