1
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Huang H, Luan X, Zuo Z. Cooperative Photoredox and Cobalt-Catalyzed Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Functionalization of Cyclopropylamides towards Allylic N,O-Acyl-acetal Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401579. [PMID: 38609328 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
We disclose herein a novel photoredox and cobalt co-catalyzed ring-opening/acceptorless dehydrogenative functionalization of mono-donor cyclopropanes. This sustainable and atom-economic approach allows the rapid assembly of a wide range of allylic N,O-acyl-acetal derivatives. The starting materials are readily available and the reaction features mild conditions, broad substrate scope, and excellent functional group compatibility. The optimized conditions accommodate assorted cycloalkylamides and primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols, with applications in late-stage functionalization of pharmaceutically relevant compounds, stimulating further utility in medicinal chemistry. Moreover, selective nucleophilic substitutions with various carbon nucleophiles were achieved in a one-pot fashion, offering a reliable avenue to access some cyclic and acyclic derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Xinjun Luan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Zhijun Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
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2
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Harmata AS, Roldan BJ, Stephenson CRJ. Formal Cycloadditions Driven by the Homolytic Opening of Strained, Saturated Ring Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202213003. [PMID: 36239998 PMCID: PMC9852095 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The field of strain-driven, radical formal cycloadditions is experiencing a surge in activity motivated by a renaissance in free radical chemistry and growing demand for sp3 -rich ring systems. The former has been driven in large part by the rise of photoredox catalysis, and the latter by adoption of the "Escape from Flatland" concept in medicinal chemistry. In the years since these broader trends emerged, dozens of formal cycloadditions, including catalytic, asymmetric variants, have been developed that operate via radical mechanisms. While cyclopropanes have been studied most extensively, a variety of strained ring systems are amenable to the design of analogous reactions. Many of these processes generate lucrative, functionally decorated sp3 -rich ring systems that are difficult to access by other means. Herein, we summarize recent efforts in this area and analyze the state of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Harmata
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan 930 N University Ave Ann Arbor MI, 48109-1055
| | - Bec. J. Roldan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan 930 N University Ave Ann Arbor MI, 48109-1055
| | - Corey R. J. Stephenson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan 930 N University Ave Ann Arbor MI, 48109-1055
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3
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Xu M, Wang Z, Sun Z, Ouyang Y, Ding Z, Yu T, Xu L, Li P. Diboron(4)-Catalyzed Remote [3+2] Cycloaddition of Cyclopropanes via Dearomative/Rearomative Radical Transmission through Pyridine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202214507. [PMID: 36344444 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ring structures such as pyridine, cyclopentane or their combinations are important motifs in bioactive molecules. In contrast to previous cycloaddition reactions that necessitated a directly bonded initiating functional group, this work demonstrated a novel through-(hetero)arene radical transmission concept for selective activation of a remote bond. An efficient, metal-free and atom-economical [3+2] cycloaddition between 4-pyridinyl cyclopropanes and alkenes or alkynes has been developed for modular synthesis of pyridine-substituted cyclopentanes, cyclopentenes and bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes that are difficult to access using known methods. This complexity-building reaction was catalyzed by a very simple and inexpensive diboron(4) compound and took place via dearomative/rearomative processes. The substrate scope was broad and more than 100 new compounds were prepared in generally high yields. Mechanistic experiments and density function theory (DFT) investigation supported a radical relay catalytic cycle involving alkylidene dihydropyridine radical intermediates and boronyl radical transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Zhaohui Sun
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Yizhao Ouyang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Zhengwei Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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4
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Chandra Garain B, Pati SK. Unraveling the Efficiency of Thioxanthone Based Triplet Sensitizers: A Detailed Theoretical Study. Chemphyschem 2022; 24:e202200753. [PMID: 36495016 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical activation by triplet photosensitizers is highly expedient for a green focus society. In this work, we have theoretically probed excited state characteristics of thioxanthone and its derivatives for their triplet harvesting efficiency using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). Absorption and triplet energies corroborate well with the available experimental data. Our results predict that both the S1 and T1 states are π-π* in nature, which renders a high oscillator strength for S0 to S1 transition. Major triplet exciton conversion occurs through intersystem crossing (ISC) channel between the S1 (1 π-π* ) and high energy 3 n- π* state. Apart from that, there is both radiative and non-radiative channel from S1 to S0 , which competes with the ISC channel and reduces the triplet harvesting efficiency. For thioxanthones with -OMe (Me=Methyl) or -F substitution at 2 or 2' positions, the ISC channel is not energetically feasible, causing sluggish intersystem crossing quantum yield (ΦISC ). For unsubstituted thioxanthone and for isopropyl substitution at 2' position, the S1 -T1 gap is slightly positive ( Δ E S 1 - 3 n π * ${\Delta {E}_{{S}_{1}-{}^{3}n{\rm \pi }{\rm {^\ast}}}}$ ), rendering a lower triplet harvesting efficiency. For systems with -OMe or -F substitution at 3 or 3' position of thioxanthone, because of buried π state and high energy π* state, the S1 -3 nπ* gap becomes negative. This leads to a high ΦISC (>0.9), which is key to being an effective photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidhan Chandra Garain
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Swapan K Pati
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bangalore, 560064, India
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5
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Zhang M, Xu P, Vendola AJ, Allais C, Dechert Schmitt AM, Singer RA, Morken JP. Stereocontrolled Pericyclic and Radical Cycloaddition Reactions of Readily Accessible Chiral Alkenyl Diazaborolidines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205454. [PMID: 35587213 PMCID: PMC9296615 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
In this paper is described an easily synthesized chiral diazaborolidine that is inexpensive, stable, and provides excellent stereoselection across a number of reaction classes. These versatile compounds possess utility in four different classes of cycloaddition reactions, offering good yield and stereoselectivity. X-ray structure analysis provides insight about the origin of stereocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkai Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Peilin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Alex J Vendola
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Christophe Allais
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06430, USA
| | | | - Robert A Singer
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06430, USA
| | - James P Morken
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
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6
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Zhang M, Xu P, Vendola AJ, Allais C, Dechert Schmitt A, Singer RA, Morken JP. Stereocontrolled Pericyclic and Radical Cycloaddition Reactions of Readily Accessible Chiral Alkenyl Diazaborolidines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingkai Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Boston College 2609 Beacon Street Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Peilin Xu
- Department of Chemistry Boston College 2609 Beacon Street Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Alex J. Vendola
- Department of Chemistry Boston College 2609 Beacon Street Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Christophe Allais
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06430 USA
| | | | - Robert A. Singer
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06430 USA
| | - James P. Morken
- Department of Chemistry Boston College 2609 Beacon Street Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
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7
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Luque A, Groß J, Zähringer TJB, Kerzig C, Opatz T. Vinylcyclopropane [3+2] Cycloaddition with Acetylenic Sulfones Based on Visible Light Photocatalysis. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104329. [PMID: 35133690 PMCID: PMC9314945 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The first intermolecular visible light [3+2] cycloaddition reaction performed on a meta photocycloadduct employing acetylenic sulfones is described. The developed methodology exploits the advantages of combining UV and visible-light in a two-step sequence that provides a photogenerated cyclopropane which, through a strain-release process, generates a new cyclopentane ring while significantly increasing the molecular complexity. Mechanistic studies and DFT calculations indicate an energy transfer pathway for the visible light-driven reaction step. This strategy could be extended to simpler vinylcyclopropanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Luque
- Johannes Gutenberg UniversityDepartment of ChemistryDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Jonathan Groß
- Johannes Gutenberg UniversityDepartment of ChemistryDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Till J. B. Zähringer
- Johannes Gutenberg UniversityDepartment of ChemistryDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Christoph Kerzig
- Johannes Gutenberg UniversityDepartment of ChemistryDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Till Opatz
- Johannes Gutenberg UniversityDepartment of ChemistryDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
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8
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Sivanandan ST, Bharath Krishna R, Baiju TV, Mohan C. Visible‐Light‐Mediated Ring‐Opening Reactions of Cyclopropanes. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - R. Bharath Krishna
- Institute for Integrated Programmes and Research in Basic Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam 686560 India
| | - Thekke V. Baiju
- Department of chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Chithra Mohan
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam 686560 India
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9
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Okada Y. Synthetic Semiconductor Photoelectrochemistry. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2223-2238. [PMID: 33769685 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In the field of synthetic organic chemistry, photochemical and electrochemical approaches are often considered to be competing technologies that induce single electron transfer (SET). Recently, their fusion, i. e., the "photoelectrochemical" approach, has become the focus of attention. In this approach, both solar and electrical energy are used in creative combinations. Historically, the term "photoelectrochemistry" has been used in more inorganic fields, where a photovoltaic effect exhibited by semiconducting materials is employed. Semiconductors have also been studied intensively as photocatalysts; however, they recently have taken a back seat to molecular photocatalysts. In this account, we would like to revisit semiconductor photocatalysts in the field of synthetic organic chemistry to demonstrate that semiconductor "photoelectrochemical" approaches are more than mere alternatives to molecular photochemical and/or electrochemical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Okada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
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10
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Wang M, Waser J. Oxidative Fluorination of Cyclopropylamides through Organic Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming‐Ming Wang
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic SynthesisInstitute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneEPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic SynthesisInstitute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneEPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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11
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Wang M, Waser J. Oxidative Fluorination of Cyclopropylamides through Organic Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16420-16424. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming‐Ming Wang
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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12
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Zhang JW, Wang YR, Pan JH, He YH, Yu W, Han B. Deconstructive Oxygenation of Unstrained Cycloalkanamines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3900-3904. [PMID: 31869508 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A deconstructive oxygenation of unstrained primary cycloalkanamines has been developed for the first time using an auto-oxidative aromatization promoted C(sp3 )-C(sp3 ) bond cleavage strategy. This metal-free method involves the substitution reaction of cycloalkanamines with hydrazonyl chlorides and subsequent auto-oxidative annulation to in situ generate pre-aromatics, followed by N-radical-promoted ring-opening and further oxygenation by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) and m-cholorperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA). Consequently, a series of 1,2,4-triazole-containing acyclic carbonyl compounds were efficiently produced. This protocol features a one-pot operation, mild reaction conditions, high regioselectivity and ring-opening efficiency, broad substrate scope, and is compatible with alkaloids, osamines, and peptides, as well as steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Hao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Heng He
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Bing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
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13
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Gallagher NM, Ye H, Feng S, Lopez J, Zhu YG, Van Voorhis T, Shao‐Horn Y, Johnson JA. An N‐Heterocyclic‐Carbene‐Derived Distonic Radical Cation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nolan M. Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Hong‐Zhou Ye
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Shuting Feng
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Jeffrey Lopez
- Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Yun Guang Zhu
- Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Troy Van Voorhis
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Yang Shao‐Horn
- Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Jeremiah A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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14
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Zhang J, Wang Y, Pan J, He Y, Yu W, Han B. Deconstructive Oxygenation of Unstrained Cycloalkanamines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian‐Wu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Yuan‐Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Jia‐Hao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Yi‐Heng He
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Bing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
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15
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Gallagher NM, Ye HZ, Feng S, Lopez J, Zhu YG, Van Voorhis T, Shao-Horn Y, Johnson JA. An N-Heterocyclic-Carbene-Derived Distonic Radical Cation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3952-3955. [PMID: 31825136 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We present the discovery of a novel radical cation formed through one-electron oxidation of an N-heterocyclic carbene-carbodiimide (NHC-CDI) zwitterionic adduct. This compound possesses a distonic electronic structure (spatially separate spin and charge regions) and displays persistence under ambient conditions. We demonstrate its application in a redox-flow battery exhibiting minimal voltage hysteresis, a flat voltage plateau, high Coulombic efficiency, and no performance decay for at least 100 cycles. The chemical tunability of NHCs and CDIs suggests that this approach could provide a general entry to redox-active NHC-CDI adducts and their persistent radical ions for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan M Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Hong-Zhou Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Shuting Feng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jeffrey Lopez
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yun Guang Zhu
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Troy Van Voorhis
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yang Shao-Horn
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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16
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Wang M, Waser J. 1,3‐Difunctionalization of Aminocyclopropanes via Dielectrophilic Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13880-13884. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming‐Ming Wang
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic SynthesisInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic SynthesisInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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17
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Wang M, Waser J. 1,3‐Difunctionalization of Aminocyclopropanes via Dielectrophilic Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming‐Ming Wang
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic SynthesisInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic SynthesisInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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18
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Zhao Q, Chen J, Zhou X, Yu X, Chen J, Xiao W. Photogenerated Neutral Nitrogen Radical Catalyzed Bifunctionalization of Alkenes. Chemistry 2019; 25:8024-8029. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quan‐Qing Zhao
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green SynthesisKey Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal University 152 Luoyu Road Wuhan Hubei 430079 P. R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green SynthesisKey Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal University 152 Luoyu Road Wuhan Hubei 430079 P. R. China
| | - Xue‐Song Zhou
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green SynthesisKey Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal University 152 Luoyu Road Wuhan Hubei 430079 P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Ye Yu
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green SynthesisKey Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal University 152 Luoyu Road Wuhan Hubei 430079 P. R. China
| | - Jia‐Rong Chen
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green SynthesisKey Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal University 152 Luoyu Road Wuhan Hubei 430079 P. R. China
| | - Wen‐Jing Xiao
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green SynthesisKey Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal University 152 Luoyu Road Wuhan Hubei 430079 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
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19
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Revathi L, Ravindar L, Fang WY, Rakesh KP, Qin HL. Visible Light-Induced C−H Bond Functionalization: A Critical Review. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lekkala Revathi
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; and School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; 205 Luoshi Road Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070 People's Republic of China
| | - Lekkala Ravindar
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; and School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; 205 Luoshi Road Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070 People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Yin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; and School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; 205 Luoshi Road Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070 People's Republic of China
| | - K. P. Rakesh
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; and School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; 205 Luoshi Road Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070 People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; and School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; 205 Luoshi Road Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070 People's Republic of China
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20
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Huang X, Lin J, Shen T, Harms K, Marchini M, Ceroni P, Meggers E. Asymmetric [3+2] Photocycloadditions of Cyclopropanes with Alkenes or Alkynes through Visible-Light Excitation of Catalyst-Bound Substrates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Huang
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Jiahui Lin
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Tianqi Shen
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Klaus Harms
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Marianna Marchini
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”; University of Bologna; 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Paola Ceroni
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”; University of Bologna; 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Eric Meggers
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
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21
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Huang X, Lin J, Shen T, Harms K, Marchini M, Ceroni P, Meggers E. Asymmetric [3+2] Photocycloadditions of Cyclopropanes with Alkenes or Alkynes through Visible-Light Excitation of Catalyst-Bound Substrates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Huang
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Jiahui Lin
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Tianqi Shen
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Klaus Harms
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Marianna Marchini
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”; University of Bologna; 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Paola Ceroni
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”; University of Bologna; 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Eric Meggers
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
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22
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Dauncey EM, Morcillo SP, Douglas JJ, Sheikh NS, Leonori D. Photoinduced Remote Functionalisations by Iminyl Radical Promoted C-C and C-H Bond Cleavage Cascades. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:744-748. [PMID: 29114978 PMCID: PMC5814920 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A photoinduced cascade strategy leading to a variety of differentially functionalised nitriles and ketones has been developed. These reactions rely on the oxidative generation of iminyl radicals from simple oximes. Radical transposition by C(sp3 )-(sp3 ) and C(sp3 )-H bond cleavage gives access to distal carbon radicals that undergo SH 2 functionalisations. These mild, visible-light-mediated procedures can be used for remote fluorination, chlorination, and azidation, and were applied to the modification of bioactive and structurally complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara P. Morcillo
- School of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - James J. Douglas
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech UnitAstraZenecaMacclesfieldSK10 2NAUK
| | - Nadeem S. Sheikh
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceKing Faisal UniversityP.O. Box 380Al-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniele Leonori
- School of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
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23
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Dauncey EM, Morcillo SP, Douglas JJ, Sheikh NS, Leonori D. Photoinduced Remote Functionalisations by Iminyl Radical Promoted C−C and C−H Bond Cleavage Cascades. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara P. Morcillo
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - James J. Douglas
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech UnitAstraZeneca Macclesfield SK10 2NA UK
| | - Nadeem S. Sheikh
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceKing Faisal University P.O. Box 380 Al-Ahsa 31982 Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniele Leonori
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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24
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Rassadin VA, Six Y. Ring-opening, cycloaddition and rearrangement reactions of nitrogen-substituted cyclopropane derivatives. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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25
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Reddy AR, Hao F, Wu K, Zhou CY, Che CM. Cobalt(II) Porphyrin-Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyclopropanation of N-Alkyl Indoles/Pyrroles with Alkylcarbene: Efficient Synthesis of Polycyclic N-Heterocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201506418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annapureddy Rajasekar Reddy
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research & Innovation; Shenzhen China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road; Hong Kong China
| | - Fei Hao
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research & Innovation; Shenzhen China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road; Hong Kong China
| | - Kai Wu
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research & Innovation; Shenzhen China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road; Hong Kong China
| | - Cong-Ying Zhou
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research & Innovation; Shenzhen China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road; Hong Kong China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research & Innovation; Shenzhen China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road; Hong Kong China
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26
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Reddy AR, Hao F, Wu K, Zhou CY, Che CM. Cobalt(II) Porphyrin-Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyclopropanation of N-Alkyl Indoles/Pyrroles with Alkylcarbene: Efficient Synthesis of Polycyclic N-Heterocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:1810-5. [PMID: 26691692 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A protocol on chemoselective cobalt(II) porphyrin-catalyzed intramolecular cyclopropanation of N-alkyl indoles/pyrroles with alkylcarbenes has been developed. The reaction enables the rapid construction of a range of nitrogen-containing polycyclic compounds in moderate to high yields from readily accessible materials. These N-containing polycyclic compounds can be converted into a variety of N-heterocycles with potential synthetic and biological interest. Compared to their N-tosylhydrazone counterparts, the use of bulky N-2,4,6-triisopropylbenzenesulfonyl hydrazones as carbene precursors allows cyclopropanation to occur under milder reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annapureddy Rajasekar Reddy
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research & Innovation, Shenzhen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fei Hao
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research & Innovation, Shenzhen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai Wu
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research & Innovation, Shenzhen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cong-Ying Zhou
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research & Innovation, Shenzhen, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research & Innovation, Shenzhen, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
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27
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Tiwari DK, Maurya RA, Nanubolu JB. Visible-Light/Photoredox-Mediated sp3
CH Functionalization and Coupling of Secondary Amines with Vinyl Azides in Flow Microreactors. Chemistry 2015; 22:526-30. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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28
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Wang J, Zheng N. The Cleavage of a C-C Bond in Cyclobutylanilines by Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis: Development of a [4+2] Annulation Method. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:11424-7. [PMID: 26228259 PMCID: PMC4653064 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We report the first example of an intermolecular [4+2] annulation of cyclobutylanilines with alkynes enabled by visible-light photocatalysis. Monocyclic and bicyclic cyclobutylanilines successfully undergo the annulation with terminal and internal alkynes to generate a wide variety of amine-substituted cyclohexenes including new hydrindan and decalin derivatives with good to excellent diastereoselectivity. The reaction is overall redox neutral with perfect atom economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 (USA) http://www.zhenggroup.org
| | - Nan Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 (USA) http://www.zhenggroup.org.
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29
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Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis: Direct Synthesis of Sulfonated Oxindoles fromN-Arylacrylamides and Arylsulfinic Acids by Means of a Cascade C−S/C−C Formation Process. Chem Asian J 2015; 10:1919-25. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201500498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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30
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Wang J, Zheng N. The Cleavage of a CC Bond in Cyclobutylanilines by Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis: Development of a [4+2] Annulation Method. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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31
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Mueller JO, Schmidt FG, Blinco JP, Barner-Kowollik C. Visible-Light-Induced Click Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:10284-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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32
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Mueller JO, Schmidt FG, Blinco JP, Barner-Kowollik C. Durch sichtbares Licht induzierte Klick-Chemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Hu XQ, Chen JR, Wei Q, Liu FL, Deng QH, Beauchemin AM, Xiao WJ. Photocatalytic generation of N-centered hydrazonyl radicals: a strategy for hydroamination of β,γ-unsaturated hydrazones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 53:12163-7. [PMID: 25513705 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light photocatalytic generation of N-centered hydrazonyl radicals has been accomplished for the first time. This approach allows efficient intramolecular addition of hydrazonyl radical to terminal alkenes, thus providing hydroamination and oxyamination products in good yields. Importantly, the protocol involves deprotonation of an N-H bond and photocatalytic oxidation to an N-centered radical, thus obviating the need to prepare photolabile amine precursors or the stoichiometric use of oxidizing reagents.
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34
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[3+2] Redox-Neutral Cycloaddition of Nitrocyclopropanes with Styrenes by Visible-Light Photocatalysis. Chemistry 2015; 21:9676-80. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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35
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Hu XQ, Chen JR, Wei Q, Liu FL, Deng QH, Beauchemin AM, Xiao WJ. Photocatalytic Generation of N-Centered Hydrazonyl Radicals: A Strategy for Hydroamination of β,γ-Unsaturated Hydrazones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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36
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Nguyen TH, Morris SA, Zheng N. Intermolecular [3+2] Annulation of Cyclopropylanilines with Alkynes, Enynes, and Diynes via Visible Light Photocatalysis. Adv Synth Catal 2014; 356:2831-2837. [PMID: 26120292 PMCID: PMC4478291 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
One-step synthesis of carbocycles substituted with amines from simple starting materials remains rare. We recently developed intermolecular [3+2] annulation of cyclopropylanilines with alkenes and alkynes that enable this one-step synthesis. Herein, we report our findings for a fullscale study of the annulation. Significant expansion of the substrate scope for both cyclopropylanilines and alkynes is achieved. A range of structurally diverse carbocycles substituted with amines is prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nan Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701, USA
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37
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Yi H, Zhang X, Qin C, Liao Z, Liu J, Lei A. Visible Light-Induced γ-Alkoxynitrile SynthesisviaThree- Component Alkoxycyanomethylation of Alkenes. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Xia XD, Xuan J, Wang Q, Lu LQ, Chen JR, Xiao WJ. Synthesis of 2-Substituted Indoles through Visible Light-Induced Photocatalytic Cyclizations of Styryl Azides. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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39
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Miyazawa K, Koike T, Akita M. Hydroaminomethylation of Olefins with Aminomethyltrifluoroborate by Photoredox Catalysis. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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40
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Xuan J, Xia XD, Zeng TT, Feng ZJ, Chen JR, Lu LQ, Xiao WJ. Visible-Light-Induced Formal [3+2] Cycloaddition for Pyrrole Synthesis under Metal-Free Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:5653-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201400602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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41
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Visible-Light-Induced Formal [3+2] Cycloaddition for Pyrrole Synthesis under Metal-Free Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201400602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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42
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Xue D, Jia ZH, Zhao CJ, Zhang YY, Wang C, Xiao J. Direct arylation of N-heteroarenes with aryldiazonium salts by photoredox catalysis in water. Chemistry 2014; 20:2960-5. [PMID: 24500947 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A highly effective visible light-promoted "radical-type" coupling of N-heteroarenes with aryldiazonium salts in water has been developed. The reaction proceeds at room temperature with [Ru(bpy)3 ]Cl2 ⋅6 H2 O as a photosensitizer and a commercial household light bulb as a light source. Pyridine and a variety of substituted pyridines are effective substrates under these reaction conditions, and only monosubstituted products are formed with different regioselectivities. Using aqueous formic acid as solvent, an array of xanthenes, thiazole, pyrazine, and pyridazine are compatible with this new arylation approach. The broad substrate scope, mild reaction conditions, and use of water as reaction solvent make this procedure a practical and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of compounds containing aryl-heteroaryl motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062 (China).
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43
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Farney EP, Yoon TP. Visible-light sensitization of vinyl azides by transition-metal photocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 53:793-7. [PMID: 24281908 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201308820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Irradiation of vinyl and aryl azides with visible light in the presence of Ru photocatalysts results in the formation of reactive nitrenes, which can undergo a variety of C-N bond-forming reactions. The ability to use low-energy visible light instead of UV in the photochemical activation of azides avoids competitive photodecomposition processes that have long been a significant limitation on the synthetic use of these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot P Farney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706 (USA) http://yoon.chem.wisc.edu
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44
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Farney EP, Yoon TP. Visible-Light Sensitization of Vinyl Azides by Transition-Metal Photocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201308820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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45
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Huang L, Cui X, Therrien B, Zhao J. Energy-funneling-based broadband visible-light-absorbing bodipy-C60 triads and tetrads as dual functional heavy-atom-free organic triplet photosensitizers for photocatalytic organic reactions. Chemistry 2013; 19:17472-82. [PMID: 24318269 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
C60-bodipy triads and tetrads based on the energy-funneling effect that show broadband absorption in the visible region have been prepared as novel triplet photosensitizers. The new photosensitizers contain two or three different light-harvesting antennae associated with different absorption wavelengths, resulting in a broad absorption band (450-650 nm). The panchromatic excitation energy harvested by the bodipy moieties is funneled into a spin converter (C60), thus ensuring intersystem crossing and population of the triplet state. Nanosecond time-resolved transient absorption and spin density analysis indicated that the T1 state is localized on either C60 or the antennae, depending on the T1 energy levels of the two entities. The antenna-localized T1 state shows a longer lifetime (τ(T)=132.9 μs) than the C60-localized T1 state (ca. 27.4 μs). We found that the C60 triads and tetrads can be used as dual functional photocatalysts, that is, singlet oxygen ((1)O2) and superoxide radical anion (O2(.-)) photosensitizers. In the photooxidation of naphthol to juglone, the (1)O2 photosensitizing ability of the C60 triad is a factor of 8.9 greater than the conventional triplet photosensitizers tetraphenylporphyrin and methylene blue. The C60 dyads and triads were also used as photocatalysts for O2(.-)-mediated aerobic oxidation of aromatic boronic acids to produce phenols. The reaction times were greatly reduced compared with when [Ru(bpy)3Cl2] was used as photocatalyst. Our study of triplet photosensitizers has shown that broadband absorption in the visible spectral region and long-lived triplet excited states can be useful for the design of new heavy-atom-free organic triplet photosensitizers and for the application of these triplet photosensitizers in photo-organocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, E-208, West Campus, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 411-8498-6236
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46
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Dong X, Xu Y, Liu JJ, Hu Y, Xiao T, Zhou L. Visible-Light-Induced Radical Cyclization of Trifluoroacetimidoyl Chlorides with Alkynes: Catalytic Synthesis of 2-Trifluoromethyl Quinolines. Chemistry 2013; 19:16928-33. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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47
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Pefkianakis EK, Christodouleas D, Giokas DL, Papadopoulos K, Vougioukalakis GC. A Family of RuIIPhotosensitizers with High Singlet Oxygen Quantum Yield: Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201300431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Wasilewska A, Woźniak BA, Doridot G, Piotrowska K, Witkowska N, Retailleau P, Six Y. Synthesis of Polycyclic Aminocyclobutane Systems by the Rearrangement ofN-(ortho-Vinylphenyl) 2-Azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane Derivatives. Chemistry 2013; 19:11759-67. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Xuan J, Lu LQ, Chen JR, Xiao WJ. Visible-Light-Driven Photoredox Catalysis in the Construction of Carbocyclic and Heterocyclic Ring Systems. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Xuan J, Li BJ, Feng ZJ, Sun GD, Ma HH, Yuan ZW, Chen JR, Lu LQ, Xiao WJ. Desulfonylation of Tosyl Amides through Catalytic Photoredox Cleavage of NS Bond Under Visible-Light Irradiation. Chem Asian J 2013; 8:1090-4. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201300224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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