1
|
Huang HY, Benzai A, Shi X, Doucet H. Effective Tools for the Metal-Catalyzed Regiodivergent Direct Arylations of (Hetero)arenes. CHEM REC 2020; 21:343-356. [PMID: 33332755 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The direct functionalization of two different C-H bonds of the same organic molecule using different procedures - also called regiodivergent C-H bond functionalization - currently represents an important research topic in organic chemistry, as it demonstrates the versatility of C-H bond functionalization methodology. Over the last decade, the number of tools to control such regiodivergent C-H bond functionalizations has increased significantly. In this account, we will present the various tools that allowed us to arylate different positions of various (hetero)arenes, via a C-H bond functionalization, using palladium or ruthenium catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yun Huang
- CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Amal Benzai
- CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Xinzhe Shi
- CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Henri Doucet
- CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, F-35000, Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu L, Qiao JX, Ewing WR, Yeung K, Yu J. β
‐Selective C−H Arylation of Electron‐Deficient Thiophenes, Pyrroles, and Furans. Isr J Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201900134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luo‐Yan Liu
- Department of ChemistryThe Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Jennifer X. Qiao
- Discovery ChemistryBristol-Myers Squibb, PO Box 4000, Princeton New Jersey 08543 United States
| | - William R. Ewing
- Discovery ChemistryBristol-Myers Squibb, PO Box 4000, Princeton New Jersey 08543 United States
| | - Kap‐Sun Yeung
- Discovery ChemistryBristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development 100 Binney Street Cambridge MA 02142
| | - Jin‐Quan Yu
- Department of ChemistryThe Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hudwekar AD, Verma PK, Kour J, Balgotra S, Sawant SD. Transition Metal-Free Oxidative Coupling of Primary Amines in Polyethylene Glycol at Room Temperature: Synthesis of Imines, Azobenzenes, Benzothiazoles, and Disulfides. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhinandan D. Hudwekar
- Medicinal Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Canal Road -180001 Jammu India
- Anusandhan Bhawan; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); 2 Rafi Marg 110001 New Delhi India
| | - Praveen K. Verma
- Medicinal Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Canal Road -180001 Jammu India
| | - Jaspreet Kour
- Medicinal Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Canal Road -180001 Jammu India
- Anusandhan Bhawan; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); 2 Rafi Marg 110001 New Delhi India
| | - Shilpi Balgotra
- Medicinal Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Canal Road -180001 Jammu India
- Anusandhan Bhawan; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); 2 Rafi Marg 110001 New Delhi India
| | - Sanghapal D. Sawant
- Medicinal Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Canal Road -180001 Jammu India
- Anusandhan Bhawan; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); 2 Rafi Marg 110001 New Delhi India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kitamura Y, Murata Y, Oguri A, Matsumura M, Kakusawa N, Naka H, Yasuike S. Pd‐Catalyzed β‐Selective C−H Arylation of Thiophenes with Triarylantimony Difluorides. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kitamura
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesAichi Gakuin University 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8650 Japan
| | - Yuki Murata
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesAichi Gakuin University 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8650 Japan
| | - Ayaka Oguri
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesAichi Gakuin University 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8650 Japan
| | - Mio Matsumura
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesAichi Gakuin University 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8650 Japan
| | - Naoki Kakusawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesHokuriku University Ho-3 Kanagawa-machi Kanazawa 920-1181 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Naka
- Research Center for Materials ScienceNagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Shuji Yasuike
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesAichi Gakuin University 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8650 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xu Z, Oniwa K, Kikuchi H, Bao M, Yamamoto Y, Jin T, Terada M. Pd-Catalyzed Consecutive C−H-Arylation-Triggered Cyclotrimerization: Synthesis of Star-Shaped Benzotristhiazoles and Benzotrisoxazoles. Chemistry 2018; 24:9041-9050. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanqiang Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; 6-3 Azaaoba Aramaki Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Kazuaki Oniwa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; 6-3 Azaaoba Aramaki Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Hiromasa Kikuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; 6-3 Azaaoba Aramaki Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Ming Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and School of Chemistry; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116023 China
| | - Yoshinori Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; 6-3 Azaaoba Aramaki Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and School of Chemistry; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116023 China
| | - Tienan Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; 6-3 Azaaoba Aramaki Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and School of Chemistry; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116023 China
- Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules; Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; 6-3 Azaaoba Aramaki Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Masahiro Terada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; 6-3 Azaaoba Aramaki Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tan G, You Q, Lan J, You J. Iridium‐Catalyzed Annulation Reactions of Thiophenes with Carboxylic Acids: Direct Evidence for a Heck‐type Pathway. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangying Tan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Qiulin You
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Jingbo Lan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Jingsong You
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tan G, You Q, Lan J, You J. Iridium-Catalyzed Annulation Reactions of Thiophenes with Carboxylic Acids: Direct Evidence for a Heck-type Pathway. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6309-6313. [PMID: 29633486 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The functionalization of thiophenes is a fundamental and important reaction. Herein, we disclose iridium-catalyzed one-pot annulation reactions of (benzo)thiophenes with (hetero)aromatic or α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids, which afford thiophene-fused coumarin-type frameworks. Dearomatization reactions of 2-substituted thiophenes with α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids deliver various thiophene-containing spirocyclic products. The occurrence of two interconnected reactions provides direct evidence for a Heck-type pathway. The mechanistic scenario described herein is distinctly different from the SE Ar and concerted metalation-protodemetalation (CMD) pathways encountered in the well-described oxidative C-H/C-H cross-coupling reactions of thiophenes with other heteroarenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangying Tan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Qiulin You
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jingbo Lan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jingsong You
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li B, Seth K, Niu B, Pan L, Yang H, Ge H. Transient-Ligand-Enabledortho-Arylation of Five-Membered Heterocycles: Facile Access to Mechanochromic Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201713357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bijin Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis; Indianapolis IN 46202 USA
| | - Kapileswar Seth
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis; Indianapolis IN 46202 USA
| | - Ben Niu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis; Indianapolis IN 46202 USA
| | - Lei Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis; Indianapolis IN 46202 USA
| | - Huiwen Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis; Indianapolis IN 46202 USA
| | - Haibo Ge
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis; Indianapolis IN 46202 USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li B, Seth K, Niu B, Pan L, Yang H, Ge H. Transient‐Ligand‐Enabled
ortho
‐Arylation of Five‐Membered Heterocycles: Facile Access to Mechanochromic Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:3401-3405. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201713357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bijin Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis Indianapolis IN 46202 USA
| | - Kapileswar Seth
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis Indianapolis IN 46202 USA
| | - Ben Niu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis Indianapolis IN 46202 USA
| | - Lei Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis Indianapolis IN 46202 USA
| | - Huiwen Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis Indianapolis IN 46202 USA
| | - Haibo Ge
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis Indianapolis IN 46202 USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang Y, Yang Y, Jie K, Huang L, Guo S, Cai H. Copper-Catalyzed C2 and C3 Phosphonation of Benzofuran and Benzothiophene with Trialkyl Phosphites. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry; Nanchang University; Nanchang 330031 P.R. China
| | - Yajie Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College; Nanchang University; Nanchang 330031 P.R. China
| | - Kun Jie
- Department of Chemistry; Nanchang University; Nanchang 330031 P.R. China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Chemistry; Nanchang University; Nanchang 330031 P.R. China
| | - Shengmei Guo
- Department of Chemistry; Nanchang University; Nanchang 330031 P.R. China
| | - Hu Cai
- Department of Chemistry; Nanchang University; Nanchang 330031 P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lima DB, Penteado F, Vieira MM, Alves D, Perin G, Santi C, Lenardão EJ. α-Keto Acids as Acylating Agents in the Synthesis of 2-Substituted Benzothiazoles and Benzoselenazoles. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David B. Lima
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica - Limpa LASOL; Federal University of Pelotas - UFPel; P. O. Box 354 96010-900 Pelotas - RS Brazil
| | - Filipe Penteado
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica - Limpa LASOL; Federal University of Pelotas - UFPel; P. O. Box 354 96010-900 Pelotas - RS Brazil
| | - Marcelo M. Vieira
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica - Limpa LASOL; Federal University of Pelotas - UFPel; P. O. Box 354 96010-900 Pelotas - RS Brazil
| | - Diego Alves
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica - Limpa LASOL; Federal University of Pelotas - UFPel; P. O. Box 354 96010-900 Pelotas - RS Brazil
| | - Gelson Perin
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica - Limpa LASOL; Federal University of Pelotas - UFPel; P. O. Box 354 96010-900 Pelotas - RS Brazil
| | - Claudio Santi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Perugia; Via del Liceo 1 06100 Perugia (PG) Italy
| | - Eder J. Lenardão
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica - Limpa LASOL; Federal University of Pelotas - UFPel; P. O. Box 354 96010-900 Pelotas - RS Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Skhiri A, Salem RB, Soulé JF, Doucet H. Unprecedented Access to β-Arylated Selenophenes through Palladium-Catalysed Direct Arylation. Chemistry 2017; 23:2788-2791. [PMID: 28093829 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Several reported methods allow access to α-arylated selenophenes, whereas the synthesis of β-arylated selenophenes remains very challenging. Here, the Pd-catalysed coupling of benzenesulfonyl chlorides with selenophenes affording regiospecific β-arylated selenophenes is reported. The reaction proceeds with easily accessible catalyst, base and substrates, and tolerates a variety of substituents both on the benzene and selenophene moieties. This transformation allows the programmed synthesis of polyarylated selenophenes with potential applications in pharmaceutical and materials chemistry, as the installation of aryl groups at the desired positions can be achieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aymen Skhiri
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-, Université de Rennes 1, "Organométalliques: Matériaux et Catalyse", Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes, France.,Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Physique (UR 11ES74), Université de Sfax, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Route de la Soukra km 4, 3038, SFax, Tunisia
| | - Ridha Ben Salem
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Physique (UR 11ES74), Université de Sfax, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Route de la Soukra km 4, 3038, SFax, Tunisia
| | - Jean-François Soulé
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-, Université de Rennes 1, "Organométalliques: Matériaux et Catalyse", Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Henri Doucet
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-, Université de Rennes 1, "Organométalliques: Matériaux et Catalyse", Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yang P, Wang R, Wu H, Du Z, Fu Y. Pd-Catalyzed C−H Arylation of Benzothiazoles with Diaryliodonium Salt: One-Pot Synthesis of 2-Arylbenzothiazoles. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201600514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University; Lanzhou 730070 P. R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University; Lanzhou 730070 P. R. China
| | - Hui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University; Lanzhou 730070 P. R. China
| | - Zhengyin Du
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University; Lanzhou 730070 P. R. China
| | - Ying Fu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University; Lanzhou 730070 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Maki Y, Goto T, Tsukada N. Selective β-Arylation of Thiophenes with Aryl Iodides Catalyzed by Dinuclear Palladium Carboxylate Complexes. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201501132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Maki
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Shizuoka University; Suruga-ku Ohya 836 Shizuoka 422-8529 Japan
| | - Takahiro Goto
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Shizuoka University; Suruga-ku Ohya 836 Shizuoka 422-8529 Japan
| | - Naofumi Tsukada
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Shizuoka University; Suruga-ku Ohya 836 Shizuoka 422-8529 Japan
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology; Shizuoka University; Suruga-ku Ohya 836 Shizuoka 422-8529 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rossi R, Lessi M, Manzini C, Marianetti G, Bellina F. Transition Metal-Free Direct CH (Hetero)arylation of Heteroarenes: A Sustainable Methodology to Access (Hetero)aryl-Substituted Heteroarenes. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
16
|
Schnapperelle I, Breitenlechner S, Bach T. Kinetic Studies on the Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Oxidative Cross-Coupling of Thiophenes with Arylboron Compounds and Their Mechanistic Implications. Chemistry 2015; 21:18407-16. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
17
|
Oshima T, Yamanaka I, Kumar A, Yamaguchi J, Nishiwaki-Ohkawa T, Muto K, Kawamura R, Hirota T, Yagita K, Irle S, Kay SA, Yoshimura T, Itami K. CH Activation Generates Period-Shortening Molecules That Target Cryptochrome in the Mammalian Circadian Clock. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
18
|
CH Activation Generates Period-Shortening Molecules That Target Cryptochrome in the Mammalian Circadian Clock. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7193-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
19
|
Sollert C, Devaraj K, Orthaber A, Gates PJ, Pilarski LT. Ru-catalysed C-H arylation of indoles and pyrroles with boronic acids: scope and mechanistic studies. Chemistry 2015; 21:5380-6. [PMID: 25689052 PMCID: PMC4600241 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The Ru-catalysed C2–H arylation of indoles and pyrroles by using boronic acids under oxidative conditions is reported. This reaction can be applied to tryptophan derivatives and tolerates a wide range of functional groups on both coupling partners, including bromides and iodides, which can be further derivatised selectively. New indole-based ruthenacyclic complexes are described and investigated as possible intermediates in the reaction. Mechanistic studies suggest the on-cycle intermediates do not possess a para-cymene ligand and that the on-cycle metalation occurs through an electrophilic attack by the Ru centre.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carina Sollert
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, 75-123 Uppsala (Sweden), Fax: (+46) 18-471-38-18
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Corro M, Besora M, Maya C, Álvarez E, Urbano J, Fructos MR, Maseras F, Pérez PJ. Catalytic Copper-Mediated Ring Opening and Functionalization of Benzoxazoles. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs5012519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Corro
- Laboratorio
de Catálisis Homogénea, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, CIQSO-Centro
de Investigación en Química Sostenible and Departamento
de Química y Ciencia de los Materiales, Campus de El Carmen
s/n, Universidad de Huelva, Avenida de las Fuerzas Armadas, 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - Maria Besora
- Institute of Chemical
Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avinguda
Paı̈sos Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Celia Maya
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Sevilla, Aptdo 1203, 41071 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eleuterio Álvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones
Químicas, Centro de Investigaciones Isla de la Cartuja, Avda Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Urbano
- Laboratorio
de Catálisis Homogénea, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, CIQSO-Centro
de Investigación en Química Sostenible and Departamento
de Química y Ciencia de los Materiales, Campus de El Carmen
s/n, Universidad de Huelva, Avenida de las Fuerzas Armadas, 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - Manuel R. Fructos
- Laboratorio
de Catálisis Homogénea, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, CIQSO-Centro
de Investigación en Química Sostenible and Departamento
de Química y Ciencia de los Materiales, Campus de El Carmen
s/n, Universidad de Huelva, Avenida de las Fuerzas Armadas, 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - Feliu Maseras
- Institute of Chemical
Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avinguda
Paı̈sos Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
- Departament
de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Pedro J. Pérez
- Laboratorio
de Catálisis Homogénea, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, CIQSO-Centro
de Investigación en Química Sostenible and Departamento
de Química y Ciencia de los Materiales, Campus de El Carmen
s/n, Universidad de Huelva, Avenida de las Fuerzas Armadas, 21007 Huelva, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Segawa Y, Maekawa T, Itami K. Synthese von Materialien mit erweitertem π‐System durch C‐H‐Aktivierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasutomo Segawa
- JST‐ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464‐8602 (Japan) http://synth.chem.nagoya‐u.ac.jp
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464‐8602 (Japan)
| | - Takehisa Maekawa
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464‐8602 (Japan)
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- JST‐ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464‐8602 (Japan) http://synth.chem.nagoya‐u.ac.jp
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464‐8602 (Japan)
- Institute of Transformative Bio‐Molecules (WPI‐ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464‐8602 (Japan)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Segawa Y, Maekawa T, Itami K. Synthesis of Extended π‐Systems through C–H Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:66-81. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 528] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasutomo Segawa
- JST, ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464‐8602 (Japan) http://synth.chem.nagoya‐u.ac.jp
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464‐8602 (Japan)
| | - Takehisa Maekawa
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464‐8602 (Japan)
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- JST, ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464‐8602 (Japan) http://synth.chem.nagoya‐u.ac.jp
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464‐8602 (Japan)
- Institute of Transformative Bio‐Molecules (WPI‐ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464‐8602 (Japan)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Djakovitch L, Felpin FX. Direct C sp2H and C sp3H Arylation Enabled by Heterogeneous Palladium Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201402288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
24
|
Feng Q, Song Q. Chemoselective Copper-Catalyzed Acylation of Benzothiazoles with Aryl Methyl Ketones. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
25
|
Collins KD, Rühling A, Lied F, Glorius F. Rapid assessment of protecting-group stability by using a robustness screen. Chemistry 2014; 20:3800-5. [PMID: 24550131 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An experimentally simple method has been developed to rapidly establish the stability of widely utilized silyl, acetal, and carbamate protecting groups to a given set of reaction conditions. Assessment of up to twelve protecting groups in a single experiment has been demonstrated. Evaluation of this protocol in two unrelated synthetic transformations suggests that this method can be used to select appropriate protecting groups in the design of synthetic routes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karl D Collins
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster (Germany).
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Jiang TS, Wang GW. Synthesis of 2-Acylthiophenes by Palladium-Catalyzed Addition of Thiophenes to Nitriles. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
27
|
Tang DTD, Collins KD, Ernst JB, Glorius F. Pd/C als Katalysator für die vollständig regioselektive und milde C-H-Funktionalisierung von Thiophenen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201309305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
28
|
Tang DTD, Collins KD, Ernst JB, Glorius F. Pd/C as a catalyst for completely regioselective C-H functionalization of thiophenes under mild conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:1809-13. [PMID: 24505001 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201309305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The completely C3-selective arylation of thiophenes and benzo[b]thiophenes was achieved by using Pd/C as a heterogeneous catalyst without ligands or additives under mild reaction conditions. The practicability of this transformation is demonstrated by notable functional group tolerance and the insensitivity of the reaction to H2 O and air. This method is also applicable to nitrogen- and oxygen-containing heterocycles, yielding the corresponding C2-arylated products. Three-phase tests along with Hg-poisoning and hot-filtration tests suggest that the catalytically active species is heterogeneous in nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Tam D Tang
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster (Germany) http://www.uni-muenster.de/Chemie.oc/glorius/index.html
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Uehara TN, Yamaguchi J, Itami K. Palladium-Catalyzed CH and CN Arylation of Aminothiazoles with Arylboronic Acids. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201300172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
30
|
Yuan K, Doucet H. Access to Alternative Regioisomers for Palladium-Catalysed Direct Arylations of (Benzo)thiophenes. ChemCatChem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201300533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
31
|
Meng L, Kamada Y, Muto K, Yamaguchi J, Itami K. CH Alkenylation of Azoles with Enols and Esters by Nickel Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201304492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
32
|
Meng L, Kamada Y, Muto K, Yamaguchi J, Itami K. C-H alkenylation of azoles with enols and esters by nickel catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:10048-51. [PMID: 23868790 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201304492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Rather u(Ni)que: Two new C-H alkenylation reactions, that is C-H/C-O alkenylation and decarbonylative C-H alkenylation, of azoles are uniquely catalyzed by Ni/dcype. These azole alkenylation reactions are successfully applied to the convergent formal synthesis of siphonazole B.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingkui Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602 (Japan); College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072 (P.R. China)
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Schnapperelle I, Bach T. C4-Selective Oxidative Coupling of Thiophenes with Arylboron Compounds: Influence of Solvent Acidity and Boron Substitution. ChemCatChem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201300167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
34
|
Shibahara F, Murai T. Direct CH Arylation of Heteroarenes Catalyzed by Palladium/ Nitrogen-Based Ligand Complexes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201300018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
35
|
Koch E, Studer A. Regioselective Threefold Aromatic Substitution of Benzoic Acid Derivatives by Dearomatization, Regioselective Functionalization, and Rearomatization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:4933-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201300259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
36
|
Koch E, Studer A. Regioselektive dreifache aromatische Substitution von Benzoesäurederivaten durch Dearomatisierung, regioselektive Funktionalisierung und Rearomatisierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201300259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
37
|
Jie X, Shang Y, Hu P, Su W. Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Cross-Coupling between Heterocycles and Terminal Alkynes with Low Catalyst Loading. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:3630-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201210013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
38
|
Jie X, Shang Y, Hu P, Su W. Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Cross-Coupling between Heterocycles and Terminal Alkynes with Low Catalyst Loading. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201210013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
39
|
Shang Y, Jie X, Zhou J, Hu P, Huang S, Su W. Pd-catalyzed C-H olefination of (hetero)arenes by using saturated ketones as an olefin source. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 52:1299-303. [PMID: 23225575 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201208627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangqiao west road 155#, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Shang Y, Jie X, Zhou J, Hu P, Huang S, Su W. Pd-Catalyzed C-H Olefination of (Hetero)Arenes by Using Saturated Ketones as an Olefin Source. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201208627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
41
|
|
42
|
Meyer C, Schepmann D, Yanagisawa S, Yamaguchi J, Itami K, Wünsch B. Late-Stage C-H Bond Arylation of Spirocyclic σ1Ligands for Analysis of Complementary σ1Receptor Surface. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
43
|
Funktionalisierung von C-H-Bindungen: neue Synthesemethoden für Naturstoffe und Pharmazeutika. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201201666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 756] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
44
|
Yamaguchi J, Yamaguchi AD, Itami K. CH Bond Functionalization: Emerging Synthetic Tools for Natural Products and Pharmaceuticals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:8960-9009. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201201666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2423] [Impact Index Per Article: 201.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
45
|
Oxidative Heck-Arylierung zur stereoselektiven Synthese von tetrasubstituierten Olefinen mit Nitroxiden als Oxidationsmittel. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201108211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
46
|
He Z, Kirchberg S, Fröhlich R, Studer A. Oxidative Heck Arylation for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Olefins Using Nitroxides as Oxidants. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:3699-702. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201108211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
47
|
Steinmetz M, Ueda K, Grimme S, Yamaguchi J, Kirchberg S, Itami K, Studer A. Mechanistic Studies on the Pd-catalyzed Direct CH Arylation of 2-Substituted Thiophene Derivatives with Arylpalladium Bipyridyl Complexes. Chem Asian J 2012; 7:1256-60. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201101011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
48
|
Liu B, Guo Q, Cheng Y, Lan J, You J. Palladium-Catalyzed Desulfitative CH Arylation of Heteroarenes with Sodium Sulfinates. Chemistry 2011; 17:13415-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
49
|
Murarka S, Studer A. Transition Metal-Free TEMPO-Catalyzed Oxidative Cross- Coupling of Nitrones with Alkynyl-Grignard Reagents. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
50
|
Yamamoto T, Muto K, Komiyama M, Canivet J, Yamaguchi J, Itami K. Nickel-catalyzed C-H arylation of azoles with haloarenes: scope, mechanism, and applications to the synthesis of bioactive molecules. Chemistry 2011; 17:10113-22. [PMID: 21744407 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Novel nickel-based catalytic systems for the C-H arylation of azoles with haloarenes and aryl triflates have been developed. We have established that Ni(OAc)(2)/bipy/LiOtBu serves as a general catalytic system for the coupling with aryl bromides and iodides as aryl electrophiles. For couplings with more challenging electrophiles, such as aryl chlorides and triflates, the Ni(OAc)(2)/dppf (dppf = 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene) system was found to be effective. Thiazoles, benzothiazoles, oxazoles, benzoxazoles, and benzimidazoles can be used as the heteroarene coupling partner. Upon further investigation, we discovered a new protocol for the present coupling using Mg(OtBu)(2) as a milder and less expensive alternative to LiOtBu. Attempts to reveal the mechanism of this nickel-catalyzed heterobiaryl coupling are also described. This newly developed methodology has been successfully applied to the syntheses of febuxostat (a xanthine oxidase inhibitor that is effective for the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia), tafamidis (effective for the treatment of TTR amyloid polyneuropathy), and texaline (a natural product having antitubercular activity).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|