1
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Kamlar M, Urban M, Veselý J. Enantioselective Synthesis of Spiro Heterocyclic Compounds Using a Combination of Organocatalysis and Transition-Metal Catalysis. CHEM REC 2023:e202200284. [PMID: 36703545 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Over the last ten years, the combination of organocatalysis with transition metal (TM) catalysis has become one of the most important toolboxes used for synthesizing optically pure compounds containing chiral quaternary centers, including spiro heterocyclic molecules. The dominant method in the enantioselective synthesis of spiro heterocyclic compounds based on synergistic catalysis includes chiral aminocatalysis and NHC catalysis, as already established covalent organocatalytic strategies. Another area of organocatalysis widely combined with TM catalysis producing enantiomerically enriched spiro heterocyclic compounds is non-covalent catalysis, dominated by chiral phosphoric acids, thiourea, and squaramide derivatives. This review article aims to summarize enantioselective methods used for constructing spirocyclic heterocycles based on a combination of organocatalysis and transition metal catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kamlar
- Charles University Faculty of Science: Univerzita Karlova Prirodovedecka fakulta, Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC
| | - Michal Urban
- Charles University Faculty of Science: Univerzita Karlova Prirodovedecka fakulta, Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC
| | - Jan Veselý
- Charles University Faculty of Science: Univerzita Karlova Prirodovedecka fakulta, Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC
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2
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Wang H, Chi YR, Huang X. Enantioselective Dual Catalysis of N‐Heterocyclic Carbene and Hydrogen‐Bond Donor Organocatalysts. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Wang
- Shenzhen University College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science CHINA
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Nanyang Technological University Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore SINGAPORE
| | - Xuan Huang
- Shenzhen University College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science CHINA
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3
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Sharma D, Chatterjee R, Dhayalan V, Dandela R. Recent Advances in Enantioselective Organocatalytic Reactions Enabled by NHCs Containing Triazolium Motifs. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1856-5688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) containing triazolium motifs have emerged as a powerful tool in organocatalysis. Recently, various NHC pre-catalyst mediated organic transformations have been developed successfully. This article aims to compile the current state of knowledge on NHC-triazolium catalysed enantioselective name reactions and introduce newly developed catalytic methods. Furthermore, this review article framework provides an excellent opportunity to highlight some of the unique applications of these catalytic procedures in the natural product synthesis of biologically active compounds, notably the wide range of preparation of substituted chiral alcohols, and their derivatives. This article provides an overview of chiral NHC triazolium-catalyst libraries synthesis and their catalytic application in enantioselective reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Sharma
- Dept. of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Indian oil Odisha Campus, Bhubaneswar-, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Rana Chatterjee
- Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Indian oil Odisha Campus, Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Rambabu Dandela
- Dept. of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology- IOC Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India
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4
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Li T, Mou C, Qi P, Peng X, Jiang S, Hao G, Xue W, Yang S, Hao L, Chi YR, Jin Z. N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Atroposelective Annulation for Access to Thiazine Derivatives with C−N Axial Chirality. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9362-9367. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Chengli Mou
- School of Pharmacy Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Puying Qi
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Xiaolin Peng
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Shichun Jiang
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Gefei Hao
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Wei Xue
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Song Yang
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Lin Hao
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Zhichao Jin
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
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5
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Li T, Mou C, Qi P, Peng X, Jiang S, Hao G, Xue W, Yang S, Hao L, Chi YR, Jin Z. N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Atroposelective Annulation for Access to Thiazine Derivatives with C−N Axial Chirality. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Chengli Mou
- School of Pharmacy Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Puying Qi
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Xiaolin Peng
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Shichun Jiang
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Gefei Hao
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Wei Xue
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Song Yang
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Lin Hao
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Zhichao Jin
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
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6
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Yang W, Ling B, Hu B, Yin H, Mao J, Walsh PJ. Synergistic N‐Heterocyclic Carbene/Palladium‐Catalyzed Umpolung 1,4‐Addition of Aryl Iodides to Enals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Yang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Bo Ling
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Bowen Hu
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Haolin Yin
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Jianyou Mao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Patrick J. Walsh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
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7
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Yang W, Ling B, Hu B, Yin H, Mao J, Walsh PJ. Synergistic N‐Heterocyclic Carbene/Palladium‐Catalyzed Umpolung 1,4‐Addition of Aryl Iodides to Enals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:161-166. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Yang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Bo Ling
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Bowen Hu
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Haolin Yin
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Jianyou Mao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Patrick J. Walsh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
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8
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Liu D, Hu Z, Zhang Y, Gong M, Fu Z, Huang W. Access to Enantioenriched Spiro-ϵ-Lactam Oxindoles by an N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed [4+3] Annulation of Flexible Oxotryptamines with Enals. Chemistry 2019; 25:11223-11227. [PMID: 31298766 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxotryptamines were firstly used as flexible four-atom synthons in an NHC-catalyzed formal [4+3] annulation, providing a novel enantioselective method to access structurally diverse spiro-ϵ-lactam oxindoles with excellent enantioselectivities. This metal-free reaction features a broad substrate scope, excellent functional-group tolerance and proceeds under mild reaction conditions. Importantly, enantiopure privileged hexahydropyrroloindoles could be easily constructed by a one-pot process from the resulting spiro-ϵ-lactam oxindoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Zhouli Hu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Minghua Gong
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Zhenqian Fu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China.,Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China.,Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
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9
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Wang Z, Pan D, Li T, Jin Z. N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)-Organocatalyzed Kinetic Resolutions, Dynamic Kinetic Resolutions, and Desymmetrizations. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:2149-2163. [PMID: 29900699 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The last couple of decades have witnessed tremendous development within N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organocatalysis. NHCs have been used as powerful organic catalysts in asymmetric synthesis. Although great achievements have been made in asymmetric NHC catalysis, their applications in kinetic resolution (KR), dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR), and desymmetrization processes have been relatively less developed. Moreover, limited activation modes have been involved in these processes. This review provides an overview of the NHC-organocatalyzed KR, DKR, and desymmetrization reactions in the preparation of chiral functional molecules. The aim is to highlight both the importance and elegance of these methods in the construction of challenging chiral compounds and to provide our own perspective on future development in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyao Wang
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Dingwu Pan
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhichao Jin
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
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10
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Satpathi B, Mondal A, Ramasastry SSV. Organocatalytic Strategies for the Synthesis of Cyclopenta-Fused Arenes and Heteroarenes. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:1642-1653. [PMID: 29673100 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cyclopentanoids are omnipresent in natural products and pharmaceutically relevant compounds. Among them, cyclopenta-fused arenes and heteroarenes possess impressive biological properties and play significant role in materials science. Consequently, several notable methods have been developed for their synthesis over the years. In this review, we mainly described metal-free and organocatalytic approaches that led to the construction of pentannulated arenes and heteroarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnupada Satpathi
- Organic Synthesis and Catalysis Lab, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Atanu Mondal
- Organic Synthesis and Catalysis Lab, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - S S V Ramasastry
- Organic Synthesis and Catalysis Lab, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab, 140306, India
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11
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Wang Y, Wei D, Zhang W. Recent Advances on Computational Investigations ofN-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Cycloaddition/Annulation Reactions: Mechanism and Origin of Selectivities. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; 100 Science Avenue Zhengzhou Henan Province 450001 P.R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; 100 Science Avenue Zhengzhou Henan Province 450001 P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; 100 Science Avenue Zhengzhou Henan Province 450001 P.R. China
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12
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Chen XY, Li S, Sheng H, Liu Q, Jafari E, von Essen C, Rissanen K, Enders D. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed [3+2] Cycloaddition of Enals with Masked Cinnamates for the Asymmetric One-Pot Synthesis of Adipic Acid Derivatives. Chemistry 2017; 23:13042-13045. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yu Chen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Sun Li
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - He Sheng
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Qiang Liu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Ehsan Jafari
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Carolina von Essen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center; University of; Jyvaskyla 40014 JYU Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center; University of; Jyvaskyla 40014 JYU Finland
| | - Dieter Enders
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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13
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Latendorf K, Mechler M, Schamne I, Mack D, Frey W, Peters R. Titanium Salen Complexes with Appended Silver NHC Groups as Nucleophilic Carbene Reservoir for Cooperative Asymmetric Lewis Acid/NHC Catalysis. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Latendorf
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Melanie Mechler
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Irina Schamne
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Daniel Mack
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - René Peters
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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Wang MH, Scheidt KA. Cooperative Catalysis and Activation with N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:14912-14922. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael H. Wang
- Department of Chemistry; Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery; Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Silverman Hall; Northwestern University; Evanston IL 60208 (USA)
| | - Karl A. Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry; Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery; Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Silverman Hall; Northwestern University; Evanston IL 60208 (USA)
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H. Wang
- Department of Chemistry; Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery; Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Silverman Hall; Northwestern University; Evanston IL 60208 (USA)
| | - Karl A. Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry; Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery; Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Silverman Hall; Northwestern University; Evanston IL 60208 (USA)
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16
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Zheng J, Zhu K, Yuan Y, Cheng J. N-Heterocyclic Carbene/Potassium Ion Cooperatively Catalyzed Phenylation Reactions of α,β-Unsaturated Acylazoliums. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Zheng
- College of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; 2 Xueyuan Road 350116 Fuzhou P. R. of China
| | - Kejie Zhu
- College of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; 2 Xueyuan Road 350116 Fuzhou P. R. of China
| | - Yaofeng Yuan
- College of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; 2 Xueyuan Road 350116 Fuzhou P. R. of China
| | - Jiajia Cheng
- College of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; 2 Xueyuan Road 350116 Fuzhou P. R. of China
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17
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Xia W, Yao H, Liu D, Zhao L, Zhou Y, Liu H. Enantioselective N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed [3+3] Annulation of α,β-Unsaturated Esters with Methyl Ketoimine. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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18
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Xu J, Chen X, Wang M, Zheng P, Song BA, Chi YR. Aminomethylation of Enals through Carbene and Acid Cooperative Catalysis: Concise Access to β2-Amino Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:5161-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201412132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Xu J, Chen X, Wang M, Zheng P, Song BA, Chi YR. Aminomethylation of Enals through Carbene and Acid Cooperative Catalysis: Concise Access to β2-Amino Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201412132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Schumacher M, Goldfuss B. Quantifying N-heterocyclic carbenes as umpolung catalysts in the benzoin reaction: balance between nucleophilicity and electrophilicity. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00413f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Different types of N-heterocyclic carbenes, i.e. normal, reduced heteroatom stabilized, remote and abnormal carbenes, are computationally assessed (THF-CPCM-B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-31G(d)) in the benzoin reaction to study their characteristics as umpolung catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernd Goldfuss
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cologne
- 50939 Köln
- Germany
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21
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Grossmann A, Bartlett S, Janecek M, Hodgkinson JT, Spring DR. Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of Drug-Like Macrocyclic Scaffolds Using an Orthogonal Organo- and Metal Catalysis Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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22
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Grossmann A, Bartlett S, Janecek M, Hodgkinson JT, Spring DR. Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of Drug-Like Macrocyclic Scaffolds Using an Orthogonal Organo- and Metal Catalysis Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13093-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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23
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Guo C, Schedler M, Daniliuc CG, Glorius F. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Formal [3+2] Annulation Reaction of Enals: An Efficient Enantioselective Access to Spiro-Heterocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:10232-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201405381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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24
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Guo C, Schedler M, Daniliuc CG, Glorius F. Durch N-heterocyclische Carbene katalysierte formale [3+2]-Anellierungen von Enalen: enantioselektiver Zugang zu Spiroheterocyclen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201405381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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Zhao Y, Wang ZT, Cheng Y. N-Heterocyclic Carbene/Brønsted Base Cascade Catalysis: Base-Controlled Selective Synthesis of Multifunctional Benzofuran-3-ones or Flavone Derivatives from the Reaction of 3-(2-Formylphenoxy)propenoates with Imines. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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26
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Lee A, Scheidt KA. A cooperative N-heterocyclic carbene/chiral phosphate catalysis system for allenolate annulations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:7594-8. [PMID: 24895280 PMCID: PMC4142640 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The highly enantioselective NHC-catalyzed [3+2] annulation reaction with α,β-alkynals and α-ketoesters has been developed. A new mode of cooperative catalysis involving the combination of a chiral Brønsted acid and a C1-symmetric biaryl saturated-imidazolium precatalyst was required to generate the desired γ-crotonolactones in high yields and levels of enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lee
- Department of Chemistry Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 (USA)
| | - Karl A. Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 (USA)
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27
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Lee A, Scheidt KA. A Cooperative N-Heterocyclic Carbene/Chiral Phosphate Catalysis System for Allenolate Annulations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Fu Z, Jiang K, Zhu T, Torres J, Chi YR. Access to oxoquinoline heterocycles by N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed ester activation for selective reaction with an enone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:6506-10. [PMID: 24839111 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Organocatalytic ester activation is developed for a highly selective cascade reaction between saturated esters and amino enones. The reaction involves activation of the β-carbon atom of the ester as a key step. This method allows a single-step access to multicyclic oxoquinoline-type heterocycles with high enantiomeric ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqian Fu
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371 (Singapore)
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29
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Fu Z, Jiang K, Zhu T, Torres J, Chi YR. Access to Oxoquinoline Heterocycles by N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Ester Activation for Selective Reaction with an Enone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201402620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqian Fu
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371 (Singapore)
| | - Ke Jiang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371 (Singapore)
| | - Tingshun Zhu
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371 (Singapore)
| | - Jaume Torres
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371 (Singapore)
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371 (Singapore)
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30
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Lombardo VM, Thomas CD, Scheidt KA. A Tandem Isomerization/Prins Strategy: Iridium(III)/Brønsted Acid Cooperative Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201306462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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31
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Lombardo VM, Thomas CD, Scheidt KA. A tandem isomerization/prins strategy: iridium(III)/Brønsted acid cooperative catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:12910-4. [PMID: 24218144 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201306462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Working together: A mild and efficient isomerization/protonation sequence generates pyran-fused indoles by cooperative catalysis between cationic iridium(III) and Bi(OTf)3 . Three distinct cyclization manifolds lead to the corresponding bioactive scaffolds in good yields. In addition, N-substituted indoles can be synthesized enantioselectively in the presence of a chiral phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vince M Lombardo
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Chicago Tri-Institutional Center for Chemical Methods and Library Development (CT-CMLD), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 (USA)
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32
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Reimers T, Haberhauer G, Benkhäuser C, Schmidtchen FP, Lützen A, Lüning U. Enantiopure Chiral Concave N-Heterocyclic Carbene Precursors. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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33
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Chen XY, Xia F, Cheng JT, Ye S. Highly enantioselective γ-amination by N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed [4+2] annulation of oxidized enals and azodicarboxylates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:10644-7. [PMID: 23943127 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201305571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
γ-Amination: The title reaction was developed to give the corresponding dihydropyridazinones in good yields with excellent enantioselectivities (see scheme; Mes=2,4,6-trimethylphenyl). The annulation reaction worked well for γ-aryl, γ-alkyl, or γ-alkenyl oxidized enals. Highly enantiopure tetrahydropyridazinones and γ-amino acid derivatives could be easily prepared by chemical transformations of the resulting dihydropyridazinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yu Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China)
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34
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Chen XY, Xia F, Cheng JT, Ye S. Highly Enantioselective γ-Amination by N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed [4+2] Annulation of Oxidized Enals and Azodicarboxylates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201305571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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35
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Sun LH, Liang ZQ, Jia WQ, Ye S. Enantioselective N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Aza-Benzoin Reaction of Enals with Activated Ketimines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:5803-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201301304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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36
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Sun LH, Liang ZQ, Jia WQ, Ye S. Enantioselective N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Aza-Benzoin Reaction of Enals with Activated Ketimines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201301304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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37
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Zhao J, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, Studer A. Cooperative N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) and Ruthenium Redox Catalysis: Oxidative Esterification of Aldehydes with Air as the Terminal Oxidant. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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38
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Qi J, Xie X, Han R, Ma D, Yang J, She X. N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)-Catalyzed/Lewis Acid Mediated Conjugate Umpolung of Alkynyl Aldehydes for the Synthesis of Butenolides: A Formal [3+2] Annulation. Chemistry 2013; 19:4146-50. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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39
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Kinetic Resolution of Tertiary Alcohols: Highly Enantioselective Access to 3-Hydroxy-3-Substituted Oxindoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201209043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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40
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Lu S, Poh SB, Siau WY, Zhao Y. Kinetic Resolution of Tertiary Alcohols: Highly Enantioselective Access to 3-Hydroxy-3-Substituted Oxindoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:1731-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201209043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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41
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Izquierdo J, Hutson GE, Cohen DT, Scheidt KA. A continuum of progress: applications of N-hetereocyclic carbene catalysis in total synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:11686-98. [PMID: 23074146 PMCID: PMC3756610 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201203704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 464] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed transformations have emerged as powerful tactics for the construction of complex molecules. Since Stetter's report in 1975 of the total synthesis of cis-jasmon and dihydrojasmon by using carbene catalysis, the use of NHCs in total synthesis has grown rapidly, particularly over the last decade. This renaissance is undoubtedly due to the recent developments in NHC-catalyzed reactions, including new benzoin, Stetter, homoenolate, and aroylation processes. These transformations employ typical as well as Umpolung types of bond disconnections and have served as the key step in several new total syntheses. This Minireview highlights these reports and captures the excitement and emerging synthetic utility of carbene catalysis in total synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Izquierdo
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Silverman Hall, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 (USA)
| | - Gerri E. Hutson
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Silverman Hall, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 (USA)
| | - Daniel T. Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Silverman Hall, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 (USA)
| | - Karl A. Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Silverman Hall, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 (USA)
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42
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Wurz NE, Daniliuc CG, Glorius F. Highly enantioselective intermolecular Stetter reaction of simple acrylates: synthesis of α-chiral γ-ketoesters. Chemistry 2012; 18:16297-301. [PMID: 23154931 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Simple Stetter: A novel N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) was designed by combining an electron-rich 2,6-dimethoxy substituent and an underestimated yet promising chiral motif. With this NHC in hand, a highly enantioselective intermolecular Stetter reaction of simple acrylates was developed, yielding versatile α-chiral γ-ketoesters. This represents the first catalytic asymmetric route towards these valuable compounds (see scheme).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie E Wurz
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster (Germany), Fax: (+49) 251-83-33202
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43
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Izquierdo J, Hutson GE, Cohen DT, Scheidt KA. Anwendungen der Katalyse mit N-heterocyclischen Carbenen in Totalsynthesen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201203704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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44
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Zhao YM, Cheung MS, Lin Z, Sun J. Enantioselective Synthesis of β,γ-Unsaturated α-Fluoroesters Catalyzed by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201204521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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45
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Zhao YM, Cheung MS, Lin Z, Sun J. Enantioselective synthesis of β,γ-unsaturated α-fluoroesters catalyzed by N-heterocyclic carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:10359-63. [PMID: 22965929 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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46
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Maji B, Ji L, Wang S, Vedachalam S, Ganguly R, Liu XW. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Homoenolate-Addition Reaction of Enals and Nitroalkenes: Asymmetric Synthesis of 5-Carbon-Synthon δ-Nitroesters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:8276-80. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201203449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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47
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Maji B, Ji L, Wang S, Vedachalam S, Ganguly R, Liu XW. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Homoenolate-Addition Reaction of Enals and Nitroalkenes: Asymmetric Synthesis of 5-Carbon-Synthon δ-Nitroesters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201203449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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48
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Cohen DT, Eichman CC, Phillips EM, Zarefsky ER, Scheidt KA. Catalytic dynamic kinetic resolutions with N-heterocyclic carbenes: asymmetric synthesis of highly substituted β-lactones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:7309-13. [PMID: 22700327 PMCID: PMC3489928 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201203382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
New DKR type: An N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution of racemic α-substituted β-keto esters has been developed. This method relies on the epimerization of an NHC-enol intermediate before subsequent aldol/acylation events. Highly substituted β-lactones are produced in good yield with good to excellent selectivities (see scheme).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T. Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 (USA)
| | - Chad C. Eichman
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 (USA)
| | - Eric M. Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 (USA)
| | - Emily R. Zarefsky
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 (USA)
| | - Karl A. Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 (USA)
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49
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Cohen DT, Eichman CC, Phillips EM, Zarefsky ER, Scheidt KA. Catalytic Dynamic Kinetic Resolutions with N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Asymmetric Synthesis of Highly Substituted β-Lactones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201203382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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50
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Vora HU, Wheeler P, Rovis T. Exploiting Acyl and Enol Azolium Intermediates via NHeterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Reactions of Alpha-Reducible Aldehydes. Adv Synth Catal 2012; 354:1617-1639. [PMID: 23538785 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbenes are well known for their role in catalyzing benzoin and Stetter reactions: the generation of acyl anion equivalents from simple aldehydes to react with a variety of electrophiles. However, when an aldehyde bearing a leaving group or unsaturation adjacent to the acyl anion equivalent is subjected to an NHC, a new avenue of reactivity is unlocked, leading to a number of novel transformations which can generate highly complex products from simple starting materials, many of which are assembled through unconventional bond disconnections. The field of these new reactions - those utilizing α-reducible aldehydes to access previously unexplored catalytic intermediates - has expanded rapidly in the past eight years. This review aims to provide the reader with a historical perspective on the underlying discoveries that led to the current state of the art, a mechanistic description of these reactions, and a summary of the recent advances in this area.
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