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Xie M, Hua Y, Hong D, Wan S, Tian Y. Physical insights into protection effect of conjugated polymers by natural antioxidants. RSC Adv 2021; 11:1614-1622. [PMID: 35424094 PMCID: PMC8693752 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09657a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated polymers (CPs) known as organic semiconductors have been broadly applied in photovoltaic and light emitting devices due to their easy fabrication and flexibility. However, one of the bottlenecks limiting the application of CPs is their poor photostability upon continuous excitation which is one of the crucial parameters of CPs. How to improve the photostability of CPs is always one of the key questions in this field. In this work, we found that the photostability of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) molecules can be largely improved by addition of vitamin E (VE) in bulk solution, solid films and single molecules. In solution and films, VE can not only significantly retard the photodegradation of P3HT but also enhance the fluorescence intensity. For individual P3HT molecules, with increasing VE concentrations, the on-time duration increases and the off-time duration becomes shorter. VE as natural antioxidants can not only donate electrons to the long-lived charged species but also quench the triplet states of CPs via energy transfer accelerating the depopulation process back to the ground state. The short duration time of the charged species and the triplet states provides higher fluorescence intensity. Furthermore, VE can also directly react with singlet oxygen or other reactive oxygen species (ROS) preventing them from reacting with CPs. These results not only provide an efficient strategy for improving the photostability of conjugated polymers in solution and films, but also shed light on better understanding the photophysics of conjugated polymers at single-molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcai Xie
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Yan Hua
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Daocheng Hong
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Sushu Wan
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Yuxi Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University Nanjing China
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2
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Yang J, Park H, Kaufman LJ. In Situ Optical Imaging of the Growth of Conjugated Polymer Aggregates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaesung Yang
- Department of Chemistry Columbia University 3000 Broadway New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Heungman Park
- Department of Chemistry Columbia University 3000 Broadway New York NY 10027 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy Texas A&M University—Commerce Commerce TX 75429 USA
| | - Laura J. Kaufman
- Department of Chemistry Columbia University 3000 Broadway New York NY 10027 USA
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3
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Yang J, Park H, Kaufman LJ. In Situ Optical Imaging of the Growth of Conjugated Polymer Aggregates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1826-1830. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaesung Yang
- Department of Chemistry Columbia University 3000 Broadway New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Heungman Park
- Department of Chemistry Columbia University 3000 Broadway New York NY 10027 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy Texas A&M University—Commerce Commerce TX 75429 USA
| | - Laura J. Kaufman
- Department of Chemistry Columbia University 3000 Broadway New York NY 10027 USA
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4
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Shanker A, Li C, Kim GH, Gidley D, Pipe KP, Kim J. High thermal conductivity in electrostatically engineered amorphous polymers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1700342. [PMID: 28782022 PMCID: PMC5533546 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1700342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
High thermal conductivity is critical for many applications of polymers (for example, packaging of light-emitting diodes), in which heat must be dissipated efficiently to maintain the functionality and reliability of a system. Whereas uniaxially extended chain morphology has been shown to significantly enhance thermal conductivity in individual polymer chains and fibers, bulk polymers with coiled and entangled chains have low thermal conductivities (0.1 to 0.4 W m-1 K-1). We demonstrate that systematic ionization of a weak anionic polyelectrolyte, polyacrylic acid (PAA), resulting in extended and stiffened polymer chains with superior packing, can significantly enhance its thermal conductivity. Cross-plane thermal conductivity in spin-cast amorphous films steadily grows with PAA degree of ionization, reaching up to ~1.2 W m-1 K-1, which is on par with that of glass and about six times higher than that of most amorphous polymers, suggesting a new unexplored molecular engineering strategy to achieve high thermal conductivities in amorphous bulk polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorv Shanker
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109–2800, USA
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109–2125, USA
| | - Gun-Ho Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109–2125, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109–2117, USA
| | - David Gidley
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109–1040, USA
| | - Kevin P. Pipe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109–2125, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109–2122, USA
- Corresponding author. (K.P.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Jinsang Kim
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109–2800, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109–2117, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109–1055, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109–2136, USA
- Corresponding author. (K.P.P.); (J.K.)
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5
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Wu B, Zhang C, Fan H, Wang H, Jiang J, Wang L, Xu Q, Lu J. The Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Maintenance of the Intermediate Electrical Conductivity State of a Ternary-Polyamide-Based Memory Device. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201600571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Huiru Fan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Jun Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Lihua Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Qingfeng Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Jianmei Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
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Wilhelm P, Vogelsang J, Poluektov G, Schönfelder N, Keller TJ, Jester S, Höger S, Lupton JM. Molecular Polygons Probe the Role of Intramolecular Strain in the Photophysics of π‐Conjugated Chromophores. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Wilhelm
- Institut für Angewandte und Experimentelle Physik Universität Regensburg Universitätsstrasse 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Jan Vogelsang
- Institut für Angewandte und Experimentelle Physik Universität Regensburg Universitätsstrasse 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Georgiy Poluektov
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Nina Schönfelder
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Tristan J. Keller
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Stefan‐Sven Jester
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Sigurd Höger
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - John M. Lupton
- Institut für Angewandte und Experimentelle Physik Universität Regensburg Universitätsstrasse 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
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Wilhelm P, Vogelsang J, Poluektov G, Schönfelder N, Keller TJ, Jester S, Höger S, Lupton JM. Molecular Polygons Probe the Role of Intramolecular Strain in the Photophysics of π‐Conjugated Chromophores. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:1234-1238. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Wilhelm
- Institut für Angewandte und Experimentelle Physik Universität Regensburg Universitätsstrasse 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Jan Vogelsang
- Institut für Angewandte und Experimentelle Physik Universität Regensburg Universitätsstrasse 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Georgiy Poluektov
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Nina Schönfelder
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Tristan J. Keller
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Stefan‐Sven Jester
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Sigurd Höger
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - John M. Lupton
- Institut für Angewandte und Experimentelle Physik Universität Regensburg Universitätsstrasse 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
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Chen Y, Zhan C, Yao J. Understanding Solvent Manipulation of Morphology in Bulk-Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:2620-2632. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science; CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry; Institution of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Chuanlang Zhan
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science; CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry; Institution of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science; CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry; Institution of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
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Jeon I, Delacou C, Nakagawa T, Matsuo Y. Enhancement of Open-Circuit Voltage by Using the 58-π Silylmethyl Fullerenes in Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:1268-72. [PMID: 26840629 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201501400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The application of 58-π-1,4-bis(silylmethyl)[60]fullerenes, C60 (CH2 SiMe2 Ph)(CH2 SiMe2 Ar) (Ar=Ph and 2-methoxylphenyl for SIMEF-1 and SIMEF-2, respectively), in small-molecule organic solar cells with a diketopyrrolopyrrole donor (3,6-bis[5-(benzofuran-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl]-2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyl)pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione (DPP(TBFu)2 )) is demonstrated. With the 58-π-silylmethyl fullerene acceptor, SIMEF-1, the devices showed the highest efficiency of 4.57 % with an average of 4.10 %. They manifested an improved open-circuit voltage (1.03 V) owing to the high-lying LUMO level of SIMEF-1, while maintaining a high short-circuit density (9.91 mA cm(-2) ) through controlling the crystallinity of DPP by thermal treatment. On the other hand, despite even higher open-circuit voltage (1.05 V), SIMEF-2-based devices showed lower performances of 3.53 %, owing to a low short-circuit current density (8.33 mA cm(-2) ) and fill factor (0.40) arising from the asymmetric structure, which results in a lower mobility and immiscibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Clément Delacou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takafumi Nakagawa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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10
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Influence of Molecular Conformations and Microstructure on the Optoelectronic Properties of Conjugated Polymers. MATERIALS 2014; 7:2273-2300. [PMID: 28788568 PMCID: PMC5453253 DOI: 10.3390/ma7032273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
It is increasingly obvious that the molecular conformations and the long-range arrangement that conjugated polymers can adopt under various experimental conditions in bulk, solutions or thin films, significantly impact their resulting optoelectronic properties. As a consequence, the functionalities and efficiencies of resulting organic devices, such as field-effect transistors, light-emitting diodes, or photovoltaic cells, also dramatically change due to the close structure/property relationship. A range of structure/optoelectronic properties relationships have been investigated over the last few years using various experimental and theoretical methods, and, further, interesting correlations are continuously revealed by the scientific community. In this review, we discuss the latest findings related to the structure/optoelectronic properties interrelationships that exist in organic devices fabricated with conjugated polymers in terms of charge mobility, absorption, photoluminescence, as well as photovoltaic properties.
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11
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Qian Q, Wang J, Yan F, Wang Y. A Photo-annealing Approach for Building Functional Polymer Layers on Paper. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201310714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Qian Q, Wang J, Yan F, Wang Y. A Photo-annealing Approach for Building Functional Polymer Layers on Paper. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:4465-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201310714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Hu Z, Adachi T, Lee YG, Haws RT, Hanson B, Ono RJ, Bielawski CW, Ganesan V, Rossky PJ, Vanden Bout DA. Effect of the side-chain-distribution density on the single-conjugated-polymer-chain conformation. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:4143-8. [PMID: 24243782 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The spatial arrangement of the side chains of conjugated polymer backbones has critical effects on the morphology and electronic and photophysical properties of the corresponding bulk films. The effect of the side-chain-distribution density on the conformation at the isolated single-polymer-chain level was investigated with regiorandom (rra-) poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and poly(3-hexyl-2,5-thienylene vinylene) (P3HTV). Although pure P3HTV films are known to have low fluorescence quantum efficiencies, we observed a considerable increase in fluorescence intensity by dispersing P3HTV in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), which enabled a single-molecule spectroscopy investigation. With single-molecule fluorescence excitation polarization spectroscopy, we found that rra-P3HTV single molecules form highly ordered conformations. In contrast, rra-P3HT single molecules, display a wide variety of different conformations from isotropic to highly ordered, were observed. The experimental results are supported by extensive molecular dynamics simulations, which reveal that the reduced side-chain-distribution density, that is, the spaced-out side-chain substitution pattern, in rra-P3HTV favors more ordered conformations compared to rra-P3HT. Our results demonstrate that the distribution of side chains strongly affects the polymer-chain conformation, even at the single-molecule level, an aspect that has important implications when interpreting the macroscopic interchain packing structure exhibited by bulk polymer films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjian Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5300, Austin TX, 78712 (USA)
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Feist FA, Basché T. Faltung einzelner konjugierter Polymerketten während des Annealing-Prozesses. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201100793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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