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Minh Le T, Szakonyi Z. Enantiomeric Isopulegol as the Chiral Pool in the Total Synthesis of Bioactive Agents. CHEM REC 2021; 22:e202100194. [PMID: 34553822 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Isopulegol, a pool of abundant chiral terpene, has long served as the starting material for the total synthesis of isopulegol-based drugs. As an inexpensive and versatile starting material, this compound continues to serve modern synthetic chemistry. This review highlights the total syntheses of terpenoids in the period from 1980 to 2020 in which with isopulegol applied as a building block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tam Minh Le
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellent Center, Eötvös utca 6, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary.,Stereochemistry Research Group of the Hungarian Academy Science, Eötvös utca 6, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Szakonyi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellent Center, Eötvös utca 6, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Natural Products, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
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Peter Ventura AM, Haeberlein S, Lange‐Grünweller K, Grünweller A, Hartmann RK, Grevelding CG, Schlitzer M. Development of Biarylalkyl Carboxylic Acid Amides with Improved Anti-schistosomal Activity. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1856-1862. [PMID: 31454168 PMCID: PMC7687077 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The parasitic disease schistosomiasis is the cause of more than 200 000 human deaths per year. Although the disease is treatable, there is one major shortcoming: praziquantel has been the only drug used to combat these parasites since 1977. The risk of the emergence of resistant schistosomes is known to be increasing, as a reduced sensitivity of these parasites toward praziquantel has been observed. We developed a new class of substances, which are derived from inhibitors of human aldose reductase, and which showed promising activity against Schistosoma mansoni couples in vitro. Further optimisation of the compounds led to an increase in anti-schistosomal activity with observed phenotypes such as reduced egg production, vitality, and motility as well as tegumental damage and gut dilatation. Here, we performed structure-activity relationship studies on the carboxylic acid moiety of biarylalkyl carboxylic acids. Out of 82 carboxylic acid amides, we identified 10 compounds that are active against S. mansoni at 25 μm. The best five compounds showed an anti-schistosomal activity up to 10 μm and induced severe phenotypes. Cytotoxicity tests in human cell lines showed that two derivatives had no cytotoxicity at 50 or 100 μm. These compounds are promising candidates for further optimisation toward the new anti-schistosomal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simone Haeberlein
- BFS, Institute of ParasitologyJustus-Liebig-Universität GießenSchubertstrasse 8135392GießenGermany
| | - Kerstin Lange‐Grünweller
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryPhilipps Universität MarburgMarbacher Weg 635032MarburgGermany
| | - Arnold Grünweller
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryPhilipps Universität MarburgMarbacher Weg 635032MarburgGermany
| | - Roland K. Hartmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryPhilipps Universität MarburgMarbacher Weg 635032MarburgGermany
| | - Christoph G. Grevelding
- BFS, Institute of ParasitologyJustus-Liebig-Universität GießenSchubertstrasse 8135392GießenGermany
| | - Martin Schlitzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryPhilipps Universität MarburgMarbacher Weg 635032MarburgGermany
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Mäder P, Blohm AS, Quack T, Lange-Grünweller K, Grünweller A, Hartmann RK, Grevelding CG, Schlitzer M. Biarylalkyl Carboxylic Acid Derivatives as Novel Antischistosomal Agents. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:1459-68. [PMID: 27159334 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic platyhelminths are responsible for serious infectious diseases, such as schistosomiasis, which affect humans as well as animals across vast regions of the world. The drug arsenal available for the treatment of these diseases is limited; for example, praziquantel is the only drug currently used to treat ≥240 million people each year infected with Schistosoma spp., and there is justified concern about the emergence of drug resistance. In this study, we screened biarylalkyl carboxylic acid derivatives for their antischistosomal activity against S. mansoni. These compounds showed significant influence on egg production, pairing stability, and vitality. Tegumental lesions or gut dilatation was also observed. Substitution of the terminal phenyl residue in the biaryl scaffold with a 3-hydroxy moiety and derivatization of the terminal carboxylic acid scaffold with carboxamides yielded compounds that displayed significant antischistosomal activity at concentrations as low as 10 μm with satisfying cytotoxicity values. The present study provides detailed insight into the structure-activity relationships of biarylalkyl carboxylic acid derivatives and thereby paves the way for a new drug-hit moiety for fighting schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Mäder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ariane S Blohm
- BFS, Institute for Parasitology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Schubertstraße 81, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Thomas Quack
- BFS, Institute for Parasitology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Schubertstraße 81, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Lange-Grünweller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Arnold Grünweller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Roland K Hartmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christoph G Grevelding
- BFS, Institute for Parasitology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Schubertstraße 81, 35392, Gießen, Germany.
| | - Martin Schlitzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
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