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Lindl F, Lamprecht A, Arrowsmith M, Khitro E, Rempel A, Dietz M, Wellnitz T, Bélanger-Chabot G, Stoy A, Paprocki V, Prieschl D, Lenczyk C, Ramler J, Lichtenberg C, Braunschweig H. Aromatic 1,2-Azaborinin-1-yls as Electron-Withdrawing Anionic Nitrogen Ligands for Main Group Elements. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203345. [PMID: 36412126 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The 2-aryl-3,4,5,6-tetraphenyl-1,2-azaborinines 1-EMe3 and 2-EMe3 (E=Si, Sn; aryl=Ph (1), Mes (=2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, 2)) were synthesized by ring-expansion of borole precursors with N3 EMe3 -derived nitrenes. Desilylative hydrolysis of 1- and 2-SiMe3 yielded the corresponding N-protonated azaborinines, which were deprotonated with nBuLi or MN(SiMe3 )2 (M=Na, K) to the corresponding group 1 salts, 1-M and 2-M. While the lithium salts crystallized as monomeric Lewis base adducts, the potassium salts formed coordination polymers or oligomers via intramolecular K⋅⋅⋅aryl π interactions. The reaction of 1-M or 2-M with CO2 yielded N-carboxylate salts, which were derivatized by salt metathesis to methyl and silyl esters. Salt metathesis of 1-M or 2-M with methyl triflate, [Cp*BeCl] (Cp*=C5 Me5 ), BBr2 Ar (Ar=Ph, Mes, 2-thienyl), ECl3 (E=B, Al, Ga) and PX3 (X=Cl, Br) afforded the respective group 2, 13 and 15 1,2-azaborinin-2-yl complexes. Salt metathesis of 1-K with BBr3 resulted not only in N-borylation but also Ph-Br exchange between the endocyclic and exocyclic boron atoms. Solution 11 B NMR data suggest that the 1,2-azaborinin-2-yl ligand is similarly electron-withdrawing to a bromide. In the solid state the endocyclic bond length alternation and the twisting of the C4 BN ring increase with the sterics of the substituents at the boron and nitrogen atoms, respectively. Regression analyses revealed that the downfield shift of the endocyclic 11 B NMR resonances is linearly correlated to both the degree of twisting of the C4 BN ring and the tilt angle of the N-substituent. Calculations indicate that the 1,2-azaborinin-1-yl ligand has no sizeable π-donor ability and that the aromaticity of the ring can be subtly tuned by the electronics of the N-substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Lindl
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Lamprecht
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Merle Arrowsmith
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eugen Khitro
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Rempel
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Dietz
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tim Wellnitz
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Stoy
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Valerie Paprocki
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Prieschl
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Lenczyk
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Ramler
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Chemistry Department - FB 15, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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2
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Morita T, Murakami H, Asawa Y, Nakamura H. Enantioselective Synthesis of Oxazaborolidines by Palladium‐Catalyzed N−H/B−H Double Activation of 1,2‐Azaborines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Morita
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
- School of Life Science and Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Hiroki Murakami
- School of Life Science and Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Yasunobu Asawa
- School of Life Science and Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
- School of Life Science and Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
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3
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Morita T, Murakami H, Asawa Y, Nakamura H. Enantioselective Synthesis of Oxazaborolidines by Palladium-Catalyzed N-H/B-H Double Activation of 1,2-Azaborines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113558. [PMID: 34913232 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed N-H/B-H double activation of 1,2-dihydro-1,2-benzazaborines proceeded via cycloaddition with vinyl ethylene carbonate to produce polycyclic oxazaborolidines in 31-96 % yield. The key step in this process is the release of molecular hydrogen from a borate intermediate. Using a SPINOL-derived phosphoramidite as a chiral ligand, chiral oxazaborolidines were synthesized in good to high yields with excellent enantioselectivity (up to 95 % ee). The vinyl group of the resulting oxazaborolidine underwent metathesis, Heck reaction, and Wacker oxidation without affecting the oxazaborolidine framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Morita
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.,School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroki Murakami
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Asawa
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.,School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
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4
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Yourdkhani S, Chojecki M, Korona T. Interaction of Non-polarizable Cations with Azaborine Isomers and Their Mono-Substituted Derivatives: Position, Induction, and Non-Classical Effects Matter. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:3092-3106. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sirous Yourdkhani
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics; Faculty of Mathematics and Physics; Charles University; Ke Karlovu 3, CZ- 12116 Prague 2 Czech Republic
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Warsaw; ul. Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Michał Chojecki
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Warsaw; ul. Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Tatiana Korona
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Warsaw; ul. Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
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5
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Su B, Li Y, Ganguly R, Kinjo R. Ring Expansion, Photoisomerization, and Retrocyclization of 1,4,2-Diazaboroles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:14572-14576. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bochao Su
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Yongxin Li
- NTU-CBC Crystallography Facility; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- NTU-CBC Crystallography Facility; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
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6
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Su B, Li Y, Ganguly R, Kinjo R. Ring Expansion, Photoisomerization, and Retrocyclization of 1,4,2-Diazaboroles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201708720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bochao Su
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Yongxin Li
- NTU-CBC Crystallography Facility; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- NTU-CBC Crystallography Facility; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
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7
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Motika SE, Wang Q, Akhmedov NG, Wojtas L, Shi X. Regioselective Amine–Borane Cyclization: Towards the Synthesis of 1,2‐BN‐3‐Cyclohexene by Copper‐Assisted Triazole/Gold Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E. Motika
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Qiaoyi Wang
- Department of Chemistry West Virginia University Morgantown WV 26505 USA
| | - Novruz G. Akhmedov
- Department of Chemistry West Virginia University Morgantown WV 26505 USA
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
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8
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Motika SE, Wang Q, Akhmedov NG, Wojtas L, Shi X. Regioselective Amine–Borane Cyclization: Towards the Synthesis of 1,2‐BN‐3‐Cyclohexene by Copper‐Assisted Triazole/Gold Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:11582-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E. Motika
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Qiaoyi Wang
- Department of Chemistry West Virginia University Morgantown WV 26505 USA
| | - Novruz G. Akhmedov
- Department of Chemistry West Virginia University Morgantown WV 26505 USA
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
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9
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Srivastava AK, Pandey SK, Misra N. Stability versus aromaticity in mono-hydroxylated borazine, 1,2-azaborine and 1,3,2,4-diazadiborine. Mol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2016.1145749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Neeraj Misra
- Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
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10
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Burford RJ, Li B, Vasiliu M, Dixon DA, Liu SY. Diels-Alder Reactions of 1,2-Azaborines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7823-7. [PMID: 26062125 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Diels-Alder reactions employing 1,2-azaborine heterocycles as 1,3-dienes are reported. Carbocyclic compounds with high stereochemical and functional complexity are produced, as exemplified by the straightforward two-step synthesis of an amino allyl boronic ester bearing four contiguous stereocenters as a single diastereomer. Whereas electron-deficient dienophiles undergo irreversible Diels-Alder reactions, a reversible Diels-Alder reaction with the less electron-deficient methyl acrylate is observed. Both the N and the B substituent of the 1,2-azaborine exert significant influence on the [4+2] cycloaddition reactivity as well as the aromatic character of the heterocycle. The experimentally determined thermodynamic parameters of the reversible Diels-Alder reaction between 1,2-azaborines and methyl acrylate correlate with aromaticity trends and place 1,2-azaborines approximately between furan and thiophene on the aromaticity scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Burford
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 (USA)
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 (USA)
| | - Monica Vasiliu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AB 35487 (USA)
| | - David A Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AB 35487 (USA)
| | - Shih-Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 (USA).
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11
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Burford RJ, Li B, Vasiliu M, Dixon DA, Liu SY. Diels-Alder Reactions of 1,2-Azaborines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201503483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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Müller M, Maichle-Mössmer C, Bettinger HF. BN-Phenanthryne: Cyclotetramerization of an 1,2-Azaborine Derivative. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9380-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Müller M, Maichle-Mössmer C, Bettinger HF. BN-Phenanthrin: Cyclotetramerisierung eines 1,2-Azaborinderivats. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Xu S, Haeffner F, Li B, Zakharov LN, Liu SY. Monobenzofused 1,4-Azaborines: Synthesis, Characterization, and Discovery of a Unique Coordination Mode. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Xu S, Haeffner F, Li B, Zakharov LN, Liu SY. Monobenzofused 1,4-azaborines: synthesis, characterization, and discovery of a unique coordination mode. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:6795-9. [PMID: 24838444 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We report the first general synthesis of boron-substituted monobenzofused 1,4-azaborines using ring-closing metathesis of an enamine-containing diene as a key synthetic strategy. As part of our investigations, we discovered that the B-C3 moiety in a 1,4-azaborine can serve uniquely as a η(2)-L-type ligand. This functionality is exemplified by two κ(2)-N-η(2)-BC Pt complexes of a boron-pyridyl-substituted monobenzofused-1,4-azaborine. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of the Pt complexes shows a strong structural contribution from the iminium resonance form of the monobenzofused-1,4-azaborine ligand. We also demonstrate that a palladium(0) complex supported by a 1,4-azaborine-based phosphine ligand can catalyze hydroboration of 1-buten-3-yne with unique selectivity. In view of the importance of arene-metal π-interactions in catalytic applications, this work should open new opportunities for ligand design involving the 1,4-azaborine motif as an arene substitute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senmiao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 (USA)
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16
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Braunschweig H, Geetharani K, Jimenez-Halla JOC, Schäfer M. Direkte Synthese von funktionalisierten 1,2-Azaborininen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201309707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Braunschweig H, Geetharani K, Jimenez-Halla JOC, Schäfer M. Direct Synthetic Route to Functionalized 1,2-Azaborinines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:3500-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201309707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Rudebusch GE, Zakharov LN, Liu S. Rhodium‐Catalyzed Boron Arylation of 1,2‐Azaborines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201304443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel E. Rudebusch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403‐1253 (USA)
| | - Lev N. Zakharov
- Center for Advanced Materials Characterization in Oregon, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403‐1253 (USA)
| | - Shih‐Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403‐1253 (USA)
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Rudebusch GE, Zakharov LN, Liu SY. Rhodium-catalyzed boron arylation of 1,2-azaborines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:9316-9. [PMID: 23832871 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201304443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel E Rudebusch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1253, USA
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20
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Xu S, Mikulas TC, Zakharov LN, Dixon DA, Liu SY. Boron-substituted 1,3-dihydro-1,3-azaborines: synthesis, structure, and evaluation of aromaticity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:7527-31. [PMID: 23749749 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Getting the family together: A general synthetic strategy based on nucleophilic substitution provided B-substituted 1,3-dihydro-1,3-azaborines (see scheme), BN isosteres of arenes with potential for application in biomedicine and materials science. Experimental structural analysis and calculations suggest that the aromaticity of the 1,3-dihydro-1,3-azaborine heterocycle is intermediate between that of benzene and that of 1,2-dihydro-1,2-azaborine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senmiao Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, USA
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21
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Xu S, Mikulas TC, Zakharov LN, Dixon DA, Liu SY. Boron-Substituted 1,3-Dihydro-1,3-azaborines: Synthesis, Structure, and Evaluation of Aromaticity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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22
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Su MD. Mechanistic Investigations on the Photoisomerization Reactions of 1,2-Dihydro-1,2-Azaborine. Chemistry 2013; 19:9663-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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23
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Knack DH, Marshall JL, Harlow GP, Dudzik A, Szaleniec M, Liu SY, Heider J. BN/CC isosteric compounds as enzyme inhibitors: N- and B-ethyl-1,2-azaborine inhibit ethylbenzene hydroxylation as nonconvertible substrate analogues. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:2599-601. [PMID: 23355270 PMCID: PMC3748812 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201208351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Good substrate gone bad! BN/CC isosterism of ethylbenzene leads to N-ethyl-1,2-azaborine and B-ethyl-1,2-azaborine. In contrast to ethylbenzene, which is the substrate for ethylbenzene dehydrogenase (EbDH), N-ethyl-1,2-azaborine (see scheme; Fc=Ferricenium tetrafluoroborate) and B-ethyl-1,2-azaborine are strong inhibitors of EbDH. Thus, the changes provided by BN/CC isosterism can lead to new biochemical reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H. Knack
- Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry, Philipps University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg (Germany)
| | | | - Gregory P. Harlow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403-1253 (USA)
| | - Agnieszka Dudzik
- Jerzy Haber Institute for Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Kraków (Poland)
| | - Maciej Szaleniec
- Jerzy Haber Institute for Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Kraków (Poland)
| | - Shih-Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403-1253 (USA)
| | - Johann Heider
- Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry, Philipps University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg (Germany)
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Knack DH, Marshall JL, Harlow GP, Dudzik A, Szaleniec M, Liu SY, Heider J. BN/CC-isosterische Verbindungen als Enzyminhibitoren: Hemmung der Hydroxylierung von Ethylbenzol durchN- undB-Ethyl-1,2-azaborin als nichtkonvertierbare Substratanaloga. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201208351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Brough SA, Lamm AN, Liu SY, Bettinger HF. Photoisomerization of 1,2-dihydro-1,2-azaborine: a matrix isolation study. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:10880-3. [PMID: 23023601 PMCID: PMC3517036 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201203546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Brough
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ashley N. Lamm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1253, USA,
| | - Shih-Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1253, USA,
| | - Holger F. Bettinger
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Brough SA, Lamm AN, Liu SY, Bettinger HF. Photoisomerisierung von 1,2-Dihydro-1,2-azaborin - eine Matrixisolationsstudie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201203546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Biswas S, Müller M, Tönshoff C, Eichele K, Maichle-Mössmer C, Ruff A, Speiser B, Bettinger HF. The Overcrowded Borazine Derivative of Hexabenzotriphenylene Obtained through Dehydrohalogenation. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Campbell PG, Marwitz AJV, Liu SY. Recent advances in azaborine chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:6074-92. [PMID: 22644658 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201200063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 563] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry of organoboron compounds has been primarily dominated by their use as powerful reagents in synthetic organic chemistry. Recently, the incorporation of boron as part of a functional target structure has emerged as a useful way to generate diversity in organic compounds. A commonly applied strategy is the replacement of a CC unit with its isoelectronic BN unit. In particular, the BN/CC isosterism of the ubiquitous arene motif has undergone a renaissance in the past decade. The parent molecule of the 1,2-dihydro-1,2-azaborine family has now been isolated. New mono- and polycyclic B,N heterocycles have been synthesized for potential use in biomedical and materials science applications. This review is a tribute to Dewar's first synthesis of a monocyclic 1,2-dihydro-1,2-azaborine 50 years ago and discusses recent advances in the synthesis and characterization of heterocycles that contain carbon, boron, and nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1253, USA
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