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Kikuchi K, Adair LD, Lin J, New EJ, Kaur A. Photochemical Mechanisms of Fluorophores Employed in Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202204745. [PMID: 36177530 PMCID: PMC10100239 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Decoding cellular processes requires visualization of the spatial distribution and dynamic interactions of biomolecules. It is therefore not surprising that innovations in imaging technologies have facilitated advances in biomedical research. The advent of super-resolution imaging technologies has empowered biomedical researchers with the ability to answer long-standing questions about cellular processes at an entirely new level. Fluorescent probes greatly enhance the specificity and resolution of super-resolution imaging experiments. Here, we introduce key super-resolution imaging technologies, with a brief discussion on single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM). We evaluate the chemistry and photochemical mechanisms of fluorescent probes employed in SMLM. This Review provides guidance on the identification and adoption of fluorescent probes in single molecule localization microscopy to inspire the design of next-generation fluorescent probes amenable to single-molecule imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kikuchi
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 305, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Liam D Adair
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jiarun Lin
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J New
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 305, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Caprice K, Aster A, Cougnon FBL, Kumpulainen T. Untying the Photophysics of Quinolinium-Based Molecular Knots and Links. Chemistry 2020; 26:1576-1587. [PMID: 31670851 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Complex molecular knots and links are still difficult to synthesize and the properties arising from their topology are mostly unknown. Here, we report on a comparative photophysical study carried out on a family of closely related quinolinium-based knots and links to determine the impact exerted by topology on the molecular backbone. Our results indicate that topology has a negligible influence on the behavior of loosely braided molecules, which mostly behave like their unbraided equivalents. On the other hand, tightly braided molecules display distinct features. Their higher packing density results in a pronounced ability to resist deformation, a significant reduction in the solvent-accessible surface area and favors close-range π-π interactions between the quinolinium units and neighboring aromatics. Finally, the sharp alteration in behavior between loosely and tightly braided molecules sheds light on the factors contributing to braiding tightness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Caprice
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Aster
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fabien B L Cougnon
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tatu Kumpulainen
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, Geneva, Switzerland
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Weisenburger S, Jing B, Hänni D, Reymond L, Schuler B, Renn A, Sandoghdar V. Cryogenic colocalization microscopy for nanometer-distance measurements. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:763-70. [PMID: 24677759 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201301080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The main limiting factor in spatial resolution of localization microscopy is the number of detected photons. Recently we showed that cryogenic measurements improve the photostability of fluorophores, giving access to Angstrom precision in localization of single molecules. Here, we extend this method to colocalize two fluorophores attached to well-defined positions of a double-stranded DNA. By measuring the separations of the fluorophore pairs prepared at different design positions, we verify the feasibility of cryogenic distance measurement with sub-nanometer accuracy. We discuss the important challenges of our method as well as its potential for further improvement and various applications.
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