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Eichhorn SH, El-Ballouli AO, Cassar A, Kaafarani BR. Columnar Mesomorphism of Board-Shaped Perylene, Diketopyrrolopyrrole, Isoindigo, Indigo, and Quinoxalino-Phenanthrophenazine Dyes. Chempluschem 2021; 86:319-339. [PMID: 33624951 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The properties of organic dyes depend as much on their intermolecular interactions as on their molecular structure. While it is generally predictable what supramolecular structure would be ideal for a specific application, the generation of specific supramolecular structures by molecular design and suitable processing methods remains to be a challenge. A versatile approach to different supramolecular structures has been the application of mesomorphism in conjunction with alignment techniques and self-assembly at interfaces. Reviewed here is the columnar mesomorphism of board-shaped dyes perylene, indigo, isoindigo, diketopyrrolopyrrole, and quinoxalinophenanthrophenazine. They generate a larger number of different supramolecular structures than conventional disc-shaped (discotic) mesogens because of their non-circular shape and directional intermolecular interactions. The mesomorphism of all but the perylene derivatives is systematically and comprehensively covered for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Holger Eichhorn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - A O El-Ballouli
- College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, 11481, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, 11426, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Adam Cassar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Bilal R Kaafarani
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon
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2
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Sebastian E, Philip AM, Benny A, Hariharan M. Null Exciton Splitting in Chromophoric Greek Cross (+) Aggregate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15696-15701. [PMID: 30338635 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Exciton interactions in molecular aggregates play a crucial role in tailoring the optical behaviour of π-conjugated materials. Though vital for optoelectronic applications, ideal Greek cross-dipole (α=90°) stacking of chromophores remains elusive. We report a novel Greek cross (+) assembly of 1,7-dibromoperylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic tetrabutylester (PTE-Br2 ) which exhibits null exciton coupling mediated monomer-like optical characteristics in the crystalline state. In contrast, nonzero exciton coupling in X-type (α=70.2°, PTE-Br0 ) and J-type (α=0°, θ=48.4°, PTE-Br4 ) assemblies have perturbed optical properties. Additionally, the semi-classical Marcus theory of charge-transfer rates predicts a selective hole transport phenomenon in the orthogonally stacked PTE-Br2 . Precise rotation angle dependent optoelectronic properties in crystalline PTE-Br2 can have consequences in the rational design of novel π-conjugated materials for photonic and molecular electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebin Sebastian
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Maruthamala P. O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Abbey M Philip
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Maruthamala P. O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Alfy Benny
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Maruthamala P. O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Maruthamala P. O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
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3
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Sebastian E, Philip AM, Benny A, Hariharan M. Null Exciton Splitting in Chromophoric Greek Cross (+) Aggregate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ebin Sebastian
- School of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM); Maruthamala P. O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Abbey M. Philip
- School of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM); Maruthamala P. O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Alfy Benny
- School of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM); Maruthamala P. O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM); Maruthamala P. O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
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Rocard L, Wragg D, Jobbins SA, Luciani L, Wouters J, Leoni S, Bonifazi D. Templated Chromophore Assembly on Peptide Scaffolds: A Structural Evolution. Chemistry 2018; 24:16136-16148. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lou Rocard
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Park Place CF10 3AT Cardiff UK
| | - Darren Wragg
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Park Place CF10 3AT Cardiff UK
| | | | - Lorenzo Luciani
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Park Place CF10 3AT Cardiff UK
| | - Johan Wouters
- Department of Chemistry; University of Namur (UNamur); 61, rue de Bruxelles Namur 5000 Belgium
| | - Stefano Leoni
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Park Place CF10 3AT Cardiff UK
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Park Place CF10 3AT Cardiff UK
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Bala I, Gupta SP, De J, Pal SK. Room-Temperature Columnar Nematic and Soft Crystalline Columnar Assemblies of a New Series of Perylene-Centred Disc Tetramers. Chemistry 2017; 23:12767-12778. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Indu Bala
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali; Sector-81, Knowledge City Manauli 140306 India
| | - Santosh Prasad Gupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali; Sector-81, Knowledge City Manauli 140306 India
| | - Joydip De
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali; Sector-81, Knowledge City Manauli 140306 India
| | - Santanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali; Sector-81, Knowledge City Manauli 140306 India
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Soberats B, Hecht M, Würthner F. Diketopyrrolopyrrole Columnar Liquid-Crystalline Assembly Directed by Quadruple Hydrogen Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201705137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartolome Soberats
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI); Universität Würzburg; Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Markus Hecht
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI); Universität Würzburg; Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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Soberats B, Hecht M, Würthner F. Diketopyrrolopyrrole Columnar Liquid-Crystalline Assembly Directed by Quadruple Hydrogen Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:10771-10774. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartolome Soberats
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI); Universität Würzburg; Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Markus Hecht
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI); Universität Würzburg; Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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Keerthi A, Hou ICY, Marszalek T, Pisula W, Baumgarten M, Narita A. Hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene with Different Acceptor Units for Tuning Optoelectronic Properties. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:2710-2714. [PMID: 27459304 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC)-based donor-acceptor dyads were synthesized with three different acceptor units, through two pathways: 1) "pre-functionalization" of monobromo-substituted hexaphenylbenzene prior to the cyclodehydrogenation; and 2) "post-functionalization" of monobromo-substituted HBC after the cyclodehydrogenation. The HBC-acceptor dyads demonstrated varying degrees of intramolecular charge-transfer interactions, depending on the attached acceptor units, which allowed tuning of their photophysical and optoelectronic properties, including the energy gaps. The two synthetic pathways described here can be complementary and potentially be applied for the synthesis of nanographene-acceptor dyads with larger aromatic cores, including one-dimensionally extended graphene nanoribbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Keerthi
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ian Cheng-Yi Hou
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tomasz Marszalek
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wojciech Pisula
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Martin Baumgarten
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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Zhu H, Chen F, Jin L, O'Dell LA, Forsyth M. Insight into Local Structure and Molecular Dynamics in Organic Solid-State Ionic Conductors. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:3720-4. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kurz R, Cobo MF, de Azevedo ER, Sommer M, Wicklein A, Thelakkat M, Hempel G, Saalwächter K. Avoiding bias effects in NMR experiments for heteronuclear dipole-dipole coupling determinations: principles and application to organic semiconductor materials. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:3146-55. [PMID: 23780575 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-proton dipole-dipole couplings between bonded atoms represent a popular probe of molecular dynamics in soft materials or biomolecules. Their site-resolved determination, for example, by using the popular DIPSHIFT experiment, can be challenged by spectral overlap with nonbonded carbon atoms. The problem can be solved by using very short cross-polarization (CP) contact times, however, the measured modulation curves then deviate strongly from the theoretically predicted shape, which is caused by the dependence of the CP efficiency on the orientation of the CH vector, leading to an anisotropic magnetization distribution even for isotropic samples. Herein, we present a detailed demonstration and explanation of this problem, as well as providing a solution. We combine DIPSHIFT experiments with the rotor-directed exchange of orientations (RODEO) method, and modifications of it, to redistribute the magnetization and obtain undistorted modulation curves. Our strategy is general in that it can also be applied to other types of experiments for heteronuclear dipole-dipole coupling determinations that rely on dipolar polarization transfer. It is demonstrated with perylene-bisimide-based organic semiconductor materials, as an example, in which measurements of dynamic order parameters reveal correlations of the molecular dynamics with the phase structure and functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Kurz
- Institut für Physik-NMR, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, 06120 Halle (Germany)
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Stepanenko V, Li XQ, Gershberg J, Würthner F. Evidence for Kinetic Nucleation in Helical Nanofiber Formation Directed by Chiral Solvent for a Perylene Bisimide Organogelator. Chemistry 2013; 19:4176-83. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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12
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Dudenko D, Kiersnowski A, Shu J, Pisula W, Sebastiani D, Spiess HW, Hansen MR. A Strategy for Revealing the Packing in Semicrystalline π-Conjugated Polymers: Crystal Structure of Bulk Poly-3-hexyl-thiophene (P3HT). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:11068-72. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201205075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Dudenko D, Kiersnowski A, Shu J, Pisula W, Sebastiani D, Spiess HW, Hansen MR. A Strategy for Revealing the Packing in Semicrystalline π-Conjugated Polymers: Crystal Structure of Bulk Poly-3-hexyl-thiophene (P3HT). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201205075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Schönamsgruber J, Schade B, Kirschbaum R, Li J, Bauer W, Böttcher C, Drewello T, Hirsch A. Synthesis and Aggregation Properties of Polycationic Perylenetetracarboxylic Acid Diimides. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Langhals H, Kinzel S. Thermochromism of perylenes: dynamics in aromatics. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 78:1212-1214. [PMID: 21239222 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2010.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A thermal equilibrium between planar and skew perylene derivatives induces thermochromism and may modulate molecular recognition. Thus, the long-lasting discussion about the geometry of perylene could be solved in terms of this equilibrium. Extension to other aromatics and practical applications such as for non contact fluorescence thermometers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Langhals
- Department of Chemistry, LMU-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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CNRS Gold Medal: G. Férey / Otto Röhm Award: D. Hinderberger / Tilden Prize: D. A. Leigh / Paul J. Flory Prize: H. W. Spiess. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201006291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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CNRS-Goldmedaille: G. Férey / Otto-Röhm-Preis: D. Hinderberger / Tilden-Preis: D. A. Leigh / Paul-J.-Flory-Preis: H. W. Spiess. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201006291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Davies M, Jung C, Wallis P, Schnitzler T, Li C, Müllen K, Bräuchle C. Photophysics of new photostable rylene derivatives: applications in single-molecule studies and membrane labelling. Chemphyschem 2010; 12:1588-95. [PMID: 21154947 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Three new photostable rylene dyes for applications in single molecule studies and membrane labelling have been synthesized and their photophysical properties were characterized. These dyes differ in the number of polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains attached to the core structure which is either a perylene derivate or a terrylene derivate. One perylene and one terrylene dye is modified with two PEG chains, and another terrylene derivate has four PEG chains. The results show that the terrylene dye with four PEG chains (4-PEG-TDI) forms soluble nonfluorescing H-aggregates in water, so that the absorption bands are blue-shifted with respect to those of the fluorescing monomeric form. The presence of a surfactant such as Pluronic P123 leads to the disruption of the aggregates due to the formation of monomers in micelles and a strong increase in fluorescence. Application for labelling cell membranes can be considered for this dye since it adsorbs in a similar way as monomer to a lipid bilayer. Furthermore a single-molecule study of all three rylene dyes in polymeric films of PMMA showed excellent photostability with respect to photobleaching, far above the photostability of other common water-soluble dyes, such as Oxazine-1, Atto647N, Cy5, Alexa647 and Rhodamin6G. Especially 4-PEG-TDI seems to be a promising dye for membrane labelling with its high photostability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melari Davies
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 11, 81377 München, Germany
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Junk M, Li W, Schlüter A, Wegner G, Spiess H, Zhang A, Hinderberger D. EPR-Spektroskopische Charakterisierung lokaler nanoskopischer Heterogenitäten beim thermischen Kollaps thermoresponsiver dendronisierter Polymere. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201001469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Junk M, Li W, Schlüter A, Wegner G, Spiess H, Zhang A, Hinderberger D. EPR Spectroscopic Characterization of Local Nanoscopic Heterogeneities during the Thermal Collapse of Thermoresponsive Dendronized Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:5683-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201001469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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