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Yang Z, Tan Q, Jiang Y, Yang J, Su X, Qiao Z, Zhou W, He L, Qiu H, Zhang M. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Sarpagine and Koumine Alkaloids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13105-13111. [PMID: 33783073 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We report here a concise, collective, and asymmetric total synthesis of sarpagine alkaloids and biogenetically related koumine alkaloids, which structurally feature a rigid cage scaffold, with L-tryptophan as the starting material. Two key bridged skeleton-forming reactions, namely tandem sequential oxidative cyclopropanol ring-opening cyclization and ketone α-allenylation, ensure concurrent assembly of the caged sarpagine scaffold and installation of requisite derivative handles. With a common caged intermediate as the branch point, by taking advantage of ketone and allene groups therein, total synthesis of five sarpagine alkaloids (affinisine, normacusine B, trinervine, Na -methyl-16-epipericyclivine, and vellosimine) with various substituents and three koumine alkaloids (koumine, koumimine, and N-demethylkoumine) with more complex cage scaffolds has been accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Qiuyuan Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Jiaojiao Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Xiaojiao Su
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Zhen Qiao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Wenqiang Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Ling He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Hanyue Qiu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, 401331, China
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2
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Yang Z, Tan Q, Jiang Y, Yang J, Su X, Qiao Z, Zhou W, He L, Qiu H, Zhang M. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Sarpagine and Koumine Alkaloids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research Innovative Drug Research Centre School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chongqing University 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba Chongqing 401331 China
| | - Qiuyuan Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research Innovative Drug Research Centre School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chongqing University 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba Chongqing 401331 China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research Innovative Drug Research Centre School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chongqing University 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba Chongqing 401331 China
| | - Jiaojiao Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research Innovative Drug Research Centre School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chongqing University 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba Chongqing 401331 China
| | - Xiaojiao Su
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research Innovative Drug Research Centre School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chongqing University 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba Chongqing 401331 China
| | - Zhen Qiao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research Innovative Drug Research Centre School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chongqing University 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba Chongqing 401331 China
| | - Wenqiang Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research Innovative Drug Research Centre School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chongqing University 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba Chongqing 401331 China
| | - Ling He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research Innovative Drug Research Centre School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chongqing University 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba Chongqing 401331 China
| | - Hanyue Qiu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research Innovative Drug Research Centre School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chongqing University 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba Chongqing 401331 China
| | - Min Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research Innovative Drug Research Centre School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chongqing University 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba Chongqing 401331 China
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3
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Puri S. Oxygen as a Heteroatom in Propargylic Alcohols: Reactivity, Selectivity, and Applications. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Puri
- Department of ChemistryHemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University) Srinagar (Garhwal) Uttarakhand 246174 India
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4
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Vidali VP, Canko A, Peroulias AD, Georgas ET, Bouzas E, Herniman JM, Couladouros EA. An Improved Biomimetic Formal Synthesis of Abyssomicin C and atrop
-Abyssomicin C. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veroniki P. Vidali
- NCSR "Demokritos"; Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Patr. Grigoriou & Neapoleos 25 153 41 Athens Greece
| | - Aleksander Canko
- NCSR "Demokritos"; Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Patr. Grigoriou & Neapoleos 25 153 41 Athens Greece
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; Agricultural University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - Angelos D. Peroulias
- School of Chemistry; University of Southampton; 17 1BJ Southampton SO United Kingdom
| | - Evangelos T. Georgas
- NCSR "Demokritos"; Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Patr. Grigoriou & Neapoleos 25 153 41 Athens Greece
- Department of Chemistry; University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - Emmanuel Bouzas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; Agricultural University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - Julie M. Herniman
- School of Chemistry; University of Southampton; 17 1BJ Southampton SO United Kingdom
| | - Elias A. Couladouros
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; Agricultural University of Athens; Athens Greece
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5
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Arndt S, Weis D, Donsbach K, Waldvogel SR. The "Green" Electrochemical Synthesis of Periodate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8036-8041. [PMID: 32181555 PMCID: PMC7317427 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
High-grade periodate is relatively expensive, but is required for many sensitive applications such as the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients. These high costs originate from using lead dioxide anodes in contemporary electrochemical methods and from expensive starting materials. A direct and cost-efficient electrochemical synthesis of periodate from iodide, which is less costly and relies on a readily available starting material, is reported. The oxidation is conducted at boron-doped diamond anodes, which are durable, metal-free, and nontoxic. The avoidance of lead dioxide ultimately lowers the cost of purification and quality assurance. The electrolytic process was optimized by statistical methods and was scaled up in an electrolysis flow cell that enhanced the space-time yields by a cyclization protocol. An LC-PDA analytical protocol was established enabling simple quantification of iodide, iodate, and periodate simultaneously with remarkable precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Arndt
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dominik Weis
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kai Donsbach
- PharmaZell GmbH, Hochstrass-Süd 7, 83064, Raubling, Germany
| | - Siegfried R Waldvogel
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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6
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Arndt S, Weis D, Donsbach K, Waldvogel SR. Die “grüne” elektrochemische Synthese von Periodat. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Arndt
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Dominik Weis
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Kai Donsbach
- PharmaZell GmbH Hochstraß Süd 7 83064 Raubling Deutschland
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Qian
- Department of ChemistryLishui University 1 Xueyuan Road Lishui City Zhejiang Province 323000 People's Republic of China
| | - Dayun Huang
- Department of ChemistryLishui University 1 Xueyuan Road Lishui City Zhejiang Province 323000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yicheng Bi
- Qingdao University of Science & TechnologySifang Campus 53 Zhengzhou Road Qingdao Shandong 266042 People's Republic of China
| | - Guobing Yan
- Department of ChemistryLishui University 1 Xueyuan Road Lishui City Zhejiang Province 323000 People's Republic of China
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8
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Pflästerer D, Rudolph M, Hashmi ASK. Gold-Catalyzed Hydrofunctionalizations and Spiroketalizations of Alkynes as Key Steps in Total Synthesis. Isr J Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201700056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pflästerer
- Heidelberg University; Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Heidelberg University; Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Heidelberg University; Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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9
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Fürstner A. Gold-Katalyse für die Heterocyclenchemie: eine repräsentative Fallstudie zu Naturstoffen der Pyron-Reihe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Deutschland
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10
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Fürstner A. Gold Catalysis for Heterocyclic Chemistry: A Representative Case Study on Pyrone Natural Products. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 57:4215-4233. [PMID: 28862364 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
2-Pyrones and 4-pyrones are common structural motifs in bioactive natural products. However, traditional methods for their synthesis, which try to emulate the biosynthetic pathway of cyclization of a 1,3,5-tricarbonyl precursor, are often harsh and, therefore, not particularly suitable for applications to polyfunctionalized and/or sensitive target compounds. π-Acid catalysis, in contrast, has proved to be better for a systematic exploration of the pyrone estate. To this end, alkynes are used as stable ketone surrogates, which can be activated under exceedingly mild conditions due to the pronounced carbophilicity of [LAu]+ fragments (L=two electron donor ligand); attack of a tethered ester carbonyl group onto the transient alkyne-gold complex then forges the pyrone ring in a fully regiocontrolled manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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11
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Manzano R, Datta S, Paton RS, Dixon DJ. Enantioselective Silver and Amine Co-catalyzed Desymmetrizing Cycloisomerization of Alkyne-Linked Cyclohexanones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201612048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Manzano
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory; University of Oxford; Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Swarup Datta
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory; University of Oxford; Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Robert S. Paton
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory; University of Oxford; Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Darren J. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory; University of Oxford; Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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12
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Manzano R, Datta S, Paton RS, Dixon DJ. Enantioselective Silver and Amine Co-catalyzed Desymmetrizing Cycloisomerization of Alkyne-Linked Cyclohexanones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:5834-5838. [PMID: 28429384 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201612048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A silver(I) and amine co-catalyzed desymmetrization of 4-propargylamino cyclohexanones for the direct enantioselective synthesis of 2-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes is described. Exploiting reactivity arising from dual activation of the pendant terminal alkyne by silver(I) and the ketone moiety through transient enamine formation, this synthetically relevant transformation is easy to perform, efficient and broad in scope. High enantioselectivity (up to 96 % ee) was achieved by exploiting a significant matching effect between the chirality of a cinchona alkaloid-derived aminophosphine ligand for the silver(I) salt and the 2-bis(aryl)methylpyrrolidine catalyst which was rationalized by DFT calculations. This allowed for the preparation of both enantiomers of the bicyclic product with near-identical stereocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Manzano
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Swarup Datta
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Robert S Paton
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Darren J Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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13
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Haydl AM, Breit B. The Total Synthesis of Epothilone D as a Yardstick for Probing New Methodologies. Chemistry 2016; 23:541-545. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Haydl
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstrasse 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Bernhard Breit
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstrasse 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
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14
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Ganss S, Breit B. Enantioselective Rhodium-Catalyzed Atom-Economical Macrolactonization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Ganss
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstrasse 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Bernhard Breit
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstrasse 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
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15
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Ganss S, Breit B. Enantioselective Rhodium-Catalyzed Atom-Economical Macrolactonization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:9738-42. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Ganss
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstrasse 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Bernhard Breit
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstrasse 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
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16
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Pflästerer D, Hashmi ASK. Gold catalysis in total synthesis – recent achievements. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:1331-67. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00721f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 600] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The most recent achievements of gold catalysed transformations applied in total synthesis of natural products are reviewed and analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pflästerer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
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17
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Mak JYW, Pouwer RH, Williams CM. Naturstoffe mit Anti-Bredt- und Brückenkopf-Doppelbindung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201400932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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18
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Mak JYW, Pouwer RH, Williams CM. Natural products with anti-Bredt and bridgehead double bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13664-88. [PMID: 25399486 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201400932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Well over a hundred years ago, Professor Julius Bredt embarked on a career pursuing and critiquing bridged bicyclic systems that contained ring strain induced by the presence of a bridgehead olefin. These endeavors founded what we now know as Bredt's rule (Bredtsche Regel). Physical, theoretical, and synthetic organic chemists have intensely studied this premise, pushing the boundaries of such systems to arrive at a better understood physical phenomenon. Mother nature has also seen fit to construct molecules containing bridgehead double bonds that encompass Bredt's rule. For the first time, this topic is reviewed in a natural product context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Y W Mak
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane (Australia)
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19
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Wright PM, Seiple IB, Myers AG. The evolving role of chemical synthesis in antibacterial drug discovery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:8840-69. [PMID: 24990531 PMCID: PMC4536949 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201310843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The discovery and implementation of antibiotics in the early twentieth century transformed human health and wellbeing. Chemical synthesis enabled the development of the first antibacterial substances, organoarsenicals and sulfa drugs, but these were soon outshone by a host of more powerful and vastly more complex antibiotics from nature: penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, and erythromycin, among others. These primary defences are now significantly less effective as an unavoidable consequence of rapid evolution of resistance within pathogenic bacteria, made worse by widespread misuse of antibiotics. For decades medicinal chemists replenished the arsenal of antibiotics by semisynthetic and to a lesser degree fully synthetic routes, but economic factors have led to a subsidence of this effort, which places society on the precipice of a disaster. We believe that the strategic application of modern chemical synthesis to antibacterial drug discovery must play a critical role if a crisis of global proportions is to be averted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. Wright
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138 (USA)
| | - Ian B. Seiple
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138 (USA)
| | - Andrew G. Myers
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138 (USA)
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20
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Wright PM, Seiple IB, Myers AG. Zur Rolle der chemischen Synthese in der Entwicklung antibakterieller Wirkstoffe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201310843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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