1
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Hussain N, Hussain A. Advances in Pd-catalyzed C-C bond formation in carbohydrates and their applications in the synthesis of natural products and medicinally relevant molecules. RSC Adv 2021; 11:34369-34391. [PMID: 35497292 PMCID: PMC9042403 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06351k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in the Pd-catalyzed synthesis of C-glycosides and branched sugars are summarized herein and the strategies are categorized based on named reactions or types of sugar moieties involved in the reactions. These include cross-coupling reactions, C-H activations, and carbonylative cross-coupling reactions. Applications of Pd-catalyzed C-glycosylation reactions are discussed in the synthesis of natural products and biologically active molecules such as bergenin, papulacandin D, and SGLT2-inhibitors. Important mechanistic cycles are drawn and the mechanisms for how Pd-activates the sugar moieties for various coupling partners are discussed. The directing group-assisted C-glycosylation and some intramolecular C-H activation reactions are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazar Hussain
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU Varanasi-221005 India
| | - Altaf Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. Degree College Poonch J&K India 185101
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2
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Junk L, Kazmaier U. The Allylic Alkylation of Ketone Enolates. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:929-952. [PMID: 32953384 PMCID: PMC7482671 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation of non-stabilized ketone enolates was thought for a long time to be not as efficient as the analogous reactions of stabilized enolates, e. g. of malonates and β-ketoesters. The field has experienced a rapid development during the last two decades, with a range of new, highly efficient protocols evolved. In this review, the early developments as well as current methods and applications of palladium-catalyzed ketone enolate allylations will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Junk
- Organic Chemistry ISaarland UniversityCampus C4.266123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Uli Kazmaier
- Organic Chemistry ISaarland UniversityCampus C4.266123SaarbrückenGermany
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3
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Menges JA, Grandjean A, Clasen A, Jung G. Kinetics of Palladium(0)‐Allyl Interactions in the Tsuji‐Trost Reaction, derived from Single‐Molecule Fluorescence Microscopy. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes A. Menges
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry Saarland University Building B2 2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Alexander Grandjean
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry Saarland University Building B2 2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Anne Clasen
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry Saarland University Building B2 2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Gregor Jung
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry Saarland University Building B2 2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
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4
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Fan L, Luo S, Chen S, Wang T, Wang P, Gong L. Nucleophile Coordination Enabled Regioselectivity in Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic C−H Alkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16806-16810. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lian‐Feng Fan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Shi‐Wei Luo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Shu‐Sen Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Tian‐Ci Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Pu‐Sheng Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Liu‐Zhu Gong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS China
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5
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Fan L, Luo S, Chen S, Wang T, Wang P, Gong L. Nucleophile Coordination Enabled Regioselectivity in Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic C−H Alkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lian‐Feng Fan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Shi‐Wei Luo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Shu‐Sen Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Tian‐Ci Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Pu‐Sheng Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Liu‐Zhu Gong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS China
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6
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Horn A, Kazmaier U. Stereoselective Modification of N-(α-Hydroxyacyl)-glycinesters via Palladium-Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation. Org Lett 2019; 21:4595-4599. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Horn
- Organic Chemistry I, Saarland University, Campus, Building C4.2, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Uli Kazmaier
- Organic Chemistry I, Saarland University, Campus, Building C4.2, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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7
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Liu J, Han Z, Wang X, Meng F, Wang Z, Ding K. Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Construction of Vicinal Tertiary and All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters by Allylation of β-Ketocarbonyls with Morita-Baylis-Hillman Adducts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:5050-5054. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zhaobin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Fanye Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Kuiling Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin 300071 China
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8
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Liu J, Han Z, Wang X, Meng F, Wang Z, Ding K. Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Construction of Vicinal Tertiary and All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters by Allylation of β-Ketocarbonyls with Morita-Baylis-Hillman Adducts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zhaobin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Fanye Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Kuiling Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin 300071 China
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9
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Kazmaier U. Non-stabilized enolates – versatile nucleophiles in transition metal-catalysed allylic alkylations. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00192k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review covers new developments in the transition metal-catalyzed allylic alkylations of non-stabilized enolates, preferentially generated from ketone, esters or amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uli Kazmaier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Saarland University
- 66041 Saarbrücken
- Germany
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10
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Marziale AN, Duquette DC, Craig RA, Kim KE, Liniger M, Numajiri Y, Stoltz BM. An Efficient Protocol for the Palladium-catalyzed Asymmetric Decarboxylative Allylic Alkylation Using Low Palladium Concentrations and a Palladium(II) Precatalyst. Adv Synth Catal 2015; 357:2238-2245. [PMID: 27042171 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Enantioselective catalytic allylic alkylation for the synthesis of 2-alkyl-2-allylcycloalkanones and 3,3-disubstituted pyrrolidinones, piperidinones and piperazinones has been previously reported by our laboratory. The efficient construction of chiral all-carbon quaternary centers by allylic alkylation was previously achieved with a catalyst derived in situ from zero valent palladium sources and chiral phosphinooxazoline (PHOX) ligands. We now report an improved reaction protocol with broad applicability among different substrate classes in industry-compatible reaction media using loadings of palladium(II) acetate as low as 0.075 mol % and the readily available chiral PHOX ligands. The novel and highly efficient procedure enables facile scale-up of the reaction in an economical and sustainable fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Marziale
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Douglas C Duquette
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Robert A Craig
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Kelly E Kim
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Marc Liniger
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Yoshitaka Numajiri
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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11
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Huwig K, Schultz K, Kazmaier U. Regio- und stereoselektive Modifizierung chiraler α-Aminoketone durch Palladium-katalysierte allylische Alkylierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Huwig K, Schultz K, Kazmaier U. Regio- and Stereoselective Modification of Chiral α-Amino Ketones by Pd-Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:9120-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Korch KM, Eidamshaus C, Behenna DC, Nam S, Horne D, Stoltz BM. Enantioselective synthesis of α-secondary and α-tertiary piperazin-2-ones and piperazines by catalytic asymmetric allylic alkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:179-83. [PMID: 25382664 PMCID: PMC4285707 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative allylic alkylation of differentially N-protected piperazin-2-ones allows the synthesis of a variety of highly enantioenriched tertiary piperazine-2-ones. Deprotection and reduction affords the corresponding tertiary piperazines, which can be employed for the synthesis of medicinally important analogues. The introduction of these chiral tertiary piperazines resulted in imatinib analogues which exhibited comparable antiproliferative activity to that of their corresponding imatinib counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina M. Korch
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Christian Eidamshaus
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Douglas C. Behenna
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Sangkil Nam
- Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010 (USA)
| | - David Horne
- Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010 (USA)
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
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14
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Korch KM, Eidamshaus C, Behenna DC, Nam S, Horne D, Stoltz BM. Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Secondary and α‐Tertiary Piperazin‐2‐ones and Piperazines by Catalytic Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201408609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina M. Korch
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101‐20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Christian Eidamshaus
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101‐20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Douglas C. Behenna
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101‐20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Sangkil Nam
- Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010 (USA)
| | - David Horne
- Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010 (USA)
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101‐20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
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15
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Zeng J, Tan YJ, Ma J, Leow ML, Tirtorahardjo D, Liu XW. Facile access to cis-2,6-disubstituted tetrahydropyrans by palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative allylation: total syntheses of (±)-centrolobine and (+)-decytospolides A and B. Chemistry 2013; 20:405-9. [PMID: 24285699 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
cis-2,6-Tetrahydropyran is an important structural skeleton of bioactive natural products. A facile synthesis of cis-2,6-disubstituted-3,6-dihydropyrans as cis-2,6-tetrahydropyran precursors has been achieved in high regio- and stereoselectivity with high yields. This reaction involves a palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative allylation of various 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran substrates. Extending this reaction to 1,2-unsaturated carbohydrates allowed the achievement of challenging β-C-glycosylation. Based on this methodology, the total syntheses of (±)-centrolobine and (+)-decytospolides A and B were achieved in concise steps and overall high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zeng
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
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16
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Xiang S, Lu Z, He J, Le MaiHoang K, Zeng J, Liu XW. β-Type Glycosidic Bond Formation by Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylation. Chemistry 2013; 19:14047-51. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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17
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Reeves CM, Eidamshaus C, Kim J, Stoltz BM. Enantioselective Construction of α-Quaternary Cyclobutanones by Catalytic Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201301815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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Reeves CM, Eidamshaus C, Kim J, Stoltz BM. Enantioselective construction of α-quaternary cyclobutanones by catalytic asymmetric allylic alkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:6718-21. [PMID: 23686812 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201301815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corey M Reeves
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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19
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Audisio D, Gopakumar G, Xie LG, Alves LG, Wirtz C, Martins AM, Thiel W, Farès C, Maulide N. Palladium-Catalyzed Allylic Substitution at Four-Membered-Ring Systems: Formation of η1-Allyl Complexes and Electrocyclic Ring Opening. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:6313-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201301034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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Audisio D, Gopakumar G, Xie LG, Alves LG, Wirtz C, Martins AM, Thiel W, Farès C, Maulide N. Palladium-katalysierte allylische Substitution an viergliedrigen Ringen: Bildung von η1-Allylkomplexen und elektrocyclische Ringöffnung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201301034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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21
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Zeng J, Ma J, Xiang S, Cai S, Liu X. Stereoselective β‐
C
‐Glycosylation by a Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylation: Formal Synthesis of Aspergillide A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:5134-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201210266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zeng
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371 (Singapore)
| | - Jimei Ma
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371 (Singapore)
| | - Shaohua Xiang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371 (Singapore)
| | - Shuting Cai
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371 (Singapore)
| | - Xue‐Wei Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371 (Singapore)
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22
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Zeng J, Ma J, Xiang S, Cai S, Liu XW. Stereoselective β-C-Glycosylation by a Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylation: Formal Synthesis of Aspergillide A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201210266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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23
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Bennett NB, Duquette DC, Kim J, Liu WB, Marziale AN, Behenna DC, Virgil SC, Stoltz BM. Expanding insight into asymmetric palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation of N-heterocyclic molecules and cyclic ketones. Chemistry 2013; 19:4414-8. [PMID: 23447555 PMCID: PMC3815597 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Eeny, meeny, miny ... enaminones! Lactams and imides have been shown to consistently provide enantioselectivities substantially higher than other substrate classes previously investigated in the palladium-catalyzed asymmetric decarboxylative allylic alkylation. Several new substrates have been designed to probe the contributions of electronic, steric, and stereoelectronic factors that distinguish the lactam/imide series as superior alkylation substrates (see scheme). These studies culminated in marked improvements on carbocyclic allylic alkylation substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jimin Kim
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Wen-Bo Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Alexander N. Marziale
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Douglas C. Behenna
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Scott C. Virgil
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
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Gartshore CJ, Lupton DW. Enantioselective Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylation of Carbazolones and Indolones: Formal Synthesis of (+)-Kopsihainanine A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:4113-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201209069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Gartshore CJ, Lupton DW. Enantioselective Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylation of Carbazolones and Indolones: Formal Synthesis of (+)-Kopsihainanine A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201209069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Li Z, Jiang YY, Yeagley AA, Bour JP, Liu L, Chruma JJ, Fu Y. Mechanism of the Pd-catalyzed decarboxylative allylation of α-imino esters: decarboxylation via free carboxylate ion. Chemistry 2012; 18:14527-38. [PMID: 23002017 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Pd-catalyzed decarboxylative allylation of α-(diphenylmethylene)imino esters (1) or allyl diphenylglycinate imines (2) is an efficient method to construct new C(sp(3))-C(sp(3)) bonds. The detailed mechanism of this reaction was studied by theoretical calculations [ONIOM(B3LYP/LANL2DZ+p:PM6)] combined with experimental observations. The overall catalytic cycle was found to consist of three steps: oxidative addition, decarboxylation, and reductive allylation. The oxidative addition of 1 to [(dba)Pd(PPh(3))(2)] (dba = dibenzylideneacetone) produces an allylpalladium cation and a carboxylate anion with a low activation barrier of +9.1 kcal mol(-1). The following rate-determining decarboxylation proceeds via a solvent-exposed α-imino carboxylate anion rather than an O-ligated allylpalladium carboxylate with an activation barrier of +22.7 kcal mol(-1). The 2-azaallyl anion generated by this decarboxylation attacks the face of the allyl ligand opposite to the Pd center in an outer-sphere process to produce major product 3, with a lower activation barrier than that of the minor product 4. A positive linear Hammett correlation [ρ = 1.10 for the PPh(3) ligand] with the observed regioselectivity (3 versus 4) supports an outer-sphere pathway for the allylation step. When Pd combined with the bis(diphenylphosphino)butane (dppb) ligand is employed as a catalyst, the decarboxylation still proceeds via the free carboxylate anion without direct assistance of the cationic Pd center. Consistent with experimental observations, electron-withdrawing substituents on 2 were calculated to have lower activation barriers for decarboxylation and, thus, accelerate the overall reaction rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
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Behenna DC, Mohr JT, Sherden NH, Marinescu SC, Harned AM, Tani K, Seto M, Ma S, Novák Z, Krout MR, McFadden RM, Roizen JL, Enquist JA, White DE, Levine SR, Petrova KV, Iwashita A, Virgil SC, Stoltz BM. Enantioselective decarboxylative alkylation reactions: catalyst development, substrate scope, and mechanistic studies. Chemistry 2011; 17:14199-223. [PMID: 22083969 PMCID: PMC3365686 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
α-Quaternary ketones are accessed through novel enantioselective alkylations of allyl and propargyl electrophiles by unstabilized prochiral enolate nucleophiles in the presence of palladium complexes with various phosphinooxazoline (PHOX) ligands. Excellent yields and high enantiomeric excesses are obtained from three classes of enolate precursor: enol carbonates, enol silanes, and racemic β-ketoesters. Each of these substrate classes functions with nearly identical efficiency in terms of yield and enantioselectivity. Catalyst discovery and development, the optimization of reaction conditions, the exploration of reaction scope, and applications in target-directed synthesis are reported. Experimental observations suggest that these alkylation reactions occur through an unusual inner-sphere mechanism involving binding of the prochiral enolate nucleophile directly to the palladium center.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nathaniel H. Sherden
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Smaranda C. Marinescu
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Andrew M. Harned
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Kousuke Tani
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Masaki Seto
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Sandy Ma
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Zoltán Novák
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Michael R. Krout
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Ryan M. McFadden
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Jennifer L. Roizen
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - John A. Enquist
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - David E. White
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Samantha R. Levine
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Krastina V. Petrova
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Akihiko Iwashita
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Scott C. Virgil
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
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Day JJ, McFadden RM, Virgil SC, Kolding H, Alleva JL, Stoltz BM. The catalytic enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-liphagal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:6814-8. [PMID: 21671325 PMCID: PMC3361906 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ring a ding : The first catalytic enantioselective total synthesis of the meroterpenoid natural product (+)-liphagal is disclosed. The approach showcases a variety of technology including enantioselective enolate alkylation, a photochemical alkyne-alkene [2+2] reaction, microwave-assisted metal catalysis, and an intramolecular aryne capture cyclization reaction. Pivotal to the successful completion of the synthesis was a sequence involving ring expansion from a [6-5-4] tricycle to a [6-7] bicyclic core followed by stereoselective hydrogenation of a sterically occluded tri-substituted olefin to establish the trans homodecalin system found in the natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J. Day
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and The Caltech Center for Catalysis and Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Ryan M. McFadden
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and The Caltech Center for Catalysis and Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Scott C. Virgil
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and The Caltech Center for Catalysis and Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Helene Kolding
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and The Caltech Center for Catalysis and Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Jennifer L. Alleva
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and The Caltech Center for Catalysis and Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and The Caltech Center for Catalysis and Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
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29
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Day JJ, McFadden RM, Virgil SC, Kolding H, Alleva JL, Stoltz BM. The Catalytic Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)-Liphagal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201101842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Hu Y, Sun Y, Hu J, Zhu T, Yu T, Zhao Q. Fused Phenanthridines: Domino Cyclization of 1,6-Diynes with Bromo(iso)quinoline. Chem Asian J 2011; 6:797-800. [PMID: 21225971 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201000692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Hu
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China.
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Hu Y, Yao H, Sun Y, Wan J, Lin X, Zhu T. Efficient Activation of Aromatic CH Bonds for Fused Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon Construction. Chemistry 2010; 16:7635-41. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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