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Peña-López M, Neumann H, Beller M. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Indoles from Anilines and Epoxides. Chemistry 2014; 20:1818-24. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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2
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Chung JYL, Steinhuebel D, Krska SW, Hartner FW, Cai C, Rosen J, Mancheno DE, Pei T, DiMichele L, Ball RG, Chen CY, Tan L, Alorati AD, Brewer SE, Scott JP. Asymmetric Synthesis of a Glucagon Receptor Antagonist via Friedel–Crafts Alkylation of Indole with Chiral α-Phenyl Benzyl Cation. Org Process Res Dev 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/op300249q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Y. L. Chung
- Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Dietrich Steinhuebel
- Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Shane W. Krska
- Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Fred W. Hartner
- Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Chaoxian Cai
- Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Jonathan Rosen
- Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Danny E. Mancheno
- Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Tao Pei
- Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Lisa DiMichele
- Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Richard G. Ball
- Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Cheng-yi Chen
- Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Lushi Tan
- Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Antony D. Alorati
- Process Research Preparative Laboratory, Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, Hertford Road, Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire EN11 9BU, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E. Brewer
- Process Research Preparative Laboratory, Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, Hertford Road, Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire EN11 9BU, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy P. Scott
- Process Research Preparative Laboratory, Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, Hertford Road, Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire EN11 9BU, United Kingdom
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Chen X, Li X, Wang N, Jin J, Lu P, Wang Y. Palladium-Catalyzed Reaction of Arylamine and Diarylacetylene: Solvent-Controlled Construction of 2,3-Diarylindoles and Pentaarylpyrroles. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Xu H, Fu H. Copper-catalyzed one-pot synthesis of imidazo/benzoimidazoquinazolinones by sequential Ullmann-type coupling and intramolecular C-H amidation. Chemistry 2011; 18:1180-6. [PMID: 22190047 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A simple, practical, and highly efficient copper-catalyzed one-pot synthesis of imidazo/benzoimidazoquinazolinones has been developed. The procedure is based on a sequential copper-catalyzed Ullmann-type N-arylation and aerobic oxidative intramolecular C-H amidation. This method should provide a new and useful strategy for construction of N-heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
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Neumann JJ, Rakshit S, Dröge T, Würtz S, Glorius F. Exploring the oxidative cyclization of substituted N-aryl enamines: Pd-catalyzed formation of indoles from anilines. Chemistry 2011; 17:7298-303. [PMID: 21567506 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The direct Pd-catalyzed oxidative coupling of two C-H-bonds within N-aryl-enamines 1 allows the efficient formation of differently substituted indoles 2. In this cross-dehydrogenative coupling, many different functional groups are tolerated and the starting material N-aryl-enamines 1 can be easily prepared in one step from commercially available anilines. In addition, the whole sequence can also be run in a one-pot fashion. Optimization data, mechanistic insight, substrate scope, and applications are reported in this full paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia J Neumann
- Bayer CropScience AG, Alfred-Nobel-Strasse 50, 40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany
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Haag BA, Zhang ZG, Li JS, Knochel P. Fischer Indole Synthesis with Organozinc Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:9513-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201005319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Barluenga J, Rodríguez F, Fañanás FJ. Recent advances in the synthesis of indole and quinoline derivatives through cascade reactions. Chem Asian J 2009; 4:1036-48. [PMID: 19360759 DOI: 10.1002/asia.200900018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Indoles and quinolines are ubiquitous structural motifs in many natural products and biologically active pharmaceuticals. The pursuit of synthetic efficiency has stimulated the design and development of new synthetic strategies to construct these heterocycles. One of the most effective ways of achieving efficiency is to implement reaction cascades, enabling multiple bond-forming and bond-cleaving events to occur in a single synthetic operation, thus circumventing the waste associated with traditional stepwise synthesis. In general, cascade reactions offer the opportunity to access highly functionalized final products from simple starting materials. For all these reasons, it is not a surprise that most of the recently reported methods for the synthesis of indoles and quinolines are based on the use of cascade reactions. In this Focus Review we discuss some of the most representative and interesting recent reports on the synthesis of indoles and quinolines through cascade reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Barluenga
- Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica Enrique Moles, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, E-33006 Oviedo, Spain.
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Shi Z, Zhang C, Li S, Pan D, Ding S, Cui Y, Jiao N. Indoles from simple anilines and alkynes: palladium-catalyzed C-H activation using dioxygen as the oxidant. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:4572-6. [PMID: 19444850 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200901484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pd doles it out: A palladium-catalyzed approach to indoles using the title reaction was achieved (see scheme). The oxidant used in this catalytic cycle was O(2). Both N-nonsubstituted and N-alkyl monosubstituted anilines can be successfully transformed into the corresponding indoles by this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. 38, Beijing 100083, China
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Shi Z, Zhang C, Li S, Pan D, Ding S, Cui Y, Jiao N. Indoles from Simple Anilines and Alkynes: Palladium-Catalyzed CH Activation Using Dioxygen as the Oxidant. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200901484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Li JJ, Mei TS, Yu JQ. Synthesis of indolines and tetrahydroisoquinolines from arylethylamines by Pd(II)-catalyzed C-H activation reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:6452-5. [PMID: 18624318 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200802187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Jie Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Würtz S, Rakshit S, Neumann J, Dröge T, Glorius F. Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization ofN-Aryl Enamines: From Anilines to Indoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:7230-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200802482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Würtz S, Rakshit S, Neumann J, Dröge T, Glorius F. Palladium-katalysierte oxidative Cyclisierung vonN-Aryl-Enaminen: von Anilinen zu Indolen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200802482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Li JJ, Mei TS, Yu JQ. Synthesis of Indolines and Tetrahydroisoquinolines from Arylethylamines by PdII-Catalyzed CH Activation Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200802187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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