1
|
Chen F, Liu L, Zeng W. Synthetic strategies to access silacycles. Front Chem 2023; 11:1200494. [PMID: 37398981 PMCID: PMC10313416 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1200494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In comparison with all-carbon parent compounds, the incorporation of Si-element into carboskeletons generally endows the corresponding sila-analogues with unique biological activity and physical-chemical properties. Silacycles have recently shown promising application potential in biological chemistry, pharmaceuticals industry, and material chemistry. Therefore, the development of efficient methodology to assemble versatile silacycles has aroused increasing concerns in the past decades. In this review, recent advances in the synthesis of silacycle-system are briefly summarized, including transition metal-catalytic and photocatalytic strategies by employing arylsilanes, alkylsilane, vinylsilane, hydrosilanes, and alkynylsilanes, etc. as starting materials. Moreover, a clear presentation and understanding of the mechanistic aspects and features of these developed reaction methodologies have been high-lighted.
Collapse
|
2
|
Qi L, Pan QQ, Wei XX, Pang X, Liu Z, Shu XZ. Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive [4 + 1] Sila-Cycloaddition of 1,3-Dienes with Dichlorosilanes. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37285283 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed sila-cycloaddition has been a promising tool for accessing silacarbocycle derivatives, but the approach has been limited to a selection of well-defined sila-synthons. Herein, we demonstrate the potential of chlorosilanes, which are industrial feedstock chemicals, for this type of reaction under reductive nickel catalysis. This work extends the scope of reductive coupling from carbocycle to silacarbocycle synthesis and from single C-Si bond formation to sila-cycloaddition reactions. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions and shows good substrate scope and functionality tolerance, and it offers new access to silacyclopent-3-enes and spiro silacarbocycles. The optical properties of several spiro dithienosiloles as well as structural variations of the products are demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qiu-Quan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaobo Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zitong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xing-Zhong Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang J, Yan N, Ju C, Zhao D. Nickel(0)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Ring Expansion Toward Enantioenriched Silicon‐Stereogenic Benzosiloles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Nuo Yan
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Cheng‐Wei Ju
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Dongbing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang J, Yan N, Ju CW, Zhao D. Nickel(0)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Ring Expansion Toward Enantioenriched Silicon-Stereogenic Benzosiloles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25723-25728. [PMID: 34590411 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of a straightforward strategy to obtain enantioenriched silicon-stereogenic benzosiloles remains a challenging yet appealing synthesis venture due to their potential future application in chiral electronic and optoelectronic devices. In this context, all of the existing methods rely on Rh-catalyzed systems and are somewhat limited in scope. Herein, we disclose the first Ni0 -catalyzed ring expansion process that enables the preparation of benzosiloles possessing tetraorganosilicon stereocenters in excellent yields and enantioselectivities. The presented catalysis strategy is further applied to the asymmetric synthesis of silicon-stereogenic bis-silicon-bridged π-extended systems. Preliminary studies reveal that such compounds exhibit fluorescence emission, Cotton effects and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Nuo Yan
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Cheng-Wei Ju
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Dongbing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen B, Wu X. Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Synthesis of Benzosilinones from (2‐Iodophenyl)Hydrosilanes and Terminal Alkynes. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha Campus Hangzhou 310018 People's Republic of China
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock Albert-Einstein-Straβe 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Xiao‐Feng Wu
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha Campus Hangzhou 310018 People's Republic of China
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock Albert-Einstein-Straβe 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wagner P, Gulea M, Suffert J, Donnard M. Synthesis of Benzo[c
]silole Derivatives Bearing a Tetrasubstituted Exocyclic C=C Double Bond by Palladium-Catalyzed Domino Reactions. Chemistry 2017; 23:7458-7462. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Wagner
- Université de Strasbourg; CNRS (LIT UMR 7200); 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Mihaela Gulea
- Université de Strasbourg; CNRS (LIT UMR 7200); 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Jean Suffert
- Université de Strasbourg; CNRS (LIT UMR 7200); 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Morgan Donnard
- Université de Strasbourg; CNRS (LIT UMR 7200); 67000 Strasbourg France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang QW, An K, Liu LC, Zhang Q, Guo H, He W. Construction of Chiral Tetraorganosilicons by Tandem Desymmetrization of Silacyclobutanes/Intermolecular Dehydrogenative Silylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:1125-1129. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Wei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Kun An
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Li-Chuan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Huifang Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Wei He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang QW, An K, Liu LC, Zhang Q, Guo H, He W. Construction of Chiral Tetraorganosilicons by Tandem Desymmetrization of Silacyclobutanes/Intermolecular Dehydrogenative Silylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Wei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Kun An
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Li-Chuan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Huifang Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Wei He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mao J, Li H, Wen H, Li M, Fan X, Bao W. Palladium-Catalyzed Two-Component Domino Coupling Reaction of (Z)-β-Bromostyrenes with Norbornenes: Synthesis of 1,5-Enynes. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
10
|
Zhang QW, An K, Liu LC, Guo S, Jiang C, Guo H, He W. Rhodium-Catalyzed Intramolecular C−H Silylation by Silacyclobutanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201602376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Wei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Kun An
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Li-Chuan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Shuangxi Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Chenran Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Huifang Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Wei He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang QW, An K, Liu LC, Guo S, Jiang C, Guo H, He W. Rhodium-Catalyzed Intramolecular C-H Silylation by Silacyclobutanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:6319-23. [PMID: 27073004 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Silacyclobutane was discovered to be an efficient C-H bond silylation reagent. Under the catalysis of Rh(I) /TMS-segphos, silacyclobutane undergoes sequential C-Si/C-H bond activations, affording a series of π-conjugated siloles in high yields and regioselectivities. The catalytic cycle was proposed to involve a rarely documented endocyclic β-hydride elimination of five-membered metallacycles, which after reductive elimination gave rise to a Si-Rh(I) species that is capable of C-H activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Wei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kun An
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Li-Chuan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shuangxi Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chenran Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Huifang Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wei He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang QW, An K, He W. Rhodium-Catalyzed Tandem Cyclization/SiC Activation Reaction for the Synthesis of Siloles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201400828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
13
|
Rhodium-Catalyzed Tandem Cyclization/SiC Activation Reaction for the Synthesis of Siloles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:5667-71. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201400828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
14
|
Yang L, Wang H. Recent advances in carbon dioxide capture, fixation, and activation by using N-heterocyclic carbenes. CHEMSUSCHEM 2014; 7:962-998. [PMID: 24644039 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201301131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades, CO2 emission has caused a lot of environmental problems. To mitigate the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, various strategies have been implemented, one of which is the use of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and related complexes to accomplish the capture, fixation, and activation of CO2 effectively. In this review, we summarize CO2 capture, fixation, and activation by utilizing NHCs and related complexes; homogeneous reactions and their reaction mechanisms are discussed. Free NHCs and NHC salts can capture CO2 in both direct and indirect ways to form imidazolium carboxylates, and they can also catalyze the reaction of aromatic aldehydes with CO2 to form carboxylic acids and derivatives. Moreover, associated with transition metals (TMs), NHCs can form NHC-TM complexes to transform CO2 into industrial acid or esters. Non-metal-NHC complexes can also catalyze the reactions of silicon and boron complexes with CO2 . In addition, catalytic cycloaddition of epoxides with CO2 is another effective function of NHC complexes, and NHC ionic liquids perform excellently in this aspect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longhua Yang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Xuefu Dadao 999, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, 330031 (PR China)
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hao W, Geng W, Zhang WX, Xi Z. Palladium-Catalyzed One-Pot Three- or Four-Component Coupling of Aryl Iodides, Alkynes, and Amines through CN Bond Cleavage: Efficient Synthesis of Indole Derivatives. Chemistry 2014; 20:2605-12. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
16
|
Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Synthesis of Phosphole Derivatives from Triarylphosphines through Cleavage of Carbon-Hydrogen and Carbon-Phosphorus Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
17
|
Baba K, Tobisu M, Chatani N. Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Synthesis of Phosphole Derivatives from Triarylphosphines through Cleavage of Carbon-Hydrogen and Carbon-Phosphorus Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:11892-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
18
|
Zhu D, Kozera DJ, Enns KD, Budzelaar PHM. Cascade Activation of SiH, CH, and SiC Bonds at a Rhodium β-Diiminate Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201206751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
19
|
Zhu D, Kozera DJ, Enns KD, Budzelaar PHM. Cascade Activation of SiH, CH, and SiC Bonds at a Rhodium β-Diiminate Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:12211-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201206751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
20
|
Fujihara T, Tani Y, Semba K, Terao J, Tsuji Y. Copper-Catalyzed Silacarboxylation of Internal Alkynes by Employing Carbon Dioxide and Silylboranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201207148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
21
|
Fujihara T, Tani Y, Semba K, Terao J, Tsuji Y. Copper-Catalyzed Silacarboxylation of Internal Alkynes by Employing Carbon Dioxide and Silylboranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:11487-90. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201207148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|