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Muhr M, Bühler R, Liang H, Gilch J, Jandl C, Kahlal S, Saillard J, Gemel C, Fischer RA. C-H and Si-H Activation Reactions at Ru/Ga Complexes: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Case Study on the Ru-Ga Bond. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200887. [PMID: 35748293 PMCID: PMC9804459 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of [Ru(COD)(MeAllyl)2 ] and [Ru(COD)(COT)] with GaCp* under hydrogenolytic conditions leads to reactive intermediates which activate Si-H or C-H bonds, respectively. The product complexes [Ru(GaCp*)3 (SiEt3 )H3 ] (1) and [Ru(GaCp*)3 (C7 H7 )H3 ] (2) are formed with HSiEt3 or with toluene as the solvent, respectively. While 1 was isolated and fully characterized by NMR, MS, IR and SC-XRD, 2 was too labile to be isolated and was observed and characterized in situ by using mass spectrometry, including labelling experiments for the unambiguous assignment of the elemental composition. The structural assignment was confirmed by DFT calculations. The relative energies of the four isomers possible upon toluene activation at the ortho-, meta-, para- and CH3 -positions have been determined and point to aromatic C-H activation. The Ru-Ga bond was analyzed by EDA and QTAIM and compared to the Ru-P bond in the analogue phosphine compound. Bonding analyses indicate that the Ru-GaCp* bond is weaker than the Ru-PR3 bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Muhr
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryCatalysis Research Center (CRC)Technical University Munich (TUM)Lichtenbergstraße 485748GarchingGermany
| | - Raphael Bühler
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryCatalysis Research Center (CRC)Technical University Munich (TUM)Lichtenbergstraße 485748GarchingGermany
| | - Hao Liang
- UMR-CNRS6226 “Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes”Univ RennesCNRSISCR-UMR 622635000RennesFrance
| | - Jonas Gilch
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryCatalysis Research Center (CRC)Technical University Munich (TUM)Lichtenbergstraße 485748GarchingGermany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryCatalysis Research Center (CRC)Technical University Munich (TUM)Lichtenbergstraße 485748GarchingGermany
| | - Samia Kahlal
- UMR-CNRS6226 “Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes”Univ RennesCNRSISCR-UMR 622635000RennesFrance
| | - Jean‐Yves Saillard
- UMR-CNRS6226 “Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes”Univ RennesCNRSISCR-UMR 622635000RennesFrance
| | - Christian Gemel
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryCatalysis Research Center (CRC)Technical University Munich (TUM)Lichtenbergstraße 485748GarchingGermany
| | - Roland A. Fischer
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryCatalysis Research Center (CRC)Technical University Munich (TUM)Lichtenbergstraße 485748GarchingGermany
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2
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Boronski JT, Stevens MP, van IJzendoorn B, Whitwood AC, Slattery JM. Insights into the Composition and Structural Chemistry of Gallium(I) Triflate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:1567-1572. [PMID: 33022877 PMCID: PMC7839670 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
"GaOTf" is a simple, convenient source of low-valent gallium for synthetic chemistry and catalysis. However, little is currently known about its composition or reactivity. In this work, 71 Ga NMR spectroscopy shows the presence of [Ga(arene)n ]+ salts on oxidation of Ga metal with AgOTf in arene solvents. However, a more complex picture of speciation is uncovered by X-ray diffraction studies. In all cases, mixed-valence compounds containing Ga-arene and Ga-OTf coordination motifs, in addition to an unusual "naked" [Ga]+ ion, are found. Addition of 18-crown-6 allows for the isolation of a discrete GaI crown complex. Evidence of a potential intermediate in the formation of "GaOTf" has been isolated in the form of the bimetallic silver(I)/gallium(I) cluster anion [Ag4 {Ga(OTf)3 }4 (μ-Ga)6 (OTf)4 ]2- .
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef T. Boronski
- Department of ChemistryThe University of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | | | | | | | - John M. Slattery
- Department of ChemistryThe University of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
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3
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Boronski JT, Stevens MP, IJzendoorn B, Whitwood AC, Slattery JM. Insights into the Composition and Structural Chemistry of Gallium(I) Triflate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josef T. Boronski
- Department of Chemistry The University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Matthew P. Stevens
- Department of Chemistry The University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Bono IJzendoorn
- Department of Chemistry The University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Adrian C. Whitwood
- Department of Chemistry The University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - John M. Slattery
- Department of Chemistry The University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
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Simon I, Hornung J, Barthel J, Thomas J, Finze M, Fischer RA, Janiak C. Synthesis of nickel/gallium nanoalloys using a dual-source approach in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazole ionic liquids. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:1754-1767. [PMID: 31501747 PMCID: PMC6720474 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
NiGa is a catalyst for the semihydrogenation of alkynes. Here we show the influence of different dispersion times before microwave-induced decomposition of the precursors on the phase purity, as well as the influence of the time of microwave-induced decomposition on the crystallinity of the NiGa nanoparticles. Microwave-induced co-decomposition of all-hydrocarbon precursors [Ni(COD)2] (COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) and GaCp* (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) in the ionic liquid [BMIm][NTf2] selectively yields small intermetallic Ni/Ga nanocrystals of 5 ± 1 nm as derived from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) and supported by energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), selected-area energy diffraction (SAED) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). NiGa@[BMIm][NTf2] catalyze the semihydrogenation of 4-octyne to 4-octene with 100% selectivity towards (E)-4-octene over five runs, but with poor conversion values. IL-free, precipitated NiGa nanoparticles achieve conversion values of over 90% and selectivity of 100% towards alkene over three runs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Simon
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julius Hornung
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische und Metallorganische Chemie TU München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Juri Barthel
- Gemeinschaftslabor für Elektronenmikroskopie RWTH-Aachen, Ernst Ruska-Centrum für Mikroskopie und Spektroskopie mit Elektronen, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Jörg Thomas
- Department Structure and Nano-/Micromechanics of Materials, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Roland A Fischer
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische und Metallorganische Chemie TU München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Doddi A, Prabusankar G, Gemel C, Winter M, Fischer RA. N‐Heterocyclic Gallylene Supported Organoruthenium Derivatives – Synthesis, Structure, and C–H Bond Cleavage. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201300257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adinarayana Doddi
- Inorganic Chemistry II ‐ Organometallics & Materials, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44870 Bochum, Germany, Fax: +49‐234‐321‐4174, http://www.ruhr‐uni‐bochum.de/aci2/index.html.en
| | - Ganesan Prabusankar
- Inorganic Chemistry II ‐ Organometallics & Materials, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44870 Bochum, Germany, Fax: +49‐234‐321‐4174, http://www.ruhr‐uni‐bochum.de/aci2/index.html.en
| | - Christian Gemel
- Inorganic Chemistry II ‐ Organometallics & Materials, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44870 Bochum, Germany, Fax: +49‐234‐321‐4174, http://www.ruhr‐uni‐bochum.de/aci2/index.html.en
| | - Manuela Winter
- Inorganic Chemistry II ‐ Organometallics & Materials, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44870 Bochum, Germany, Fax: +49‐234‐321‐4174, http://www.ruhr‐uni‐bochum.de/aci2/index.html.en
| | - Roland A. Fischer
- Inorganic Chemistry II ‐ Organometallics & Materials, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44870 Bochum, Germany, Fax: +49‐234‐321‐4174, http://www.ruhr‐uni‐bochum.de/aci2/index.html.en
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Oelkers B, Butovskii MV, Kempe R. f-Element-Metal Bonding and the Use of the Bond Polarity To Build Molecular Intermetalloids. Chemistry 2012; 18:13566-79. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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7
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Bollermann T, Freitag K, Gemel C, Seidel RW, von Hopffgarten M, Frenking G, Fischer RA. Chemie von [Zn2Cp*2]: einwertiges {.ZnZnCp*}, stabilisiert in den metallreichen Verbindungen [(Pd,Pt)(GaCp*)a(ZnCp*)4−a(ZnZnCp*)4−a] (a=0, 2). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201005808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Bollermann T, Freitag K, Gemel C, Seidel RW, von Hopffgarten M, Frenking G, Fischer RA. The Reactivity of [Zn2Cp*2]: Trapping Monovalent {.ZnZnCp*} in the Metal-Rich Compounds [(Pd,Pt)(GaCp*)a(ZnCp*)4−a(ZnZnCp*)4−a] (a=0, 2). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 50:772-6. [PMID: 21226174 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201005808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Bollermann
- Inorganic Chemistry II-Organometallics & Materials, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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Welsch S, Bodensteiner M, Dušek M, Sierka M, Scheer M. A Novel Soluble InIPrecursor for PnLigand Coordination Chemistry. Chemistry 2010; 16:13041-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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10
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Halbherr M, Bollermann T, Gemel C, Fischer R. Selektive oxidative Abspaltung von Cp* von koordiniertem GaCp*: “nacktes” Ga+in [GaNi(GaCp*)4]+und [(μ2-Ga)nM3(GaCp*)6]n+. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200905920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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11
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Halbherr M, Bollermann T, Gemel C, Fischer RA. Selective oxidative cleavage of Cp* from coordinated GaCp*: naked Ga+ in [GaNi(GaCp*)4]+ and [(mu2-Ga)nM3(GaCp*)6]n+. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:1878-81. [PMID: 20127922 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200905920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Halbherr
- Inorganic Chemistry II-Organometallics & Materials, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44870 Bochum, Germany
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