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Menche D. Design and Synthesis of Simplified Polyketide Analogs: New Modalities beyond the Rule of 5. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2068-2074. [PMID: 33755304 PMCID: PMC8360190 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Natural products provide important lead structures for development of pharmaceutical agents or present attractive tools for medicinal chemistry. However, structurally complex and thus less accessible metabolites defying conventional drug-like properties, as expressed by Pfizer's rule of five, have received less attention as medicinal leads. Traditionally, research focus has been on realizing total syntheses rather than developing more readily available analogs to resolve the critical supply issue. However, very recent studies with complex myxobacterial polyketides have demonstrated that considerable structural simplification may be realized with retention of biological potencies. The context, underlying rationale and importance of tailored synthetic strategies of three such case studies are presented, which may inspire further related activities and may eventually help exploiting the largely untapped biological potential of complex metabolites in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Menche
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieUniversität BonnGerhard-Domagk-Strasse 153121BonnGermany
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2
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Kumar Manda SL, Tripathi S, Ghoshal A, Ambule MD, Srivastava AK, Panda G. A Comparative Synthetic Strategy Perspective on α-Amino Acid- and Non-Amino Acid-Derived Synthons towards Total Syntheses of Selected Natural Macrolides. Chemistry 2020; 26:5131-5156. [PMID: 31846112 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Macrocyclic alkaloids (macrolides) and cyclopeptides have an immense range of applications in drug discovery research because of their natural abundance and potential biological and physicochemical properties. Presently, more than 100 approved drugs or clinical drug candidates contain macrocyclic scaffolds as the biologically active component. This review provides an interesting perspective about the use of amino acid-derived chiral pools versus other methods derived from miscellaneous synthons towards the total synthesis of non-peptidic macrolides. The synthetic routes and the key strategies involved in the total syntheses of ten natural macrolides have been discussed. Both the amino acid-derived and non-amino acid-derived synthetic routes have been illustrated to present a comparative study between the two approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Lavanya Kumar Manda
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, India.,Chemical Sciences Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Shashank Tripathi
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, India.,Chemical Sciences Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Anirban Ghoshal
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, India.,Chemical Sciences Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Mayur D Ambule
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, India.,Chemical Sciences Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Srivastava
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, India.,Chemical Sciences Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Gautam Panda
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, India.,Chemical Sciences Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110025, India
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Herkommer D, Dreisigacker S, Sergeev G, Sasse F, Gohlke H, Menche D. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Simplified Side Chain Hybrids of the Potent Actin Binding Polyketides Rhizopodin and Bistramide. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:470-89. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Nicolaou KC, Shi L, Lu M, Pattanayak MR, Shah AA, Ioannidou HA, Lamani M. Total synthesis of myceliothermophins C, D, and E. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:10970-4. [PMID: 25163463 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of cytotoxic polyketides myceliothermophins E (1), C (2), and D (3) through a cascade-based cyclization to form the trans-fused decalin system is described. The convergent synthesis delivered all three natural products through late-stage divergence and facilitated unambiguous C21 structural assignments for 2 and 3 through X-ray crystallographic analysis, which revealed an interesting dimeric structure between its enantiomeric forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005 (USA).
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Nicolaou KC, Shi L, Lu M, Pattanayak MR, Shah AA, Ioannidou HA, Lamani M. Total Synthesis of Myceliothermophins C, D, and E. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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6
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Linstadt RTH, Peterson CA, Lippincott DJ, Jette CI, Lipshutz BH. Stereoselective Silylcupration of Conjugated Alkynes in Water at Room Temperature. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201311035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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7
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Linstadt RTH, Peterson CA, Lippincott DJ, Jette CI, Lipshutz BH. Stereoselective Silylcupration of Conjugated Alkynes in Water at Room Temperature. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:4159-63. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201311035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kretschmer M, Dieckmann M, Li P, Rudolph S, Herkommer D, Troendlin J, Menche D. Modular Total Synthesis of Rhizopodin: A Highly Potent G-Actin Dimerizing Macrolide. Chemistry 2013; 19:15993-6018. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Song L, Liu J, Gui H, Hui C, Zhou J, Guo Y, Zhang P, Xu Z, Ye T. Synthesis of the Macrocyclic Core of Rhizopodin. Chem Asian J 2013; 8:2955-9. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201300802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Dalby SM, Goodwin-Tindall J, Paterson I. Total Synthesis of (−)-Rhizopodin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:6517-21. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201301978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Dieckmann M, Kretschmer M, Li P, Rudolph S, Herkommer D, Menche D. Total Synthesis of Rhizopodin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201201946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Dieckmann M, Kretschmer M, Li P, Rudolph S, Herkommer D, Menche D. Total Synthesis of Rhizopodin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:5667-70. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201201946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Alcaide B, Almendros P, Alonso JM, Quirós MT, Gadziński P. Gold- or Palladium-Catalyzed Allene Carbocyclization/Functionalization: Simple and Efficient Synthesis of Carbazoles. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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