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Xu H, Fan H, Luan Y, Yan S, Martin L, Miao R, Pauly F, Meyhofer E, Reddy P, Linke H, Wärnmark K. Electrical Conductance and Thermopower of β-Substituted Porphyrin Molecular Junctions─Synthesis and Transport. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23541-23555. [PMID: 37874166 PMCID: PMC10623571 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Molecular junctions offer significant potential for enhancing thermoelectric power generation. Quantum interference effects and associated sharp features in electron transmission are expected to enable the tuning and enhancement of thermoelectric properties in molecular junctions. To systematically explore the effect of quantum interferences, we designed and synthesized two new classes of porphyrins, P1 and P2, with two methylthio anchoring groups in the 2,13- and 2,12-positions, respectively, and their Zn complexes, Zn-P1 and Zn-P2. Past theory suggests that P1 and Zn-P1 feature destructive quantum interference in single-molecule junctions with gold electrodes and may thus show high thermopower, while P2 and Zn-P2 do not. Our detailed experimental single-molecule break-junction studies of conductance and thermopower, the latter being the first ever performed on porphyrin molecular junctions, revealed that the electrical conductance of the P1 and Zn-P1 junctions is relatively close, and the same holds for P2 and Zn-P2, while there is a 6 times reduction in the electrical conductance between P1 and P2 type junctions. Further, we observed that the thermopower of P1 junctions is slightly larger than for P2 junctions, while Zn-P1 junctions show the largest thermopower and Zn-P2 junctions show the lowest. We relate the experimental results to quantum transport theory using first-principles approaches. While the conductance of P1 and Zn-P1 junctions is robustly predicted to be larger than those of P2 and Zn-P2, computed thermopowers depend sensitively on the level of theory and the single-molecule junction geometry. However, the predicted large difference in conductance and thermopower values between Zn-P1 and Zn-P2 derivatives, suggested in previous model calculations, is not supported by our experimental and theoretical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailiang Xu
- NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- Department
of Chemistry, Centre of Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Box 121, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Hao Fan
- Department
of Chemistry, Centre of Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Box 121, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Yuxuan Luan
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Shen Yan
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - León Martin
- Institute
of Physics and Centre for Advanced Analytics and Predictive Sciences, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Ruijiao Miao
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Fabian Pauly
- Institute
of Physics and Centre for Advanced Analytics and Predictive Sciences, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Edgar Meyhofer
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Pramod Reddy
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Heiner Linke
- NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- Solid State
Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Wärnmark
- NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- Department
of Chemistry, Centre of Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Box 121, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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Yao X, Vonesch M, Combes M, Weiss J, Sun X, Lacroix JC. Single-Molecule Junctions with Highly Improved Stability. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:6540-6548. [PMID: 34286999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule junctions (SMJs) have been fabricated using layers generated by diazonium electroreduction. This process creates a C-Au covalent bond between the molecule and the electrode. Rigid oligomers of variable length, based on porphyrin derivatives in their free base or cobalt complex forms, have been grafted on the surface. The conductance of the oligomers has been studied by a scanning tunneling microscopy break junction (STM-bj) technique and G(t) measurements, and the lifetime of the SMJs has been investigated. The conductance histograms indicate that charge transport in the porphyrins is relatively efficient and influenced by the presence of the cobalt center. With both systems, random telegraph G(t) signals are easily recorded, showing SMJ on/off states. The SMJs then stabilize and exhibit a surprisingly long lifetime around 10 s, and attenuation plots, obtained by both G(t) and STM-bj measurements, give identical values. This work shows that highly stable SMJs can be prepared using a diazonium grafting approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Yao
- ITODYS, CNRS-UMR 7086, Université de Paris, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Maxime Vonesch
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Maïwenn Combes
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean Weiss
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Xiaonan Sun
- ITODYS, CNRS-UMR 7086, Université de Paris, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Lacroix
- ITODYS, CNRS-UMR 7086, Université de Paris, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
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Aragonès AC, Martín‐Rodríguez A, Aravena D, Puigmartí‐Luis J, Amabilino DB, Aliaga‐Alcalde N, González‐Campo A, Ruiz E, Díez‐Pérez I. Tuning Single-Molecule Conductance in Metalloporphyrin-Based Wires via Supramolecular Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:19193-19201. [PMID: 33448538 PMCID: PMC7590179 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nature has developed supramolecular constructs to deliver outstanding charge-transport capabilities using metalloporphyrin-based supramolecular arrays. Herein we incorporate simple, naturally inspired supramolecular interactions via the axial complexation of metalloporphyrins into the formation of a single-molecule wire in a nanoscale gap. Small structural changes in the axial coordinating linkers result in dramatic changes in the transport properties of the metalloporphyrin-based wire. The increased flexibility of a pyridine-4-yl-methanethiol ligand due to an extra methyl group, as compared to a more rigid 4-pyridinethiol linker, allows the pyridine-4-yl-methanethiol ligand to adopt an unexpected highly conductive stacked structure between the two junction electrodes and the metalloporphyrin ring. DFT calculations reveal a molecular junction structure composed of a shifted stack of the two pyridinic linkers and the metalloporphyrin ring. In contrast, the more rigid 4-mercaptopyridine ligand presents a more classical lifted octahedral coordination of the metalloporphyrin metal center, leading to a longer electron pathway of lower conductance. This works opens to supramolecular electronics, a concept already exploited in natural organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert C. Aragonès
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of Natural & Mathematical SciencesKing's College LondonBritannia House, 7 Trinity StreetLondonSE1 1DBUK
- Current address: Molecular Spectroscopy DepartmentMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Alejandro Martín‐Rodríguez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i OrgànicaDiagonal 64508028BarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Química Teòrica i ComputacionalUniversitat de BarcelonaDiagonal 64508028BarcelonaSpain
| | - Daniel Aravena
- Departamento de Química de los MaterialesFacultad de Química y BiologíaUniversidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH)Casilla 40, Correo 33SantiagoChile
| | - Josep Puigmartí‐Luis
- Institute of Chemical and BioengineeringETH ZurichVladimir Prelog Weg 18093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - David B. Amabilino
- The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable ChemistryThe University of NottinghamTriumph RoadNottinghamNG7 2TUUK
| | - Núria Aliaga‐Alcalde
- ICMAB-CSIC (Institut de Ciència dels Materials de Barcelona)Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona08193BellaterraSpain
- ICREA (Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats)Passeig Lluis Companys 2308010BarcelonaSpain
| | - Arántzazu González‐Campo
- ICMAB-CSIC (Institut de Ciència dels Materials de Barcelona)Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona08193BellaterraSpain
| | - Eliseo Ruiz
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i OrgànicaDiagonal 64508028BarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Química Teòrica i ComputacionalUniversitat de BarcelonaDiagonal 64508028BarcelonaSpain
| | - Ismael Díez‐Pérez
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of Natural & Mathematical SciencesKing's College LondonBritannia House, 7 Trinity StreetLondonSE1 1DBUK
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Aragonès AC, Martín‐Rodríguez A, Aravena D, Puigmartí‐Luis J, Amabilino DB, Aliaga‐Alcalde N, González‐Campo A, Ruiz E, Díez‐Pérez I. Tuning Single‐Molecule Conductance in Metalloporphyrin‐Based Wires via Supramolecular Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert C. Aragonès
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Natural & Mathematical Sciences King's College London Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street London SE1 1DB UK
- Current address: Molecular Spectroscopy Department Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Alejandro Martín‐Rodríguez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica Diagonal 645 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional Universitat de Barcelona Diagonal 645 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Daniel Aravena
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales Facultad de Química y Biología Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH) Casilla 40, Correo 33 Santiago Chile
| | - Josep Puigmartí‐Luis
- Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering ETH Zurich Vladimir Prelog Weg 1 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - David B. Amabilino
- The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry The University of Nottingham Triumph Road Nottingham NG7 2TU UK
| | - Núria Aliaga‐Alcalde
- ICMAB-CSIC (Institut de Ciència dels Materials de Barcelona) Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 Bellaterra Spain
- ICREA (Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats) Passeig Lluis Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
| | - Arántzazu González‐Campo
- ICMAB-CSIC (Institut de Ciència dels Materials de Barcelona) Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Eliseo Ruiz
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica Diagonal 645 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional Universitat de Barcelona Diagonal 645 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Ismael Díez‐Pérez
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Natural & Mathematical Sciences King's College London Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street London SE1 1DB UK
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5
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Martin MM, Lungerich D, Haines P, Hampel F, Jux N. Electronic Communication across Porphyrin Hexabenzocoronene Isomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8932-8937. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Max M. Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Organic Chemistry IIFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Dominik Lungerich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Organic Chemistry IIFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Department of Chemistry & Molecular Technology Innovation Presidential Endowed ChairThe University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Philipp Haines
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyPhysical Chemistry IFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Organic Chemistry IIFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Organic Chemistry IIFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
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6
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Martin MM, Lungerich D, Haines P, Hampel F, Jux N. Elektronische Kommunikation von Porphyrin‐Hexabenzocoronen‐Isomeren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Max M. Martin
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Organische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Dominik Lungerich
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Organische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
- Department of Chemistry & Molecular Technology Innovation Presidential Endowed ChairThe University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Philipp Haines
- Department Chemie und PharmaziePhysikalische Chemie IFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Organische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Organische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
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7
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Verzijl CJO, Celis Gil JA, Perrin ML, Dulić D, van der Zant HSJ, Thijssen JM. Image effects in transport at metal-molecule interfaces. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:174106. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4934882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C. J. O. Verzijl
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - J. A. Celis Gil
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - M. L. Perrin
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - D. Dulić
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - H. S. J. van der Zant
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - J. M. Thijssen
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
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8
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Aragonès AC, Darwish N, Saletra WJ, Pérez-García L, Sanz F, Puigmartí-Luis J, Amabilino DB, Díez-Pérez I. Highly conductive single-molecule wires with controlled orientation by coordination of metalloporphyrins. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:4751-6. [PMID: 24978587 DOI: 10.1021/nl501884g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrin-based molecular wires are promising candidates for nanoelectronic and photovoltaic devices due to the porphyrin chemical stability and unique optoelectronic properties. An important aim toward exploiting single porphyrin molecules in nanoscale devices is to possess the ability to control the electrical pathways across them. Herein, we demonstrate a method to build single-molecule wires with metalloporphyrins via their central metal ion by chemically modifying both an STM tip and surface electrodes with pyridin-4-yl-methanethiol, a molecule that has strong affinity for coordination with the metal ion of the porphyrin. The new flat configuration resulted in single-molecule junctions of exceedingly high lifetime and of conductance 3 orders of magnitude larger than that obtained previously for similar porphyrin molecules but wired from either end of the porphyrin ring. This work presents a new concept of building highly efficient single-molecule electrical contacts by exploiting metal coordination chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert C Aragonès
- Departament de Química Física, Universitat de Barcelona , Diagonal 645, and Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC) , Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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9
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Li Z, Smeu M, Afsari S, Xing Y, Ratner MA, Borguet E. Single-Molecule Sensing of Environmental pH-an STM Break Junction and NEGF-DFT Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 53:1098-102. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201308398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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10
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Li Z, Smeu M, Afsari S, Xing Y, Ratner MA, Borguet E. Single-Molecule Sensing of Environmental pH-an STM Break Junction and NEGF-DFT Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201308398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Chen IWP, Tseng WH, Gu MW, Su LC, Hsu CH, Chang WH, Chen CH. Tactile-feedback stabilized molecular junctions for the measurement of molecular conductance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:2449-53. [PMID: 23341350 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201207116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Handling the (AFM) tip: The duration of stable molecular junctions was prolonged using a tactile feedback method in which the operator can sense the force of the AFM tip on the sample surface. The movement of the tip is adjusted accordingly, maintaining a more consistent current (i) and voltage (V), instead of having the tip move at a constant preset speed, as in the conventional setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Wen Peter Chen
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, Taitung, Taiwan 95002, Taiwan
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12
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Chen IWP, Tseng WH, Gu MW, Su LC, Hsu CH, Chang WH, Chen CH. Tactile-Feedback Stabilized Molecular Junctions for the Measurement of Molecular Conductance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201207116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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