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Zheng F, Guo D, Huang L, Wong LW, Chen X, Wang C, Cai Y, Wang N, Lee C, Lau SP, Ly TH, Ji W, Zhao J. Sub-Nanometer Electron Beam Phase Patterning in 2D Materials. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200702. [PMID: 35723437 PMCID: PMC9376820 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Phase patterning in polymorphic two-dimensional (2D) materials offers diverse properties that extend beyond what their pristine structures can achieve. If precisely controllable, phase transitions can bring exciting new applications for nanometer-scale devices and ultra-large-scale integrations. Here, the focused electron beam is capable of triggering the phase transition from the semiconducting T'' phase to metallic T' and T phases in 2D rhenium disulfide (ReS2 ) and rhenium diselenide (ReSe2 ) monolayers, rendering ultra-precise phase patterning technique even in sub-nanometer scale is found. Based on knock-on effects and strain analysis, the phase transition mechanism on the created atomic vacancies and the introduced substantial in-plane compressive strain in 2D layers are clarified. This in situ high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and in situ electrical characterizations agree well with the density functional theory (DFT) calculation results for the atomic structures, electronic properties, and phase transition mechanisms. Grain boundary engineering and electrical contact engineering in 2D are thus developed based on this patterning technique. The patterning method exhibits great potential in ultra-precise electron beam lithography as a scalable top-down manufacturing method for future atomic-scale devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Zheng
- Department of Applied PhysicsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloon999077Hong Kong
- China & Polytechnic University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhen518000China
| | - Deping Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro‐nano DevicesDepartment of PhysicsRenmin University of ChinaBeijing100872China
| | - Lingli Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super‐Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF)City University of Hong KongKowloon999077Hong Kong
- China & City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhen518000China
| | - Lok Wing Wong
- Department of Applied PhysicsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloon999077Hong Kong
- China & Polytechnic University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhen518000China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super‐Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF)City University of Hong KongKowloon999077Hong Kong
- China & City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhen518000China
| | - Cong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro‐nano DevicesDepartment of PhysicsRenmin University of ChinaBeijing100872China
| | - Yuan Cai
- Department of PhysicsHong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear water bayHong Kong999077China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of PhysicsHong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear water bayHong Kong999077China
| | - Chun‐Sing Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super‐Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF)City University of Hong KongKowloon999077Hong Kong
- China & City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhen518000China
| | - Shu Ping Lau
- Department of Applied PhysicsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloon999077Hong Kong
- China & Polytechnic University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhen518000China
| | - Thuc Hue Ly
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super‐Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF)City University of Hong KongKowloon999077Hong Kong
- China & City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhen518000China
| | - Wei Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro‐nano DevicesDepartment of PhysicsRenmin University of ChinaBeijing100872China
| | - Jiong Zhao
- Department of Applied PhysicsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloon999077Hong Kong
- China & Polytechnic University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhen518000China
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Chao D, DeBlock R, Lai CH, Wei Q, Dunn B, Fan HJ. Amorphous VO 2 : A Pseudocapacitive Platform for High-Rate Symmetric Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2103736. [PMID: 34651351 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Among the various VO2 polymorphs, the layered compound, VO2 (B), has been the most widely investigated lithium-ion battery electrode material. For sodium-ion electrodes, however, an amorphous solid may be more advantageous as a result of the open framework to facilitate ion insertion and the ability to tolerate volumetric changes. Herein, it is shown that the Na+ insertion properties of amorphous VO2 (a-VO2 ) are superior to those of crystalline VO2 (B). Amorphous VO2 exhibits a linear voltage characteristic over a 3 V range (4.0 to 1.0 V vs Na/Na+ ) leading to a reversible capacity as high as 400 mAh g-1 and rapid redox kinetics, which is attributed to its pseudocapacitive nature. The linear voltage characteristic over 3 V affords the opportunity of fabricating a symmetric Na-ion battery in which the a-VO2 material serves as both the positive electrode and the negative electrode. Such a symmetric battery offers safer operation in terms of overcharging, overdischarging, polarity reversal, high charge/discharge current abuse, and long-term usage. The results suggest that amorphous transition metal oxides may offer advantageous attributes for rapid, safe, and energy-dense storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Chao
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ryan DeBlock
- NRC Postdoctoral Associate at the Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, 20375, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Chun-Han Lai
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Qiulong Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Bruce Dunn
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hong Jin Fan
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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Li B, Xie L, Wang Z, Chen S, Ren H, Chen Y, Wang C, Zhang G, Jiang J, Zou C. Electron–Proton Co‐doping‐Induced Metal–Insulator Transition in VO
2
Film via Surface Self‐Assembled
l
‐Ascorbic Acid Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13711-13716. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230029 China
| | - Liyan Xie
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceSchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Zhaowu Wang
- School of Physics and EngineeringHenan University of Science and TechnologyHenan Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Energy Storage Materials and Applications Luoyang Henan 471023 China
| | - Shi Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230029 China
| | - Hui Ren
- National Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230029 China
| | - Yuliang Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230029 China
| | - Chengming Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceSchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Guobin Zhang
- National Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230029 China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceSchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Chongwen Zou
- National Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230029 China
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4
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Li B, Xie L, Wang Z, Chen S, Ren H, Chen Y, Wang C, Zhang G, Jiang J, Zou C. Electron–Proton Co‐doping‐Induced Metal–Insulator Transition in VO
2
Film via Surface Self‐Assembled
l
‐Ascorbic Acid Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230029 China
| | - Liyan Xie
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceSchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Zhaowu Wang
- School of Physics and EngineeringHenan University of Science and TechnologyHenan Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Energy Storage Materials and Applications Luoyang Henan 471023 China
| | - Shi Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230029 China
| | - Hui Ren
- National Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230029 China
| | - Yuliang Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230029 China
| | - Chengming Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceSchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Guobin Zhang
- National Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230029 China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceSchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Chongwen Zou
- National Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230029 China
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Pan Z, Niu P, Hou Y, Fang Y, Liu M, Wang X. LiCl as Phase-Transfer Catalysts to Synthesize Thin Co 2 P Nanosheets for Oxygen Evolution Reaction. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:1911-1915. [PMID: 30117677 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201801691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic salts have been widely studied as templates for the synthesis of 2D layer structures. However, these salts normally can only serve as templates without any catalytic activity. Here, we report that LiCl used for the synthesis of ultrathin nanosheets not only serves as template for the synthesis of ultrathin Co2 P nanosheets with a thickness of 0.7 nm but also acts as a catalyst that induces the phase-transfer from CoP to Co2 P. The Co2 P nanosheets have a high electrochemical performance for oxygen evolution reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Pingping Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Yidong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Yuanxing Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Minghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Xinchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
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Balogun MS, Luo Y, Lyu F, Wang F, Yang H, Li H, Liang C, Huang M, Huang Y, Tong Y. Carbon Quantum Dot Surface-Engineered VO2 Interwoven Nanowires: A Flexible Cathode Material for Lithium and Sodium Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:9733-44. [PMID: 27028048 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of electrode materials in their powdery form requires binders and conductive additives for the fabrication of the cells, which leads to unsatisfactory energy storage performance. Recently, a new strategy to design flexible, binder-, and additive-free three-dimensional electrodes with nanoscale surface engineering has been exploited in boosting the storage performance of electrode materials. In this paper, we design a new type of free-standing carbon quantum dot coated VO2 interwoven nanowires through a simple fabrication process and demonstrate its potential to be used as cathode material for lithium and sodium ion batteries. The versatile carbon quantum dots that are vastly flexible for surface engineering serve the function of protecting the nanowire surface and play an important role in the diffusion of electrons. Also, the three-dimensional carbon cloth coated with VO2 interwoven nanowires assisted in the diffusion of ions through the inner and the outer surface. With this unique architecture, the carbon quantum dot nanosurface engineered VO2 electrode exhibited capacities of 420 and 328 mAh g(-1) at current density rate of 0.3 C for lithium and sodium storage, respectively. This work serves as a milestone for the potential replacement of lithium ion batteries and next generation postbatteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad-Sadeeq Balogun
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, MOE of the Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University , 135 Xingang West Road, Chemical North Building 325, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yang Luo
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, MOE of the Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University , 135 Xingang West Road, Chemical North Building 325, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Feiyi Lyu
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, MOE of the Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University , 135 Xingang West Road, Chemical North Building 325, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Fuxin Wang
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, MOE of the Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University , 135 Xingang West Road, Chemical North Building 325, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hao Yang
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, MOE of the Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University , 135 Xingang West Road, Chemical North Building 325, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Haibo Li
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, MOE of the Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University , 135 Xingang West Road, Chemical North Building 325, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chaolun Liang
- Instrumental Analysis and Research Centre, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Huang
- EVE Energy Co., Ltd. , Huifeng seventh Road, Zhongkai Hi-Tech Zone, Huizhou Town, Guangdong 516006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongchao Huang
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, MOE of the Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University , 135 Xingang West Road, Chemical North Building 325, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University , Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
| | - Yexiang Tong
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, MOE of the Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University , 135 Xingang West Road, Chemical North Building 325, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University , Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
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7
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Lübke M, Ding N, Powell MJ, Brett DJ, Shearing PR, Liu Z, Darr JA. VO2 nano-sheet negative electrodes for lithium-ion batteries. Electrochem commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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8
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Wu F, Huang C, Wu H, Lee C, Deng K, Kan E, Jena P. Atomically Thin Transition-Metal Dinitrides: High-Temperature Ferromagnetism and Half-Metallicity. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:8277-8281. [PMID: 26575002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
High-temperature ferromagnetic two-dimensional (2D) materials with flat surfaces have been a long-sought goal due to their potential in spintronics applications. Through comprehensive first-principles calculations, we show that the recently synthesized MoN2 monolayer is such a material; it is ferromagnetic with a Curie temperature of nearly 420 K, which is higher than that of any flat 2D magnetic materials studied to date. This novel property, made possible by the electron-deficient nitrogen ions, render transition-metal dinitrides monolayers with unique electronic properties which can be switched from the ferromagnetic metals in MoN2, ZrN2, and TcN2 to half-metallic ones in YN2. Transition-metal dinitrides monolayers may, therefore, serve as good candidates for spintronics devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wu
- School of Science, Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, P. R. China
- Department of Applied Physics and Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials (Ministry of Education), Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, P. R. China
| | - Chengxi Huang
- Department of Applied Physics and Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials (Ministry of Education), Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, P. R. China
| | - Haiping Wu
- Department of Applied Physics and Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials (Ministry of Education), Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, P. R. China
| | - Changhoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology , San31 Hyoia-dong, Namgu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, South Korea
| | - Kaiming Deng
- Department of Applied Physics and Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials (Ministry of Education), Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, P. R. China
| | - Erjun Kan
- Department of Applied Physics and Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials (Ministry of Education), Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, P. R. China
| | - Puru Jena
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
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Powell MJ, Marchand P, Denis CJ, Bear JC, Darr JA, Parkin IP. Direct and continuous synthesis of VO2 nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:18686-18693. [PMID: 26497868 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr04444h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Monoclinic VO2 nanoparticles are of interest due to the material's thermochromic properties, however, direct synthesis routes to VO2 nanoparticles are often inaccessible due to the high synthesis temperatures or long reaction times required. Herein, we present a two-step synthesis route for the preparation of monoclinic VO2 nanoparticles using Continuous Hydrothermal Flow Synthesis (CHFS) followed by a short post heat treatment step. A range of particle sizes, dependent on synthesis conditions, were produced from 50 to 200 nm by varying reaction temperatures and the residence times in the process. The nanoparticles were characterised by powder X-ray diffraction, Raman and UV/Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The nanoparticles were highly crystalline with rod and sphere-like morphologies present in TEM micrographs, with the size of both the rod and spherical particles being highly dependent on both reaction temperature and residence time. SEM micrographs showed the surface of the powders produced from the CHFS process to be highly uniform. The samples were given a short post synthesis heat treatment to ensure that they were phase pure monoclinic VO2, which led to them exhibiting a large and reversible switch in optical properties (at near-IR wavelengths), which suggests that if such materials can be incorporated into coatings or in composites, they could be used for fenestration in architectural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Powell
- University College London, Department of Chemistry, Materials Chemistry Centre, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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