1
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Lauer JC, Bhat AS, Barwig C, Fritz N, Kirschbaum T, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. [2+3] Amide Cages by Oxidation of [2+3] Imine Cages – Revisiting Molecular Hosts for Highly Efficient Nitrate Binding. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201527. [PMID: 35699158 PMCID: PMC9544679 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The pollution of groundwater with nitrate is a serious issue because nitrate can cause several diseases such as methemoglobinemia or cancer. Therefore, selective removal of nitrate by efficient binding to supramolecular hosts is highly desired. Here we describe how to make [2+3] amide cages in very high to quantitative yields by applying an optimized Pinnick oxidation protocol for the conversion of corresponding imine cages. By NMR titration experiments of the eight different [2+3] amide cages with nitrate, chloride and hydrogen sulfate we identified one cage with an unprecedented high selectivity towards nitrate binding vs. chloride (S=705) or hydrogensulfate (S>13500) in CD2Cl2/CD3CN (1 : 3). NMR experiments as well as single‐crystal structure comparison of host‐guest complexes give insight into structure‐property‐relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen C. Lauer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Avinash S. Bhat
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Chantal Barwig
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Nathalie Fritz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Tobias Kirschbaum
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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2
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Damala P, Zdrachek E, Bakker E. Commercially Available Nitrate Ionophores in Potentiometric Sensors Are Not Superior to Common Ion‐Exchangers. ELECTROANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202200247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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3
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Deng C, Bard JP, Lohrman JA, Barker JE, Zakharov LN, Johnson DW, Haley MM. Exploiting the Hydrogen Bond Donor/Acceptor Properties of PN‐Heterocycles: Selective Anion Receptors for Hydrogen Sulfate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201814431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun‐Lin Deng
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science InstituteUniversity of Oregon Eugene OR 97403-1253 USA
| | - Jeremy P. Bard
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science InstituteUniversity of Oregon Eugene OR 97403-1253 USA
| | - Jessica A. Lohrman
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science InstituteUniversity of Oregon Eugene OR 97403-1253 USA
| | - Joshua E. Barker
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science InstituteUniversity of Oregon Eugene OR 97403-1253 USA
| | - Lev N. Zakharov
- CAMCOR-Center for Advanced Materials Characterization in OregonUniversity of Oregon Eugene OR 97403-1443 USA
| | - Darren W. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science InstituteUniversity of Oregon Eugene OR 97403-1253 USA
| | - Michael M. Haley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science InstituteUniversity of Oregon Eugene OR 97403-1253 USA
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4
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Deng C, Bard JP, Lohrman JA, Barker JE, Zakharov LN, Johnson DW, Haley MM. Exploiting the Hydrogen Bond Donor/Acceptor Properties of PN‐Heterocycles: Selective Anion Receptors for Hydrogen Sulfate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3934-3938. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun‐Lin Deng
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403-1253 USA
| | - Jeremy P. Bard
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403-1253 USA
| | - Jessica A. Lohrman
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403-1253 USA
| | - Joshua E. Barker
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403-1253 USA
| | - Lev N. Zakharov
- CAMCOR-Center for Advanced Materials Characterization in Oregon University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403-1443 USA
| | - Darren W. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403-1253 USA
| | - Michael M. Haley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403-1253 USA
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5
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Ji X, Guo C, Chen W, Long L, Zhang G, Khashab NM, Sessler JL. Removal of Anions from Aqueous Media by Means of a Thermoresponsive Calix[4]pyrrole Amphiphilic Polymer. Chemistry 2018; 24:15791-15795. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Ji
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Texas at Austin; 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300 Austin TX 78712-1224 USA
| | - Chenxing Guo
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Texas at Austin; 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300 Austin TX 78712-1224 USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Texas at Austin; 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300 Austin TX 78712-1224 USA
| | - Lingliang Long
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Texas at Austin; 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300 Austin TX 78712-1224 USA
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212013 P. R. China
| | - Gengwu Zhang
- Smart Hybrid Materials (SHMs) Laboratory; Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Niveen M. Khashab
- Smart Hybrid Materials (SHMs) Laboratory; Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Texas at Austin; 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300 Austin TX 78712-1224 USA
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
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6
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Eytel LM, Gilbert AK, Görner P, Zakharov LN, Johnson DW, Haley MM. Do CH-Anion and Anion-π Interactions Alter the Mechanism of 2:1 Host-Guest Complexation in Arylethynyl Monourea Anion Receptors? Chemistry 2017; 23:4051-4054. [PMID: 28198117 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Selective tuning of arylethynyl urea scaffolds for anionic guests requires an understanding of preferred binding motifs of the host-guest interaction. To investigate the binding preference of receptors without a pre-organized binding pocket, two electron-deficient phenylacetylene receptors with a single urea moiety have been prepared and were found to bind halides as 2:1 host-guest complexes that feature key CH-anion or anion-π interactions. These supporting interactions also appear to influence the mechanism of the 2:1 binding event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Eytel
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403-1253, USA
| | - Annie K Gilbert
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403-1253, USA
| | - Paul Görner
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403-1253, USA
| | - Lev N Zakharov
- CAMCOR-Center for Advanced Materials Characterization in Oregon, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403-1443, USA
| | - Darren W Johnson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403-1253, USA
| | - Michael M Haley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403-1253, USA
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7
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Barendt TA, Docker A, Marques I, Félix V, Beer PD. Selective Nitrate Recognition by a Halogen-Bonding Four-Station [3]Rotaxane Molecular Shuttle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:11069-76. [PMID: 27436297 PMCID: PMC5113793 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of the first halogen bonding [3]rotaxane host system containing a bis-iodo triazolium-bis-naphthalene diimide four station axle component is reported. Proton NMR anion binding titration experiments revealed the halogen bonding rotaxane is selective for nitrate over the more basic acetate, hydrogen carbonate and dihydrogen phosphate oxoanions and chloride, and exhibits enhanced recognition of anions relative to a hydrogen bonding analogue. This elaborate interlocked anion receptor functions via a novel dynamic pincer mechanism where upon nitrate anion binding, both macrocycles shuttle from the naphthalene diimide stations at the periphery of the axle to the central halogen bonding iodo-triazolium station anion recognition sites to form a unique 1:1 stoichiometric nitrate anion-rotaxane sandwich complex. Molecular dynamics simulations carried out on the nitrate and chloride halogen bonding [3]rotaxane complexes corroborate the (1) H NMR anion binding results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Barendt
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Andrew Docker
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Igor Marques
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Medical Sciences, iBiMED-Institute of Biomedicine, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vítor Félix
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Medical Sciences, iBiMED-Institute of Biomedicine, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paul D Beer
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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8
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Hartle MD, Hansen RJ, Tresca BW, Prakel SS, Zakharov LN, Haley MM, Pluth MD, Johnson DW. A Synthetic Supramolecular Receptor for the Hydrosulfide Anion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:11480-4. [PMID: 27510286 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) has emerged as a crucial biomolecule in physiology and cellular signaling. Key challenges associated with developing new chemical tools for understanding the biological roles of H2 S include developing platforms that enable reversible binding of this important biomolecule. The first synthetic small molecule receptor for the hydrosulfide anion, HS(-) , using only reversible, hydrogen-bonding interactions in a series of bis(ethynylaniline) derivatives, is reported. Binding constants of up to 90 300±8700 m(-1) were obtained in MeCN. The fundamental science of reversible sulfide binding, in this case featuring a key CH⋅⋅⋅S hydrogen bond, will expand the possibility for discovery of sulfide protein targets and molecular recognition agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Hartle
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403-1253, USA
| | - Ryan J Hansen
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403-1253, USA
| | - Blakely W Tresca
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403-1253, USA
| | - Samuel S Prakel
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403-1253, USA
| | - Lev N Zakharov
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403-1253, USA.,CAMCOR-Center for Advanced Materials Characterization in Oregon, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403-1443, USA
| | - Michael M Haley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403-1253, USA.
| | - Michael D Pluth
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403-1253, USA.
| | - Darren W Johnson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403-1253, USA.
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9
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Hartle MD, Hansen RJ, Tresca BW, Prakel SS, Zakharov LN, Haley MM, Pluth MD, Johnson DW. A Synthetic Supramolecular Receptor for the Hydrosulfide Anion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201605757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Hartle
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Institute of Molecular Biology University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403-1253 USA
| | - Ryan J. Hansen
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Institute of Molecular Biology University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403-1253 USA
| | - Blakely W. Tresca
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Institute of Molecular Biology University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403-1253 USA
| | - Samuel S. Prakel
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Institute of Molecular Biology University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403-1253 USA
| | - Lev N. Zakharov
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Institute of Molecular Biology University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403-1253 USA
- CAMCOR—Center for Advanced Materials Characterization in Oregon University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403-1443 USA
| | - Michael M. Haley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Institute of Molecular Biology University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403-1253 USA
| | - Michael D. Pluth
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Institute of Molecular Biology University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403-1253 USA
| | - Darren W. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Institute of Molecular Biology University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403-1253 USA
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10
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Barendt TA, Docker A, Marques I, Félix V, Beer PD. Selective Nitrate Recognition by a Halogen-Bonding Four-Station [3]Rotaxane Molecular Shuttle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A. Barendt
- Chemistry Research Laboratory; Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Andrew Docker
- Chemistry Research Laboratory; Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Igor Marques
- Department of Chemistry; CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials; Department of Medical Sciences; iBiMED-Institute of Biomedicine; University of Aveiro; 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Vítor Félix
- Department of Chemistry; CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials; Department of Medical Sciences; iBiMED-Institute of Biomedicine; University of Aveiro; 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Paul D. Beer
- Chemistry Research Laboratory; Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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Miros FN, Matile S. Core-Substituted Naphthalenediimides: LUMO Levels Revisited, in Comparison with Preylenediimides with Sulfur Redox Switches in the Core. ChemistryOpen 2016; 5:219-26. [PMID: 27551658 PMCID: PMC4984407 DOI: 10.1002/open.201500222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Core‐substituted naphthalenediimides (NDIs) attract increasing attention to bind, transport, and transform electrons, anions, anionic intermediates, and anionic transition states, and to shine as most colorful rainbow fluorophores. The energy level of their lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) is decisive for many of these applications. Here, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurements for a consistent series of NDIs are reported to extract exact LUMO levels under identical conditions. The influence of primary and secondary substituents in the core and on the primary imides is compared with general trends for the reliable prediction of LUMO levels in functional systems. Emphasis is on sulfur redox switches in the NDI core because of their frequent use as isostructural probes for π acidity. The same sulfur redox chemistry is expanded to perylenediimides (PDIs), and LUMO engineering is discussed in a broader context, including also fullerenes, aminonaphthalimides (ANIs), and aminoperyleneimides (APIs). The result is a comprehensive reference table that graphically maps out the LUMO space covered by the leading families of electronaccepting aromatics. This graphical summary of general trends in the π‐acidic space is expected to be both inspiring and quite useful in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- François N Miros
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
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12
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Miros FN, Zhao Y, Sargsyan G, Pupier M, Besnard C, Beuchat C, Mareda J, Sakai N, Matile S. Enolate Stabilization by Anion-π Interactions: Deuterium Exchange in Malonate Dilactones on π-Acidic Surfaces. Chemistry 2015; 22:2648-57. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- François N. Miros
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland), Fax
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland), Fax
- Institute of Polymers; ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology; P. R. China
| | - Gevorg Sargsyan
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland), Fax
- South Texas College; McAllen Texas USA
| | - Marion Pupier
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland), Fax
| | - Céline Besnard
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland), Fax
| | - César Beuchat
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland), Fax
- AKYADO; Remaufens Switzerland
| | - Jiri Mareda
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland), Fax
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland), Fax
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland), Fax
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13
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Zapata F, Gonzalez L, Caballero A, Alkorta I, Elguero J, Molina P. Dual Role of the 1,2,3-Triazolium Ring as a Hydrogen-Bond Donor and Anion-π Receptor in Anion-Recognition Processes. Chemistry 2015; 21:9797-808. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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14
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Nitrate Anion Recognition in Organic-Aqueous Solvent Mixtures by a Bis(triazolium)acridine-Containing [2]Rotaxane. Chemistry 2015; 21:9397-404. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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16
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Vonnegut CL, Tresca BW, Johnson DW, Haley MM. Ion and molecular recognition using aryl-ethynyl scaffolding. Chem Asian J 2015; 10:522-35. [PMID: 25586943 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201403212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aryl-ethynyl linkage has been extensively employed in the construction of hosts for a variety of guests. Uses range from ion detection (e.g., of metal cations in the environment or industrial waste and of anions prevalent in nature), to molecular mimics for biological systems, and to applications targeting future safety issues (such as CO2 capture and indicators for the manufacture of chemical weapons). This Focus Review examines the utilization of the aryl-ethynyl linkage in engineering host molecules for a variety of different guests, and how the alkyne unit plays an integral part as both a rigid scaffolding section in host geometry design as well as a linker to allow conjugative communication between discrete π-electron systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris L Vonnegut
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1253 (USA)
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17
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Mullaney BR, Partridge BE, Beer PD. A Halogen-Bonding Bis-triazolium Rotaxane for Halide-Selective Anion Recognition. Chemistry 2014; 21:1660-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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18
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Mullaney BR, Thompson AL, Beer PD. An All-Halogen Bonding Rotaxane for Selective Sensing of Halides in Aqueous Media. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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19
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Mullaney BR, Thompson AL, Beer PD. An all-halogen bonding rotaxane for selective sensing of halides in aqueous media. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11458-62. [PMID: 25044414 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and anion binding properties of the first rotaxane host system to bind and sense anions purely through halogen bonding, is described. Through a combination of polarized iodotriazole and iodotriazolium halogen bond donors, a three-dimensional cavity is created for anion binding. This rotaxane incorporates a luminescent rhenium(I) bipyridyl metal sensor motif within the macrocycle component, thus enabling optical study of the anion binding properties. The rotaxane topology was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray structural analysis, demonstrating halogen bonding between the electrophilic iodine atoms and chloride anions. In 50% H2O/CH3CN solvent mixtures the rotaxane host exhibits strong binding affinity and selectivity for chloride, bromide, and iodide over a range of oxoanions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Mullaney
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
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