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Zhang J, Chen Q, Mayer RJ, Yang J, Ofial AR, Cheng J, Mayr H. Predicting Absolute Rate Constants for Huisgen Reactions of Unsaturated Iminium Ions with Diazoalkanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12527-12533. [PMID: 32259362 PMCID: PMC7383640 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics and stereochemistry of the reactions of iminium ions derived from cinnamaldehydes and MacMillan's imidazolidinones with diphenyldiazomethane and aryldiazomethanes were investigated experimentally and with DFT calculations. The reactions of diphenyldiazomethane with iminium ions derived from MacMillan's second-generation catalysts gave 3-aryl-2,2-diphenylcyclopropanecarbaldehydes with yields >90 % and enantiomeric ratios of ≥90:10. Predominantly 2:1 products were obtained from the corresponding reactions with monoaryldiazomethanes. The measured rate constants are in good agreement with the rate constants derived from the one-center nucleophilicity parameters N and sN of diazomethanes and the one-center electrophilicity parameters E of iminium ions as well as with quantum chemically calculated activation energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS)Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
| | - Quan Chen
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstr. 5–1381377MünchenGermany
| | - Robert J. Mayer
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstr. 5–1381377MünchenGermany
| | - Jin‐Dong Yang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS)Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
| | - Armin R. Ofial
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstr. 5–1381377MünchenGermany
| | - Jin‐Pei Cheng
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS)Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic ChemistryCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Herbert Mayr
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstr. 5–1381377MünchenGermany
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Zhang J, Chen Q, Mayer RJ, Yang J, Ofial AR, Cheng J, Mayr H. Voraussage absoluter Geschwindigkeitskonstanten von Huisgen‐ Reaktionen ungesättigter Iminium‐Ionen mit Diazoalkanen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 VR China
| | - Quan Chen
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstr. 5–13 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Robert J. Mayer
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstr. 5–13 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Jin‐Dong Yang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 VR China
| | - Armin R. Ofial
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstr. 5–13 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Jin‐Pei Cheng
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 VR China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 VR China
| | - Herbert Mayr
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstr. 5–13 81377 München Deutschland
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Goti G, Bieszczad B, Vega‐Peñaloza A, Melchiorre P. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of 1,4-Dicarbonyl Compounds by Photochemical Organocatalytic Acyl Radical Addition to Enals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:1213-1217. [PMID: 30419156 PMCID: PMC6468318 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We report a visible-light-mediated organocatalytic strategy for the enantioselective acyl radical conjugate addition to enals, leading to valuable 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds. The process capitalizes upon the excited-state reactivity of 4-acyl-1,4-dihydropyridines that, upon visible-light absorption, can trigger the generation of acyl radicals. By means of a chiral amine catalyst, iminium ion activation of enals ensures a stereoselective radical trap. We also demonstrate how the combination of this acylation process with a second catalyst-controlled bond-forming event allows to selectively access the full matrix of all possible stereoisomers of the resulting 2,3-substituted 1,4-dicarbonyl products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Goti
- ICIQ – Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyAvenida Països Catalans 1643007TarragonaSpain
| | - Bartosz Bieszczad
- ICIQ – Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyAvenida Països Catalans 1643007TarragonaSpain
| | - Alberto Vega‐Peñaloza
- ICIQ – Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyAvenida Països Catalans 1643007TarragonaSpain
| | - Paolo Melchiorre
- ICREA – Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced StudiesPasseig Lluís Companys 2308010BarcelonaSpain
- IIT – Italian Institute of TechnologyLaboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Photochemistryvia Morego 3016163GenoaItaly
- ICIQ – Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyAvenida Països Catalans 1643007TarragonaSpain
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Goti G, Bieszczad B, Vega‐Peñaloza A, Melchiorre P. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of 1,4‐Dicarbonyl Compounds by Photochemical Organocatalytic Acyl Radical Addition to Enals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Goti
- ICIQ – Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Avenida Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Bartosz Bieszczad
- ICIQ – Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Avenida Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Alberto Vega‐Peñaloza
- ICIQ – Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Avenida Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Paolo Melchiorre
- ICREA – Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies Passeig Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
- IIT – Italian Institute of TechnologyLaboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Photochemistry via Morego 30 16163 Genoa Italy
- ICIQ – Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Avenida Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
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An F, Paul S, Ammer J, Ofial AR, Mayer P, Lakhdar S, Mayr H. Structures and Reactivities of Iminium Ions Derived from Substituted Cinnamaldehydes and Various Chiral Imidazolidin-4-ones. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201402009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Grošelj U, Podlipnik Č, Bezenšek J, Svete J, Stanovnik B, Seebach D. Reversal of the Stereochemical Course of 1-Methyl-1H-indole Addition to Cinnamaldehyde withcis-5-Benzyl-(2-fluoromethyl)-2,3-dimethylimidazolidin-4-ones as Catalysts - a Puzzling ‘Fluorine Effect’. Helv Chim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201300332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Holland MC, Paul S, Schweizer WB, Bergander K, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, Lakhdar S, Mayr H, Gilmour R. Nichtbindende Wechselwirkungen in der Organokatalyse: Modulierung konformativer Diversität und Reaktivität im MacMillan-Katalysator. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201301864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Holland MC, Paul S, Schweizer WB, Bergander K, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, Lakhdar S, Mayr H, Gilmour R. Noncovalent Interactions in Organocatalysis: Modulating Conformational Diversity and Reactivity in the MacMillan Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:7967-71. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201301864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Ammer J, Mayr H. Photogeneration of carbocations: applications in physical organic chemistry and the design of suitable precursors. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Ammer
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (Haus F) 81377 München Germany
| | - Herbert Mayr
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (Haus F) 81377 München Germany
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Nigst TA, Ammer J, Mayr H. Photogeneration of benzhydryl cations by near-UV laser flash photolysis of pyridinium salts. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:8494-9. [PMID: 22849534 DOI: 10.1021/jp3049247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Laser flash irradiation of substituted N-benzhydryl pyridinium salts yields benzhydryl cations (diarylcarbenium ions) and/or benzhydryl radicals (diarylmethyl radicals). The use of 3,4,5-triamino-substituted pyridines as photoleaving groups allowed us to employ the third harmonic of a Nd/YAG laser (355 nm) for the photogeneration of benzhydryl cations. In this way, benzhydryl cations can also be photogenerated in the presence of aromatic compounds and in solvents which are opaque at the wavelength of the quadrupled Nd/YAG laser (266 nm). To demonstrate the scope and limitations of this method, the rate constants for the bimolecular reactions of benzhydryl cations with several substituted pyridines were determined in acetonitrile and with water in acetone. The obtained data agree with results obtained by stopped-flow UV-vis spectroscopic measurements. The rate constants for the reaction of the 4,4'-bis[methyl(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)amino]benzhydrylium ion with 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine were also determined in dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, and acetone. From the second-order rate constants, we derived the nucleophilicity parameters N and s(N) for the substituted pyridines, as defined by the linear free energy relationship, log k(2) = s(N)(N + E).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A Nigst
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13 (Haus F), 81377 München, Germany
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Ammer J, Nolte C, Mayr H. Free Energy Relationships for Reactions of Substituted Benzhydrylium Ions: From Enthalpy over Entropy to Diffusion Control. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:13902-11. [DOI: 10.1021/ja306522b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Ammer
- Department
Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (Haus F), 81377
München, Germany
| | - Christoph Nolte
- Department
Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (Haus F), 81377
München, Germany
| | - Herbert Mayr
- Department
Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (Haus F), 81377
München, Germany
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12
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Ammer J, Sailer CF, Riedle E, Mayr H. Photolytic Generation of Benzhydryl Cations and Radicals from Quaternary Phosphonium Salts: How Highly Reactive Carbocations Survive Their First Nanoseconds. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:11481-94. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3017522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Ammer
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (Haus F), 81377
München, Germany
| | - Christian F. Sailer
- Lehrstuhl für BioMolekulare
Optik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oettingenstrasse 67, 80538 München, Germany
| | - Eberhard Riedle
- Lehrstuhl für BioMolekulare
Optik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oettingenstrasse 67, 80538 München, Germany
| | - Herbert Mayr
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (Haus F), 81377
München, Germany
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Suárez-Pantiga S, Hernández-Díaz C, Piedrafita M, Rubio E, González JM. Phosphite-Gold(I)-Catalyzed [2+2] Intermolecular Cycloaddition of Enol Ethers with N-Allenylsulfonamides. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Maji B, Lakhdar S, Mayr H. Nucleophilicity Parameters of Enamides and Their Implications for Organocatalytic Transformations. Chemistry 2012; 18:5732-40. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Asahara H, Mayr H. Electrophilicities of bissulfonyl ethylenes. Chem Asian J 2012; 7:1401-7. [PMID: 22454302 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201101046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Kinetics of the reactions of bissulfonyl ethylenes with various carbanions, a sulfur ylide, and siloxyalkenes have been investigated photometrically at 20 °C. The second-order rate constants have been combined with the known nucleophile- specific parameters N and s(N) for the nucleophiles to calculate the empirical electrophilicity parameters E of bissulfonyl ethylenes according to the linear free energy relationship log k(20 °C)=s(N)(N+E). Structure-reactivity relationships are discussed, and it is shown that the electrophilicity parameters E derived in this work can be employed to define the synthetic potential of bissulfonyl ethylenes as Michael acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruyasu Asahara
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
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Lakhdar S, Baidya M, Mayr H. Kinetics and mechanism of organocatalytic aza-Michael additions: direct observation of enamine intermediates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:4504-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc31224g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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