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Schmahl S, Horn F, Jin J, Westphal H, Belder D, Asmis KR. Online-Monitoring of the Enantiomeric Ratio in Microfluidic Chip Reactors Using Chiral Selector Ion Vibrational Spectroscopy. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300975. [PMID: 38418402 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
A novel experimental approach for the rapid online monitoring of the enantiomeric ratio of chiral analytes in solution is presented. The charged analyte is transferred to the gas phase by electrospray. Diastereomeric complexes are formed with a volatile chiral selector in a buffer-gas-filled ion guide held at room temperature, mass-selected, and subsequently spectrally differentiated by cryogenic ion trap vibrational spectroscopy. Based on the spectra of the pure complexes in a small diastereomer-specific spectral range, the composition of diastereomeric mixtures is characterized using the cosine similarity score, from which the enantiomeric ratio in the solution is determined. The method is demonstrated for acidified alanine solutions and using three different chiral selectors (2-butanol, 1-phenylethanol, 1-amino-2-propanol). Among these, 2-butanol is the best choice as a selector for protonated alanine, also because the formation ratio of the corresponding diastereomeric complexes is found to be independent of the nature of the enantiomer. Subsequently, a microfluidic chip is implemented to mix enantiomerically pure alanine solutions continuously and determine the enantiomeric ratio online with minimal sample consumption within one minute and with competitive accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Schmahl
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Francine Horn
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jiaye Jin
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hannes Westphal
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Detlev Belder
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Knut R Asmis
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Kempkes LJM, Martens J, Grzetic J, Berden G, Oomens J. Deamidation Reactions of Asparagine- and Glutamine-Containing Dipeptides Investigated by Ion Spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:1855-1869. [PMID: 27624159 PMCID: PMC5059420 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1462-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Deamidation is a major fragmentation channel upon activation by collision induced dissociation (CID) for protonated peptides containing glutamine (Gln) and asparagine (Asn) residues. Here, we investigate these NH3-loss reactions for four Asn- and Gln-containing protonated peptides in terms of the resulting product ion structures using infrared ion spectroscopy with the free electron laser FELIX. The influence of the side chain length (Asn versus Gln) and of the amino acid sequence on the deamidation reaction has been examined. Molecular structures for the product ions are determined by comparison of experimental IR spectra with spectra predicted by density functional theory (DFT). The reaction mechanisms identified for the four dipeptides AlaAsn, AsnAla, AlaGln, and GlnAla are not the same. For all four dipeptides, primary deamidation takes place from the amide side chain (and not from the N-terminus) and, in most cases, resembles the mechanisms previously identified for the protonated amino acids asparagine and glutamine. Secondary fragmentation reactions of the deamidation products have also been characterized and provide further insight in - and confirmation of - the identified mechanisms. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive molecular structure map of the deamidation chemistry of this series of dipeptides. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne J M Kempkes
- FELIX Laboratory, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Martens
- FELIX Laboratory, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Josipa Grzetic
- FELIX Laboratory, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Giel Berden
- FELIX Laboratory, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- FELIX Laboratory, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Seo J, Hoffmann W, Warnke S, Bowers MT, Pagel K, von Helden G. Die Erhaltung nativer Proteinstrukturen unter Ausschluss von Lösungsmittel: eine Untersuchung mit Hilfe der Kombination von Ionenmobilität mit Spektroskopie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201606029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jongcheol Seo
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Waldemar Hoffmann
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Stephan Warnke
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Michael T. Bowers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Deutschland
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der Freien Universität Berlin Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Gert von Helden
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Deutschland
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Seo J, Hoffmann W, Warnke S, Bowers MT, Pagel K, von Helden G. Retention of Native Protein Structures in the Absence of Solvent: A Coupled Ion Mobility and Spectroscopic Study. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:14173-14176. [PMID: 27545682 PMCID: PMC5113788 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201606029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Can the structures of small to medium‐sized proteins be conserved after transfer from the solution phase to the gas phase? A large number of studies have been devoted to this topic, however the answer has not been unambiguously determined to date. A clarification of this problem is important since it would allow very sensitive native mass spectrometry techniques to be used to address problems relevant to structural biology. A combination of ion‐mobility mass spectrometry with infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate the secondary and tertiary structure of proteins carefully transferred from solution to the gas phase. The two proteins investigated are myoglobin and β‐lactoglobulin, which are prototypical examples of helical and β‐sheet proteins, respectively. The results show that for low charge states under gentle conditions, aspects of the native secondary and tertiary structure can be conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongcheol Seo
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Waldemar Hoffmann
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Warnke
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael T Bowers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der, Freien Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gert von Helden
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
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Fraschetti C, Filippi A, Borocci S, Steinmetz V, Speranza M. Isomerism of Cycloserine and Its Protonated Form. Chempluschem 2014; 79:584-591. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201400006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Filippi A, Fraschetti C, Piccirillo S, Rondino F, Botta B, D'Acquarica I, Calcaterra A, Speranza M. Chirality effects on the IRMPD spectra of basket resorcinarene/nucleoside complexes. Chemistry 2012; 18:8320-8. [PMID: 22696428 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The IRMPD spectra of the ESI-formed proton-bound complexes of the R,R,R,R- and S,S,S,S-enantiomers of a bis(diamido)-bridged basket resorcin[4]arene (R and S) with cytosine (1), cytidine (2), and cytarabine (3) were measured in the region 2800-3600 cm(-1). Comparison of the IRMPD spectra with the corresponding ONIOM (B3LYP/6-31(d):UFF)-calculated absorption frequencies allowed the assessment of the vibrational modes that are responsible for the observed spectroscopic features. All of the complexes investigated, apart from [R⋅H⋅3](+), showed similar IRMPD spectra, which points to similar structural and conformational landscapes. Their IRMPD spectra agree with the formation of several isomeric structures in the ESI source, wherein the N(3)-protonated guest establishes noncovalent interactions with the host amidocarbonyl groups that are either oriented inside the host cavity or outside it between one of the bridged side-chains and the upper aromatic nucleus. The IRMPD spectrum of the [R⋅H⋅3](+) complex was clearly different from the others. This difference is attributed to the effect of intramolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions between the C(2')-OH group and the aglycone oxygen atom of the nucleosidic guest upon repulsive interactions between the same oxygen atom and the aromatic rings of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonello Filippi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università di Roma La Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy
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Balaj OP, Semrouni D, Steinmetz V, Nicol E, Clavaguéra C, Ohanessian G. Structure of Sodiated Polyglycines. Chemistry 2012; 18:4583-92. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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