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Schlögl R. Chemische Batterien mit CO
2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schlögl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Deutschland
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Abstract
Efforts to obtain raw materials from CO2 by catalytic reduction as a means of combating greenhouse gas emissions are pushing the boundaries of the chemical industry. The dimensions of modern energy regimes, on the one hand, and the necessary transport and trade of globally produced renewable energy, on the other, will require the use of chemical batteries in conjunction with the local production of renewable electricity. The synthesis of methanol is an important option for chemical batteries and will, for that reason, be described here in detail. It is also shown that the necessary, robust, and fundamental understanding of processes and the material science of catalysts for the hydrogenation of CO2 does not yet exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schlögl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische EnergiekonversionStiftstrasse 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-GesellschaftFaradayweg 4–614195BerlinGermany
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Pandit L, Boubnov A, Behrendt G, Mockenhaupt B, Chowdhury C, Jelic J, Hansen A, Saraçi E, Ras E, Behrens M, Studt F, Grunwaldt J. Unravelling the Zn‐Cu Interaction during Activation of a Zn‐promoted Cu/MgO Model Methanol Catalyst. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Pandit
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Alexey Boubnov
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Gereon Behrendt
- Faculty of Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) University of Duisburg-Essen 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Benjamin Mockenhaupt
- Faculty of Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) University of Duisburg-Essen 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Chandra Chowdhury
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Jelena Jelic
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Anna‐Lena Hansen
- Institute of Applied Materials (IAM) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Erisa Saraçi
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Erik‐Jan Ras
- Avantium Technologies B.V. 1014 BV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Malte Behrens
- Faculty of Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) University of Duisburg-Essen 45141 Essen Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Christian-Albrechts University Kiel 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Felix Studt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Jan‐Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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Romero M, Mombrú D, Pignanelli F, Faccio R, Mombrú ÁW. From Chain- to Graphene-like Hydroxyl-terminated (ZnO) n Clusters with n≤6 Obtained via Zinc Dimethoxide Hydrolysis and Condensation: Ab initio Structural, Electronic, Vibrational and Optical Properties Calculations. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:849-863. [PMID: 33646619 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports are focusing on the structural evolution from the atomic-scale and also at the expenses of alkyl zinc alkoxide precursors towards (ZnO)n clusters and nanostructures with different interesting motifs, but still not much is known about their electronic properties. In this manuscript, we present a theoretical study using DFT and TD-DFT methodologies on the hydrolysis and condensation of zinc dimethoxide precursor in its monomeric, dimeric and trimeric forms towards thermodynamically stable hydroxyl-terminated (ZnO)n clusters with novel chain- and graphene-like fashions. For all cases, distinct vibrational and optical spectra features were assigned evidencing a global monotonic decrease in the opto-electronic gap with increasing oligomerization and cyclization stages. In addition, the electron-affinity of all clusters was also observed to be enhanced with increasing oligomerization and cyclization stages and the electronic charge localization in -e charged clusters was observed to be strongly related to the presence of zinc-oxo subunits and other particular structural features. Our calculations also indicate that the stabilization through hydroxyl termination of both chain- and graphene-like ZnO clusters not only could be a promising driving force to obtain larger atomic-scale 1D and 2D nanostructures but also envisage interesting properties, particularly as electronic acceptor materials for energy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Romero
- Centro NanoMat & Área Física, Departamento de Experimentación y Teoría de la Estructura de la Materia y sus Aplicaciones (DETEMA), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Dominique Mombrú
- Centro NanoMat & Área Física, Departamento de Experimentación y Teoría de la Estructura de la Materia y sus Aplicaciones (DETEMA), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fernando Pignanelli
- Centro NanoMat & Área Física, Departamento de Experimentación y Teoría de la Estructura de la Materia y sus Aplicaciones (DETEMA), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ricardo Faccio
- Centro NanoMat & Área Física, Departamento de Experimentación y Teoría de la Estructura de la Materia y sus Aplicaciones (DETEMA), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Álvaro W Mombrú
- Centro NanoMat & Área Física, Departamento de Experimentación y Teoría de la Estructura de la Materia y sus Aplicaciones (DETEMA), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Frei E, Gaur A, Lichtenberg H, Heine C, Friedrich M, Greiner M, Lunkenbein T, Grunwaldt J, Schlögl R. Activating a Cu/ZnO : Al Catalyst – Much More than Reduction: Decomposition, Self‐Doping and Polymorphism. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elias Frei
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryFritz-Haber Institut der Max-Planck Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Abhijeet Gaur
- Karlsruher Institut für TechnologieITCP and IKFT Engesserstr. 20 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Henning Lichtenberg
- Karlsruher Institut für TechnologieITCP and IKFT Engesserstr. 20 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Christian Heine
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryFritz-Haber Institut der Max-Planck Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Matthias Friedrich
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryFritz-Haber Institut der Max-Planck Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Mark Greiner
- Department of Heterogeneous ReactionsMax-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34–36 45470 Mühlheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Thomas Lunkenbein
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryFritz-Haber Institut der Max-Planck Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Jan‐Dierk Grunwaldt
- Karlsruher Institut für TechnologieITCP and IKFT Engesserstr. 20 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryFritz-Haber Institut der Max-Planck Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Germany
- Department of Heterogeneous ReactionsMax-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34–36 45470 Mühlheim an der Ruhr Germany
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Tosoni S, Pacchioni G. Oxide‐Supported Gold Clusters and Nanoparticles in Catalysis: A Computational Chemistry Perspective. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Tosoni
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei MaterialiUniversità di Milano Bicocca Via Roberto Cozzi 55 Milano I-20125 Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pacchioni
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei MaterialiUniversità di Milano Bicocca Via Roberto Cozzi 55 Milano I-20125 Italy
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Von Hippel Award: C. N. R. Rao / Meyer Galow Prize: M. Heitzmann / Ernst Haage Prize: H. Oberhofer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1145. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201712573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Von-Hippel-Preis: C. N. R. Rao / Ernst-Haage-Preis: H. Oberhofer / Meyer-Galow-Preis: M. Heitzmann. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201712573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Hu J, Song Y, Huang J, Li Y, Chen M, Wan H. New Insights into the Role of Al 2 O 3 in the Promotion of CuZnAl Catalysts: A Model Study. Chemistry 2017; 23:10632-10637. [PMID: 28544004 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The Cu/Al2 O3 /ZnO(0001)-Zn ternary model catalysts and their binary analogues were prepared and characterized. It was found that Al2 O3 grew on the ZnO(0001)-Zn surface by a layer-by-layer model, whereas Cu grew on the ZnO(0001)-Zn surface as two-dimensional clusters up to 0.2 monolayers (ML), and thereafter formed three-dimensional clusters. Because of the layer-by-layer growth of Al2 O3 on the ZnO(0001)-Zn, Cu/Al2 O3 can be considered without the effect of ZnO. Ternary model catalyst Cu/Al2 O3 /ZnO(0001)-Zn, which has all three parts on the surface, was prepared by deposition of Cu on the surface of Al2 O3 /ZnO(0001)-Zn. Low-energy ion scattering spectra showed that Cu preferred to locate at the Al2 O3 /ZnO interfaces. Compared with Cu/ZnO, the addition of Al2 O3 obviously suppressed the reduction of copper oxides and led to a higher concentration of Cu+ . The Cu clusters were found to be covered by thin ZnOx overlayers after reduction of Cu/Al2 O3 /ZnO(0001)-Zn by using H2 . Therefore, the high activity of industrial Cu/ZnO/Al2 O3 catalysts may origin from Cu+ -rich clusters at the Al2 O3 /ZnO interface that are covered by thin ZnOx overlayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Yanying Song
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Yangyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Mingshu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Huilin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, P. R. China
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Großmann D, Klementiev K, Sinev I, Grünert W. Surface Alloy or Metal-Cation Interaction-The State of Zn Promoting the Active Cu Sites in Methanol Synthesis Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201601102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Großmann
- Lehrstuhl Technische Chemie; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; P.O. Box 102148 44780 Bochum Germany
- Present address: Sasol; Germany, GmbH Paul-Baumann-Str. 1 45772 Marl Germany
| | - Konstantin Klementiev
- Alba Synchrotron; 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès Barcelona Spain
- Present address: MAX IV Laboratory; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - Ilya Sinev
- Lehrstuhl Technische Chemie; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; P.O. Box 102148 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Wolfgang Grünert
- Lehrstuhl Technische Chemie; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; P.O. Box 102148 44780 Bochum Germany
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Behrens M. Promoting the Synthesis of Methanol: Understanding the Requirements for an Industrial Catalyst for the Conversion of CO2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:14906-14908. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malte Behrens
- Faculty of Chemistry (Inorganic Chemistry) and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE); University of Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstrasse 7 45114 Essen Germany
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Behrens M. Promotierungseffekte in der Methanolsynthese: Verständnis eines industriellen Katalysators für die Umsetzung von CO2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201607600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malte Behrens
- Fakultät für Chemie (Anorganische Chemie) und Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE); Universität Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstr. 7 45114 Essen Deutschland
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Studt F, Behrens M, Kunkes EL, Thomas N, Zander S, Tarasov A, Schumann J, Frei E, Varley JB, Abild‐Pedersen F, Nørskov JK, Schlögl R. The Mechanism of CO and CO
2
Hydrogenation to Methanol over Cu‐Based Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Studt
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 (USA)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (USA)
| | - Malte Behrens
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz‐Haber‐Institut der Max‐Planck‐Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4–6, 14195 Berlin (Germany)
- Faculty of Chemistry and CENIDE, Universität Duisburg‐Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5–7, 45141 Essen (Germany)
| | - Edward L. Kunkes
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz‐Haber‐Institut der Max‐Planck‐Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4–6, 14195 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Nygil Thomas
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz‐Haber‐Institut der Max‐Planck‐Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4–6, 14195 Berlin (Germany)
- Present address: Postgraduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Nirmalagiri College, Kerala, India
| | - Stefan Zander
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz‐Haber‐Institut der Max‐Planck‐Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4–6, 14195 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Andrey Tarasov
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz‐Haber‐Institut der Max‐Planck‐Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4–6, 14195 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Julia Schumann
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz‐Haber‐Institut der Max‐Planck‐Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4–6, 14195 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Elias Frei
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz‐Haber‐Institut der Max‐Planck‐Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4–6, 14195 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Joel B. Varley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (USA)
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550 (USA)
| | - Frank Abild‐Pedersen
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 (USA)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (USA)
| | - Jens K. Nørskov
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 (USA)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (USA)
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz‐Haber‐Institut der Max‐Planck‐Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4–6, 14195 Berlin (Germany)
- Heterogeneous Reactions Department, Max‐Planck‐Institut for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34–36, 45470 Mühlheim an der Ruhr (Germany)
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Abstract
A heterogeneous catalyst is a functional material that continually creates active sites with its reactants under reaction conditions. These sites change the rates of chemical reactions of the reactants localized on them without changing the thermodynamic equilibrium between the materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schlögl
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin (Germany) http://www.fhi-berlin.mpg.de http://www.cec.mpg.de; Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim a.d. Ruhr (Germany).
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Lunkenbein T, Schumann J, Behrens M, Schlögl R, Willinger MG. Formation of a ZnO Overlayer in Industrial Cu/ZnO/Al2O3Catalysts Induced by Strong Metal-Support Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201411581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lunkenbein T, Schumann J, Behrens M, Schlögl R, Willinger MG. Formation of a ZnO Overlayer in Industrial Cu/ZnO/Al2O3Catalysts Induced by Strong Metal-Support Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:4544-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201411581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Behrens M. Heterogeneous Catalysis of CO2Conversion to Methanol on Copper Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:12022-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Schumann J, Lunkenbein T, Tarasov A, Thomas N, Schlögl R, Behrens M. Synthesis and Characterisation of a Highly Active Cu/ZnO:Al Catalyst. ChemCatChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201402278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Fichtl MB, Schumann J, Kasatkin I, Jacobsen N, Behrens M, Schlögl R, Muhler M, Hinrichsen O. Counting of Oxygen Defects versus Metal Surface Sites in Methanol Synthesis Catalysts by Different Probe Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201400575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fichtl MB, Schumann J, Kasatkin I, Jacobsen N, Behrens M, Schlögl R, Muhler M, Hinrichsen O. Counting of Oxygen Defects versus Metal Surface Sites in Methanol Synthesis Catalysts by Different Probe Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:7043-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201400575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kuld S, Conradsen C, Moses PG, Chorkendorff I, Sehested J. Quantification of Zinc Atoms in a Surface Alloy on Copper in an Industrial-Type Methanol Synthesis Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201311073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kuld S, Conradsen C, Moses PG, Chorkendorff I, Sehested J. Quantification of zinc atoms in a surface alloy on copper in an industrial-type methanol synthesis catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:5941-5. [PMID: 24764288 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201311073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Methanol has recently attracted renewed interest because of its potential importance as a solar fuel. Methanol is also an important bulk chemical that is most efficiently formed over the industrial Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst. The identity of the active site and, in particular, the role of ZnO as a promoter for this type of catalyst is still under intense debate. Structural changes that are strongly dependent on the pretreatment method have now been observed for an industrial-type methanol synthesis catalyst. A combination of chemisorption, reaction, and spectroscopic techniques provides a consistent picture of surface alloying between copper and zinc. This analysis enables a reinterpretation of the methods that have been used for the determination of the Cu surface area and provides an opportunity to independently quantify the specific Cu and Zn areas. This method may also be applied to other systems where metal-support interactions are important, and this work generally addresses the role of the carrier and the nature of the interactions between carrier and metal in heterogeneous catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kuld
- Haldor Topsøe Research Laboratories, Nymøllevej 55, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby (Denmark)
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