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Deng H, Li J, Zhou Y, Xia Y, Chen C, Zhou Z, Wu H, Wang P, Zhou S. Genetic engineering of circularly permuted yellow fluorescent protein reveals intracellular acidification in response to nitric oxide stimuli. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101943. [PMID: 33752109 PMCID: PMC8005830 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular pH (pHi) is a crucial parameter in cell biology; thus, a series of pH probes have been developed to determine pHi changes in living cells. However, more sensitive and non-perturbing ratiometric pH probes are needed for accurate pHi measurements. While the fluorescence of circular permutated YFP (cpYFP) is hypersensitive to pH changes due to its intrinsic properties, the single excitation peak of this protein restricts its capacity of becoming a rational type of pH sensor. Herein, we collected several cpYFP-based probes with dual excitation peaks and constructed their corresponding loss-of-function mutants to screen for a potential competent pH probe. The most sensitive probe was named NocPer. NocPer consists of cpYFP inserted into inactive-mutated GAF and AAA+, which are two regulatory domains of E. coli NorR, a nitric oxide (NO)-specific transcription factor. Fluorescence emission of NocPer peaks at 517 nm while exhibiting dual excitation peaks at 420 and 495 nm, which can be used for ratiometric imaging. This new pH sensor has a large ratio response dynamic (pH range of 7.0–11.0), which covers the physiological pH range (pH 7.0–8.0), and exhibits an approximately 3-fold higher fluorescent signal in response to a pH increase from 7.0 to 8.0 than that of pHluorin. Using NocPer, we discovered a new biological phenomenon in which NO exposure decreases the E. coli pHi, which led to the hypothesis that pathogens decrease their own pHi during infection. Further, we elucidated that the NO-induced inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase in the respiratory chain is responsible for the decline in pHi, which might represent a protective strategy of E. coli under NO stress conditions. Our results demonstrated that NocPer is a ratiometric pH probe with high sensitivity for the physiological pH range. Circular permutated YFP was modified to be an a supersensitive and ratiometric pH probe NocPer. Nitric oxide (NO) lowering intracellular pH (pHi) was discovered as a new biological phenomenon. NO-induced inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase is responsible for the decline in pHi. pHi decrease by NO might represent a bacterial protective mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhemin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Hui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Shengmin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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Zhang E, Wang S, Su X, Han S. Imaging stressed organellesviasugar-conjugated color-switchable pH sensors. Analyst 2020; 145:1319-1327. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an02441g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sugar-conjugated pH sensors discriminate stressed lysosomes in different cell starvation conditionsviared-to-green fluorescence switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enkang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
| | - Siyu Wang
- Department of Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
| | - Xinhui Su
- Department of Nuclear Medicine
- Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- China
| | - Shoufa Han
- Department of Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
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Xue Z, Zhao H, Liu J, Han J, Han S. Imaging Lysosomal pH Alteration in Stressed Cells with a Sensitive Ratiometric Fluorescence Sensor. ACS Sens 2017; 2:436-442. [PMID: 28723201 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The organelle-specific pH is crucial for cell homeostasis. Aberrant pH of lysosomes has been manifested in myriad diseases. To probe lysosome responses to cell stress, we herein report the detection of lysosomal pH changes with a dual colored probe (CM-ROX), featuring a coumarin domain with "always-on" blue fluorescence and a rhodamine-lactam domain activatable to lysosomal acidity to give red fluorescence. With sensitive ratiometric signals upon subtle pH changes, CM-ROX enables discernment of lysosomal pH changes in cells undergoing autophagy, cell death, and viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Xue
- Department of Chemical Biology, ‡College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, §State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, ∥The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, ⊥The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, ¶Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, ▽State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, and ■School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Hu Zhao
- Department of Chemical Biology, ‡College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, §State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, ∥The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, ⊥The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, ¶Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, ▽State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, and ■School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology, ‡College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, §State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, ∥The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, ⊥The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, ¶Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, ▽State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, and ■School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jiahuai Han
- Department of Chemical Biology, ‡College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, §State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, ∥The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, ⊥The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, ¶Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, ▽State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, and ■School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Shoufa Han
- Department of Chemical Biology, ‡College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, §State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, ∥The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, ⊥The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, ¶Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, ▽State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, and ■School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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Liu J, Luo Z, Zhang J, Luo T, Zhou J, Zhao X, Cai K. Hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles facilitated drug delivery via cascade pH stimuli in tumor microenvironment for tumor therapy. Biomaterials 2016; 83:51-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Penjweini R, Deville S, D'Olieslaeger L, Berden M, Ameloot M, Ethirajan A. Intracellular localization and dynamics of Hypericin loaded PLLA nanocarriers by image correlation spectroscopy. J Control Release 2015; 218:82-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Kim BJ, Cheong H, Hwang BH, Cha HJ. Mussel-Inspired Protein Nanoparticles Containing Iron(III)-DOPA Complexes for pH-Responsive Drug Delivery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7318-22. [PMID: 25968933 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201501748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel bioinspired strategy for protein nanoparticle (NP) synthesis to achieve pH-responsive drug release exploits the pH-dependent changes in the coordination stoichiometry of iron(III)-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) complexes, which play a major cross-linking role in mussel byssal threads. Doxorubicin-loaded polymeric NPs that are based on Fe(III)-DOPA complexation were thus synthesized with a DOPA-modified recombinant mussel adhesive protein through a co-electrospraying process. The release of doxorubicin was found to be predominantly governed by a change in the structure of the Fe(III)-DOPA complexes induced by an acidic pH value. It was also demonstrated that the fabricated NPs exhibited effective cytotoxicity towards cancer cells through efficient cellular uptake and cytosolic release. Therefore, it is anticipated that Fe(III)-DOPA complexation can be successfully utilized as a new design principle for pH-responsive NPs for diverse controlled drug-delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum Jin Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784 (Korea)
| | - Hogyun Cheong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784 (Korea)
| | - Byeong Hee Hwang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784 (Korea).,Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772 (Korea)
| | - Hyung Joon Cha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784 (Korea).
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Kim BJ, Cheong H, Hwang BH, Cha HJ. Mussel-Inspired Protein Nanoparticles Containing Iron(III)-DOPA Complexes for pH-Responsive Drug Delivery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201501748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Li J, Zhang Y, Mei J, Lam JWY, Hao J, Tang BZ. Aggregation-Induced Emission Rotors: Rational Design and Tunable Stimuli Response. Chemistry 2014; 21:907-14. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Li J, Zhang Y, Mei J, Lam JWY, Hao J, Tang BZ. Aggregation-Induced Emission Rotors: Rational Design and Tunable Stimuli Response. Chemistry 2014; 21:4164-4164. [PMID: 25376501 DOI: 10.1002/chem.405118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A novel molecular design strategy is provided to rationally tune the stimuli response of luminescent materials with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics. A series of new AIE-active molecules (AIE rotors) are prepared by covalently linking different numbers of tetraphenylethene moieties together. Upon gradually increasing the number of rotatable phenyl rings, the sensitivity of the response of the AIE rotors to viscosity and temperature is significantly enhanced. Although the molecular size is further enlarged, the performance is only slightly improved due to slightly increased effective rotors, but with largely increased rotational barriers. Such molecular engineering and experimental results offer more in-depth insight into the AIE mechanism, namely, restriction of intramolecular rotations. Notably, through this rational design, the AIE rotor with the largest molecular size turns out to be the most viscosensitive luminogen with a viscosity factor of up to 0.98.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong (S.A.R. China)
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