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Zheng J, Wang Q, Shi L, Peng P, Shi L, Li T. Logic-Gated Proximity Aptasensing for Cell-Surface Real-Time Monitoring of Apoptosis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20858-20864. [PMID: 34309152 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In nature, intact apoptotic cells release ATP as a signaling molecule to trigger prompt phagocytic clearance, even at the earliest stage of apoptosis. Inspired by this, here we introduce a straightforward strategy for real-time monitoring ATP exocytosis and drug-stimulated apoptosis in the cancer cell surroundings. Triplex-boosted G-quadruplexes (tb-G4s) responding to cell environmental factors (H+ and K+ ) are engineered to construct a DNA logic-gated nanoplatform for proximity ATP aptasensing on the cell surface. It enables the real-time monitoring of cell apoptosis by capturing released endogenous ATP during chemotherapy drug stimulation, providing a sensitive approach for dynamically evaluating drug-induced apoptosis and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Qiwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Pai Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Lili Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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2
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Zheng J, Wang Q, Shi L, Peng P, Shi L, Li T. Logic‐Gated Proximity Aptasensing for Cell‐Surface Real‐Time Monitoring of Apoptosis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zheng
- Department of Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Qiwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Pai Peng
- Department of Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Lili Shi
- Department of Chemistry Anhui University 111 Jiulong Road Hefei Anhui 230601 China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
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3
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Lu S, Shen J, Fan C, Li Q, Yang X. DNA Assembly-Based Stimuli-Responsive Systems. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2100328. [PMID: 34258165 PMCID: PMC8261508 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive designs with exogenous stimuli enable remote and reversible control of DNA nanostructures, which break many limitations of static nanostructures and inspired development of dynamic DNA nanotechnology. Moreover, the introduction of various types of organic molecules, polymers, chemical bonds, and chemical reactions with stimuli-responsive properties development has greatly expand the application scope of dynamic DNA nanotechnology. Here, DNA assembly-based stimuli-responsive systems are reviewed, with the focus on response units and mechanisms that depend on different exogenous stimuli (DNA strand, pH, light, temperature, electricity, metal ions, etc.), and their applications in fields of nanofabrication (DNA architectures, hybrid architectures, nanomachines, and constitutional dynamic networks) and biomedical research (biosensing, bioimaging, therapeutics, and theranostics) are discussed. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for DNA assembly-based stimuli-responsive systems are overviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesInstitute of Translational MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Jianlei Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesInstitute of Translational MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesInstitute of Translational MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
- Institute of Molecular MedicineShanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and NanomedicineDepartment of UrologyRenji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesInstitute of Translational MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Xiurong Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesInstitute of Translational MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
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4
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Wu Y, Wang D, Willner I, Tian Y, Jiang L. Smart DNA Hydrogel Integrated Nanochannels with High Ion Flux and Adjustable Selective Ionic Transport. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing 211189 China
- Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Dianyu Wang
- Jilin University; College of Chemistry; Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Itamar Willner
- Institute of Chemistry; The Minerva Center for Complex Biohybrid Systems; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem 91904 Israel
| | - Ye Tian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); Key Laboratory of Organic Solids; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
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5
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Wu Y, Wang D, Willner I, Tian Y, Jiang L. Smart DNA Hydrogel Integrated Nanochannels with High Ion Flux and Adjustable Selective Ionic Transport. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:7790-7794. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing 211189 China
- Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Dianyu Wang
- Jilin University; College of Chemistry; Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Itamar Willner
- Institute of Chemistry; The Minerva Center for Complex Biohybrid Systems; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem 91904 Israel
| | - Ye Tian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); Key Laboratory of Organic Solids; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
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6
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Cheong VV, Lech CJ, Heddi B, Phan AT. Inverting the G-Tetrad Polarity of a G-Quadruplex by Using Xanthine and 8-Oxoguanine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201507034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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7
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Cheong VV, Lech CJ, Heddi B, Phan AT. Inverting the G-Tetrad Polarity of a G-Quadruplex by Using Xanthine and 8-Oxoguanine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:160-3. [PMID: 26563582 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201507034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
G-quadruplexes are four-stranded nucleic acid structures that are built from consecutively stacked guanine tetrad (G-tetrad) assemblies. The simultaneous incorporation of two guanine base lesions, xanthine (X) and 8-oxoguanine (O), within a single G-tetrad of a G-quadruplex was recently shown to lead to the formation of a stable G⋅G⋅X⋅O tetrad. Herein, a judicious introduction of X and O into a human telomeric G-quadruplex-forming sequence is shown to reverse the hydrogen-bond polarity of the modified G-tetrad while preserving the original folding topology. The control exerted over G-tetrad polarity by joint X⋅O modification will be valuable for the design and programming of G-quadruplex structures and their properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vee Vee Cheong
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371 (Singapore)
| | - Christopher Jacques Lech
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371 (Singapore)
| | - Brahim Heddi
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371 (Singapore)
| | - Anh Tuân Phan
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371 (Singapore).
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Aizen R, Golub E, Trifonov A, Shimron S, Niazov-Elkan A, Willner I. G-Quadruplex-Stimulated Optical and Electrocatalytic DNA Switches. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:3654-3658. [PMID: 25903041 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201403794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The K(+) /18-crown-6-(or [2.2.2] cryptand)-stimulated formation and dissociation of G-quadruplex nanostructures lead to the cyclic and switchable photonic and electrocatalytic molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Aizen
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Minerva Center for Biohybrid Complex Systems, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Eyal Golub
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Minerva Center for Biohybrid Complex Systems, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Alexander Trifonov
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Minerva Center for Biohybrid Complex Systems, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Simcha Shimron
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Minerva Center for Biohybrid Complex Systems, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Angelica Niazov-Elkan
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Minerva Center for Biohybrid Complex Systems, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Itamar Willner
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Minerva Center for Biohybrid Complex Systems, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
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Zhu B, Booth MA, Woo HY, Hodgkiss JM, Travas-Sejdic J. Label-Free, Electrochemical Quantitation of Potassium Ions from Femtomolar Levels. Chem Asian J 2015; 10:2169-75. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201500313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bicheng Zhu
- School of Chemical Sciences; Polymer Electronics Research Centre (PERC); The University of Auckland; 23 Symonds Street Auckland New Zealand
| | - Marsilea A. Booth
- Digital Sensing Limited; 16 Beatrice Tinsley Cresent, Albany Auckland 0632 New Zealand
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Cogno Mechatronics Engineering; Pusan National University; Miryang 627-706 Republic of Korea
| | - Justin M. Hodgkiss
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology; Laby 410, Gate 6 Kelburn Parade Kelburn, Wellington New Zealand
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences; Victoria University of Wellington; Wellington New Zealand
| | - Jadranka Travas-Sejdic
- School of Chemical Sciences; Polymer Electronics Research Centre (PERC); The University of Auckland; 23 Symonds Street Auckland New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology; Laby 410, Gate 6 Kelburn Parade Kelburn, Wellington New Zealand
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10
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Liu S, Wei W, Liu T, Wang L. Catalytic Hairpin Assembly-Programmed DNA Three-Way Junction for Enzyme-Free and Amplified Electrochemical Detection of Target DNA. Chem Asian J 2015; 10:1903-8. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201500675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shufeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker; Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; No. 53 Rd. Zhengzhou, Qingdao Shandong 266042 China
| | - Wenji Wei
- Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker; Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; No. 53 Rd. Zhengzhou, Qingdao Shandong 266042 China
| | - Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker; Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; No. 53 Rd. Zhengzhou, Qingdao Shandong 266042 China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker; Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; No. 53 Rd. Zhengzhou, Qingdao Shandong 266042 China
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11
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Endo M, Takeuchi Y, Suzuki Y, Emura T, Hidaka K, Wang F, Willner I, Sugiyama H. Single-Molecule Visualization of the Activity of a Zn2+
-Dependent DNAzyme. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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12
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Endo M, Takeuchi Y, Suzuki Y, Emura T, Hidaka K, Wang F, Willner I, Sugiyama H. Single-Molecule Visualization of the Activity of a Zn(2+)-Dependent DNAzyme. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [PMID: 26195344 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate the single-molecule imaging of the catalytic reaction of a Zn(2+)-dependent DNAzyme in a DNA origami nanostructure. The single-molecule catalytic activity of the DNAzyme was examined in the designed nanostructure, a DNA frame. The DNAzyme and a substrate strand attached to two supported dsDNA molecules were assembled in the DNA frame in two different configurations. The reaction was monitored by observing the configurational changes of the incorporated DNA strands in the DNA frame. This configurational changes were clearly observed in accordance with the progress of the reaction. The separation processes of the dsDNA molecules, as induced by the cleavage by the DNAzyme, were directly visualized by high-speed atomic force microscopy (AFM). This nanostructure-based AFM imaging technique is suitable for the monitoring of various chemical and biochemical catalytic reactions at the single-molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Endo
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-ushinomiyacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 (Japan).
- CREST (Japan) Science and Technology Agency (JST), Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075 (Japan).
| | - Yosuke Takeuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 (Japan)
| | - Yuki Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 (Japan)
| | - Tomoko Emura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 (Japan)
| | - Kumi Hidaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 (Japan)
| | - Fuan Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, The Minerva Center for Biohybrid Complex Systems, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904 (Israel)
| | - Itamar Willner
- Institute of Chemistry, The Minerva Center for Biohybrid Complex Systems, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904 (Israel).
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-ushinomiyacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 (Japan).
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 (Japan).
- CREST (Japan) Science and Technology Agency (JST), Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075 (Japan).
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Huang YC, Yu HZ, Sen D. DNA mechatronic devices switched by K+and by Sr2+are structurally, topologically, and electronically distinct. Biopolymers 2015; 103:460-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chuan Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry; Simon Fraser University; Burnaby B C V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Hua-Zhong Yu
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry; Simon Fraser University; Burnaby B C V5A 1S6 Canada
- Department of Chemistry; Simon Fraser University; Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Dipankar Sen
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry; Simon Fraser University; Burnaby B C V5A 1S6 Canada
- Department of Chemistry; Simon Fraser University; Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
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Wang F, Liu X, Willner I. DNA switches: from principles to applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:1098-129. [PMID: 25521588 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The base sequence of nucleic acid encodes structural and functional properties into the biopolymer. Structural information includes the formation of duplexes, G-quadruplexes, i-motif, and cooperatively stabilized assemblies. Functional information encoded in the base sequence involves the strand-displacement process, the recognition properties by aptamers, and the catalytic functions of DNAzymes. This Review addresses the implementation of the information encoded in nucleic acids to develop DNA switches. A DNA switch is a supramolecular nucleic acid assembly that undergoes cyclic, switchable, transitions between two distinct states in the presence of appropriate triggers and counter triggers, such as pH value, metal ions/ligands, photonic and electrical stimuli. Applications of switchable DNA systems to tailor switchable DNA hydrogels, for the controlled drug-release and for the activation of switchable enzyme cascades, are described, and future perspectives of the systems are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuan Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904 (Israel) http://chem.ch.huji.ac.il/willner/
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Huang YC, Sen D. A Twisting Electronic Nanoswitch Made of DNA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:14055-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201407729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Ito T, Hamaguchi Y, Tanabe K, Yamada H, Nishimoto SI. Transporting Excess Electrons along Potential Energy Gradients Provided by 2′-Deoxyuridine Derivatives in DNA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201202141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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19
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Ito T, Hamaguchi Y, Tanabe K, Yamada H, Nishimoto SI. Transporting Excess Electrons along Potential Energy Gradients Provided by 2′-Deoxyuridine Derivatives in DNA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:7558-61. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201202141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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