1
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Bock L, Schultheiß SK, Maschauer S, Lasch R, Gradl S, Prante O, Zard SZ, Heinrich MR. Synthesis of 2‐(Chlorodifluoromethyl)indoles for Nucleophilic Halogen Exchange with [
18
F]Fluoride. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Bock
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Stefanie K. Schultheiß
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Simone Maschauer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Schwabachanlage 12 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Roman Lasch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Susanne Gradl
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Olaf Prante
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Schwabachanlage 12 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Samir Z. Zard
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique associé au CNRS Ecole Polytechnique 91128 Palaiseau France
| | - Markus R. Heinrich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
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2
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Raviola
- PhotoGreen Lab University of Pavia Viale Taramelli 10 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Stefano Protti
- PhotoGreen Lab University of Pavia Viale Taramelli 10 27100 Pavia Italy
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3
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Halbig CE, Lasch R, Krüll J, Pirzer AS, Wang Z, Kirchhof JN, Bolotin KI, Heinrich MR, Eigler S. Selective Functionalization of Graphene at Defect-Activated Sites by Arylazocarboxylic tert-Butyl Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3599-3603. [PMID: 30570208 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The development of versatile functionalization concepts for graphene is currently in the focus of research. Upon oxo-functionalization of graphite, the full surface of graphene becomes accessible for C-C bond formation to introduce out-of-plane functionality. Herein, we present the arylation of graphene with arylazocarboxylic tert-butyl esters, which generates aryl radicals after activation with an acid. Surprisingly, the degree of functionalization is related to the concentration of lattice vacancy defects in the graphene material. Consequently, graphene materials that are free from lattice defects are not reactive. The reaction can be applied to graphene dispersed in solvents and leads to bitopic functionalization as well as monotopic functionalization when the graphene is deposited on surfaces. As the arylazocarboxylic tert-butyl ester moiety can be attached to various molecules, the presented method paves the way to functional graphene derivatives, with the density of defects determining the degree of functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian E Halbig
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roman Lasch
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Krüll
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna S Pirzer
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zhenping Wang
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan N Kirchhof
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kirill I Bolotin
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus R Heinrich
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Siegfried Eigler
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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4
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Halbig CE, Lasch R, Krüll J, Pirzer AS, Wang Z, Kirchhof JN, Bolotin KI, Heinrich MR, Eigler S. Selektive Funktionalisierung von Graphen an defektaktivierten Bereichen durch Arylazocarbonsäure-tert
-butylester. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian E. Halbig
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Roman Lasch
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie; Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Jasmin Krüll
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie; Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Anna S. Pirzer
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie; Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Zhenping Wang
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Jan N. Kirchhof
- Institut für Experimentalphysik; Freie Universität Berlin; Arnimallee 14 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Kirill I. Bolotin
- Institut für Experimentalphysik; Freie Universität Berlin; Arnimallee 14 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Markus R. Heinrich
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie; Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Siegfried Eigler
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Deutschland
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5
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Krüll J, Hubert A, Nebel N, Prante O, Heinrich MR. Microwave‐Assisted Rapid One‐Pot Synthesis of Fused and Non‐Fused Indoles and 5‐[
18
F]Fluoroindoles from Phenylazocarboxylates. Chemistry 2017; 23:16174-16178. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Krüll
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Schuhstraße 19 91052 Erlangen Germany
| | - Anja Hubert
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Schuhstraße 19 91052 Erlangen Germany
| | - Natascha Nebel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Schwabachanlage 6 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Olaf Prante
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Schwabachanlage 6 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Markus R. Heinrich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Schuhstraße 19 91052 Erlangen Germany
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6
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Esguerra KVN, Lumb JP. Synthesis of ortho
-Azophenols by Formal Dehydrogenative Coupling of Phenols and Hydrazines or Hydrazides. Chemistry 2017; 23:8596-8600. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Philip Lumb
- Department of Chemistry; McGill University; 801 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
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7
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Hashimoto T, Hirose D, Taniguchi T. Catalytic Aerobic Oxidation of Arylhydrazides with Iron Phthalocyanine. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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8
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Fehler SK, Pratsch G, Heinrich MR. Phenyldiazene - abgefangen in Cycloadditionsreaktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Fehler SK, Pratsch G, Heinrich MR. The trapping of phenyldiazenes in cycloaddition reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11361-5. [PMID: 25154799 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of phenyldiazenes was studied intensively in the late 1960s, but not much is known about their behavior under acidic conditions. Based on the formation of phenyldiazenes from phenylazocarboxylates, we herein describe how reactions of phenyldiazenes can be directed into ionic or radical pathways. Cycloaddition reactions with furans leading to pyridazinium salts represent the first examples for the direct trapping of phenyldiazenes with conservation of the N=N moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie K Fehler
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstrasse 19, 91052 Erlangen (Germany) http://www.medchem.uni-erlangen.de/heinrichlab/
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10
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Fehler SK, Maschauer S, Höfling SB, Bartuschat AL, Tschammer N, Hübner H, Gmeiner P, Prante O, Heinrich MR. Fast and efficient (18) F-labeling by [(18) f]fluorophenylazocarboxylic esters. Chemistry 2013; 20:370-5. [PMID: 24339325 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Introduction of [(18) F]fluoride ion into the aromatic core of phenylazocarboxylic esters was achieved in only 30 seconds, with radiochemical yields of up to 95 % (85(±10) %). For labeling purposes, the resulting (18) F-substituted azoester can be further converted in radical-arylation reactions to give biaryls, or in substitutions at its carbonyl unit to produce azocarboxamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie K Fehler
- Abteilung für Chemie und Pharmazie, Pharmazeutische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstrasse 19, 91052 Erlangen (Germany)
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11
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Prasad Hari D, Hering T, König B. Die photoredoxkatalysierte Meerwein-Addition: intermolekulare Aminoarylierung von Alkenen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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12
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Prasad Hari D, Hering T, König B. The Photoredox-Catalyzed Meerwein Addition Reaction: Intermolecular Amino-Arylation of Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 53:725-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Jasch H, Landais Y, Heinrich MR. Twofold Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation by Intra- and Intermolecular Radical Reactions of Aryl Diazonium Salts. Chemistry 2013; 19:8411-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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Hari DP, König B. The Photocatalyzed Meerwein Arylation: Classic Reaction of Aryl Diazonium Salts in a New Light. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:4734-43. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201210276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 656] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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15
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Hari DP, König B. Die photokatalytische Meerwein-Arylierung: eine klassische Aryldiazoniumsalz-Reaktion in neuem Licht. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201210276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Jalalian N, Petersen TB, Olofsson B. Metal-free arylation of oxygen nucleophiles with diaryliodonium salts. Chemistry 2012; 18:14140-9. [PMID: 23015511 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Phenols and carboxylic acids are efficiently arylated with diaryliodonium salts. The reaction conditions are mild, metal free, and avoid the use of halogenated solvents, additives, and excess reagents. The products are obtained in good-to-excellent yields after short reaction times. Steric hindrance is very well tolerated, both in the nucleophile and diaryliodonium salt. The scope includes ortho- and halo-substituted products, which are difficult to obtain by metal-catalyzed protocols. Many functional groups are tolerated, including carbonyl groups, heteroatoms, and alkenes. Unsymmetric salts can be chemoselectively utilized to obtain products with hitherto unreported levels of steric congestion. The arylation has been extended to sulfonic acids, which can be converted to sulfonate esters by two different approaches. With recent advances in efficient synthetic procedures for diaryliodonium salts the reagents are now inexpensive and readily available. The iodoarene byproduct formed from the iodonium reagent can be recovered quantitatively and used to regenerate the diaryliodonium salt, which improves the atom economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazli Jalalian
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Sweden
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17
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Pratsch G, Wallaschkowski T, Heinrich MR. The Gomberg-Bachmann Reaction for the Arylation of Anilines with Aryl Diazotates. Chemistry 2012; 18:11555-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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