1
|
Zheng Y, Liu Y, Wu Z, Peng C, Wang Z, Yan J, Yan Y, Li Z, Liu C, Xue J, Tan H, Fu Q, Ding M. Photoallosteric Polymersomes toward On-Demand Drug Delivery and Multimodal Cancer Immunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210986. [PMID: 36852633 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Allosteric transitions can modulate the self-assembly and biological function of proteins. It remains, however, tremendously challenging to design synthetic allosteric polymeric assemblies with spatiotemporally switchable hierarchical structures and functionalities. Here, a photoallosteric polymersome is constructed that undergoes a rapid conformational transition from β-sheet to α-helix upon exposure to near-infrared light irradiation. In addition to improving nanoparticle cell penetration and lysosome escape, photoinduced allosteric behavior reconstructs the vesicular membrane structure, which stimulates the release of hydrophilic cytolytic peptide melittin and hydrophobic kinase inhibitor sorafenib. Combining on-demand delivery of multiple therapeutics with phototherapy results in apoptosis and immunogenic death of tumor cells, remold the immune microenvironment and achieve an excellent synergistic anticancer efficacy in vivo without tumor recurrence and metastasis. Such a light-modulated allosteric transition in non-photosensitive polymers provides new insight into the development of smart nanomaterials for biosensing and drug delivery applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zhongchao Wu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Chuan Peng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zuojie Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jingyue Yan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yue Yan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zifen Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Congcong Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jianxin Xue
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Hong Tan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Mingming Ding
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pottanam Chali S, Hüwel S, Rentmeister A, Ravoo BJ. Self-Assembled Cationic Polypeptide Supramolecular Nanogels for Intracellular DNA Delivery. Chemistry 2021; 27:12198-12206. [PMID: 34125454 PMCID: PMC8457085 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular nanogels are an emerging class of polymer nanocarriers for intracellular delivery, due to their straightforward preparation, biocompatibility, and capability to spontaneously encapsulate biologically active components such as DNA. A completely biodegradable three-component cationic supramolecular nanogel was designed exploiting the multivalent host-guest interaction of cyclodextrin and adamantane attached to a polypeptide backbone. While cyclodextrin was conjugated to linear poly-L-lysine, adamantane was grafted to linear as well as star shaped poly-L-lysine. Size control of nanogels was obtained with the increase in the length of the host and guest polymer. Moreover, smaller nanogels were obtained using the star shaped polymers because of the compact nature of star polymers compared to linear polymers. Nanogels were loaded with anionic model cargoes, pyranine and carboxyfluorescein, and their enzyme responsive release was studied using protease trypsin. Confocal microscopy revealed successful transfection of mammalian HeLa cells and intracellular release of pyranine and plasmid DNA, as quantified using a luciferase assay, showing that supramolecular polypeptide nanogels have significant potential in gene therapy applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharafudheen Pottanam Chali
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Centre for Soft NanoscienceWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstrasse 3648149MünsterGermany
| | - Sabine Hüwel
- Institute of BiochemistryWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstrasse 3648149MünsterGermany
| | - Andrea Rentmeister
- Institute of BiochemistryWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstrasse 3648149MünsterGermany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Centre for Soft NanoscienceWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstrasse 3648149MünsterGermany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Moratz J, Stricker L, Engel S, Ravoo BJ. Controlling Complex Stability in Photoresponsive Macromolecular Host–Guest Systems: Toward Reversible Capture of DNA by Cyclodextrin Vesicles. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 39. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Moratz
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft NanoscienceWestfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster Corrensstr. 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Lucas Stricker
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft NanoscienceWestfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster Corrensstr. 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Sabrina Engel
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft NanoscienceWestfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster Corrensstr. 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft NanoscienceWestfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster Corrensstr. 40 48149 Münster Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bacteria‐Assisted Activation of Antimicrobial Polypeptides by a Random‐Coil to Helix Transition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
5
|
Xiong M, Han Z, Song Z, Yu J, Ying H, Yin L, Cheng J. Bacteria‐Assisted Activation of Antimicrobial Polypeptides by a Random‐Coil to Helix Transition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:10826-10829. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Menghua Xiong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1304 W. Green Street Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Zhiyuan Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1304 W. Green Street Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Ziyuan Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1304 W. Green Street Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1304 W. Green Street Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Hanze Ying
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1304 W. Green Street Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Lichen Yin
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1304 W. Green Street Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lyu Y, Cui D, Sun H, Miao Y, Duan H, Pu K. Dendronized Semiconducting Polymer as Photothermal Nanocarrier for Remote Activation of Gene Expression. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201705543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lyu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637457 Singapore
| | - Dong Cui
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637457 Singapore
| | - He Sun
- School of Biological Science; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637551 Singapore
| | - Yansong Miao
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637457 Singapore
- School of Biological Science; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637551 Singapore
| | - Hongwei Duan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637457 Singapore
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637457 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lyu Y, Cui D, Sun H, Miao Y, Duan H, Pu K. Dendronized Semiconducting Polymer as Photothermal Nanocarrier for Remote Activation of Gene Expression. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [PMID: 28628725 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of transgene systems is needed to develop innovative medicines. However, noninvasive remote control of gene expression has been rarely developed and remains challenging. We herein synthesize a near-infrared (NIR) absorbing dendronized semiconducting polymer (DSP) and utilize it as a photothermal nanocarrier not only to efficiently deliver genes but also to spatiotemporally control gene expression in conjunction with heat-inducible promoter. DSP has a high photothermal conversion efficiency (44.2 %) at 808 nm, permitting fast transduction of NIR light into thermal signals for intracellular activation of transcription. Such a DSP-mediated remote activation can rapidly and safely result in 25- and 4.5-fold increases in the expression levels of proteins in living cells and mice, respectively. This study thus provides a promising approach to optically regulate transgene systems for on-demand therapeutic transgene dosing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lyu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Dong Cui
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - He Sun
- School of Biological Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Yansong Miao
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457, Singapore.,School of Biological Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Hongwei Duan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tran C, Berqouch N, Dhimane H, Clermont G, Blanchard-Desce M, Ogden D, Dalko PI. Quinoline-Derived Two-Photon Sensitive Quadrupolar Probes. Chemistry 2017; 23:1860-1868. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Tran
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie, Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques; Université Paris Descartes; 45, rue des Saints-Pères 75270 Paris Cedex 06 France
| | - Nawel Berqouch
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie, Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques; Université Paris Descartes; 45, rue des Saints-Pères 75270 Paris Cedex 06 France
| | - Hamid Dhimane
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie, Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques; Université Paris Descartes; 45, rue des Saints-Pères 75270 Paris Cedex 06 France
| | - Guillaume Clermont
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS UMR5255); Bâtiment A12, 351, Cours de la Libération 33405 Talence Cedex France
| | - Mireille Blanchard-Desce
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS UMR5255); Bâtiment A12, 351, Cours de la Libération 33405 Talence Cedex France
| | - David Ogden
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cérébrale; Université Paris Descartes; 45, rue des Saints-Pères 75270 Paris Cedex 06 France
| | - Peter I. Dalko
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie, Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques; Université Paris Descartes; 45, rue des Saints-Pères 75270 Paris Cedex 06 France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Self-Assembly of α-Helical Polypeptides Driven by Complex Coacervation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:11128-32. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
10
|
Priftis D, Leon L, Song Z, Perry SL, Margossian KO, Tropnikova A, Cheng J, Tirrell M. Self-Assembly of α-Helical Polypeptides Driven by Complex Coacervation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
11
|
Yuan Y, Zhang CJ, Liu B. A Photoactivatable AIE Polymer for Light-Controlled Gene Delivery: Concurrent Endo/Lysosomal Escape and DNA Unpacking. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201503640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
12
|
Yuan Y, Zhang C, Liu B. A Photoactivatable AIE Polymer for Light‐Controlled Gene Delivery: Concurrent Endo/Lysosomal Escape and DNA Unpacking. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:11419-23. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youyong Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive, Singapore 117585 (Singapore)
| | - Chong‐Jing Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive, Singapore 117585 (Singapore)
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive, Singapore 117585 (Singapore)
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 3 Research Link, Singapore, 117602 (Singapore)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
deRonde BM, Birke A, Tew GN. Design of aromatic-containing cell-penetrating peptide mimics with structurally modified π electronics. Chemistry 2015; 21:3013-9. [PMID: 25537501 PMCID: PMC4397966 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) and their synthetic mimics (CPPMs) represent a class of molecules that facilitate the intracellular delivery of various cargo. Previous studies indicated that the presence of aromatic functionalities improved CPPM activity. Given that aromatic functionalities play prominent roles in membrane biology and participate in various π interactions, we explored whether these interactions could be optimized for improved CPPM activity. CPPMs were synthesized by ring-opening metathesis polymerization by using monomers that contained aromatic rings substituted with electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups and covered an electrostatic potential range from -29.69 to +15.57 kcal mol(-1) . These groups altered the quadrupole moments of the aromatic systems and were used to test if such structural modifications changed CPPM activity. CPPMs were added to dye-loaded vesicles and the release of carboxyfluorescein was monitored as a function of polymer concentration. Changes in the effective polymer concentration to release 50% of the dye (effective concentration, EC50 ) were monitored. Results from this assay showed that the strength of the electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups incorporated in the CPPMs did not alter polymer EC50 values or activity. This suggests that other design parameters may have a stronger impact on CPPM activity. In addition, these results indicate that a wide range of aromatic groups can be incorporated without negatively impacting polymer activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M. deRonde
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, Fax: (+1) 413-545-0082
| | - Alexander Birke
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, Fax: (+1) 413-545-0082
| | - Gregory N. Tew
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, Fax: (+1) 413-545-0082
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, Fax: (+1) 413-545-0082
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Moratz J, Samanta A, Voskuhl J, Mohan Nalluri SK, Ravoo BJ. Light-triggered capture and release of DNA and proteins by host-guest binding and electrostatic interaction. Chemistry 2015; 21:3271-7. [PMID: 25585879 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The development of an effective and general delivery method that can be applied to a large variety of structurally diverse biomolecules remains a bottleneck in modern drug therapy. Herein, we present a supramolecular system for the dynamic trapping and light-stimulated release of both DNA and proteins. Self-assembled ternary complexes act as nanoscale carriers, comprising vesicles of amphiphilic cyclodextrin, the target biomolecules and linker molecules with an azobenzene unit and a charged functionality. The non-covalent linker binds to the cyclodextrin by host-guest complexation with the azobenzene. Proteins or DNA are then bound to the functionalized vesicles through multivalent electrostatic attraction. The photoresponse of the host-guest complex allows a light-induced switch from the multivalent state that can bind the biomolecules to the low-affinity state of the free linker, thereby providing external control over the cargo release. The major advantage of this delivery approach is the wide variety of targets that can be addressed by multivalent electrostatic interaction, which we demonstrate on four types of DNA and six different proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Moratz
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Graduate School of Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster (Germany)
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sun T, Zhang YS, Pang B, Hyun DC, Yang M, Xia Y. Engineered nanoparticles for drug delivery in cancer therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:12320-64. [PMID: 25294565 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 720] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In medicine, nanotechnology has sparked a rapidly growing interest as it promises to solve a number of issues associated with conventional therapeutic agents, including their poor water solubility (at least, for most anticancer drugs), lack of targeting capability, nonspecific distribution, systemic toxicity, and low therapeutic index. Over the past several decades, remarkable progress has been made in the development and application of engineered nanoparticles to treat cancer more effectively. For example, therapeutic agents have been integrated with nanoparticles engineered with optimal sizes, shapes, and surface properties to increase their solubility, prolong their circulation half-life, improve their biodistribution, and reduce their immunogenicity. Nanoparticles and their payloads have also been favorably delivered into tumors by taking advantage of the pathophysiological conditions, such as the enhanced permeability and retention effect, and the spatial variations in the pH value. Additionally, targeting ligands (e.g., small organic molecules, peptides, antibodies, and nucleic acids) have been added to the surface of nanoparticles to specifically target cancerous cells through selective binding to the receptors overexpressed on their surface. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that multiple types of therapeutic drugs and/or diagnostic agents (e.g., contrast agents) could be delivered through the same carrier to enable combination therapy with a potential to overcome multidrug resistance, and real-time readout on the treatment efficacy. It is anticipated that precisely engineered nanoparticles will emerge as the next-generation platform for cancer therapy and many other biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianmeng Sun
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332 (USA)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sun T, Zhang YS, Pang B, Hyun DC, Yang M, Xia Y. Maßgeschneiderte Nanopartikel für den Wirkstofftransport in der Krebstherapie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
17
|
Zhang QM, Xu W, Serpe MJ. Optical Devices Constructed from Multiresponsive Microgels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:4827-31. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
18
|
Zhang QM, Xu W, Serpe MJ. Optical Devices Constructed from Multiresponsive Microgels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201402641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|