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Roesky HW, Kushvaha SK, Mishra A, Mondal KC. Recent advances in the domain of Cyclic (alkyl)(amino) carbenes. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202101301. [PMID: 34989475 PMCID: PMC9307053 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Isolation of cyclic (alkyl) amino carbenes (cAACs) in 2005 has been a major achievement in the field of stable carbenes due to their better electronic properties. cAACs and bicyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbene (BicAAC) in essence are the most electrophilic as well as nucleophilic carbenes are known till date. Due to their excellent electronic properties in terms of nucleophilic and electrophilic character, cAACs have been utilized in different areas of chemistry, including stabilization of low valent main group and transition metal species, activation of small molecules, and catalysis. The applications of cAACs in catalysis have opened up new avenues of research in the field of cAAC chemistry. This review summarizes the major results of cAAC chemistry published until August 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert W Roesky
- Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen, Department of Chemistry, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, GERMANY
| | | | - Ankush Mishra
- IIT Madras: Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chemistry, INDIA
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2
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Francisco MAS, Fantuzzi F, Cardozo TM, Esteves PM, Engels B, Oliveira RR. Taming the Antiferromagnetic Beast: Computational Design of Ultrashort Mn-Mn Bonds Stabilized by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Chemistry 2021; 27:12126-12136. [PMID: 34114702 PMCID: PMC8456913 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The development of complexes featuring low-valent, multiply bonded metal centers is an exciting field with several potential applications. In this work, we describe the design principles and extensive computational investigation of new organometallic platforms featuring the elusive manganese-manganese bond stabilized by experimentally realized N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs). By using DFT computations benchmarked against multireference calculations, as well as MO- and VB-based bonding analyses, we could disentangle the various electronic and structural effects contributing to the thermodynamic and kinetic stability, as well as the experimental feasibility, of the systems. In particular, we explored the nature of the metal-carbene interaction and the role of the ancillary η6 coordination to the generation of Mn2 systems featuring ultrashort metal-metal bonds, closed-shell singlet multiplicities, and positive adiabatic singlet-triplet gaps. Our analysis identifies two distinct classes of viable synthetic targets, whose electrostructural properties are thoroughly investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos A. S. Francisco
- Instituto de QuímicaUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroAv. Athos da Silveira Ramos 14921941909Rio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgEmil-Fischer-Straße 4297074WürzburgGermany
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Thiago M. Cardozo
- Instituto de QuímicaUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroAv. Athos da Silveira Ramos 14921941909Rio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Pierre M. Esteves
- Instituto de QuímicaUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroAv. Athos da Silveira Ramos 14921941909Rio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgEmil-Fischer-Straße 4297074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ricardo R. Oliveira
- Instituto de QuímicaUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroAv. Athos da Silveira Ramos 14921941909Rio de JaneiroBrazil
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3
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Liu WC, Kim Y, Gabbaï FP. Conformational Switching through the One-Electron Reduction of an Acridinium-based, γ-Cationic Phosphine Gold Complex. Chemistry 2021; 27:6701-6705. [PMID: 33528859 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Our efforts in the chemistry of gold complexes featuring ambiphilic phosphine-carbenium L/Z-type ligand have led us to consider the reduction of the carbenium moiety as a means to modulate the gold-carbenium interaction present in these complexes. Here, it was shown that the one-electron reduction of [(o-Ph2 P(C6 H4 )Acr)AuCl]+ (Acr=9-N-methylacridinium) produces a neutral stable radical, the structure of which showed a marked increase in the Au-Acr distance. Related structural changes were observed for the phosphine oxide analogue [(o-Ph2 P(O)(C6 H4 )Acr]+ , the reduction of which interfered with the P=O→carbenium interaction. These structural effects, driven by a reduction-induced change in the electronic and electrostatic characteristics of the compounds, showed that the charge and accepting properties of the carbenium unit can be modulated. These results highlight the redox-noninnocence of carbenium Z-type ligand, a feature that can be exploited to induce specific conformational changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Youngmin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - François P Gabbaï
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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4
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Beerhues J, Neubrand M, Sobottka S, Neuman NI, Aberhan H, Chandra S, Sarkar B. Directed Design of a Au I Complex with a Reduced Mesoionic Carbene Radical Ligand: Insights from 1,2,3-Triazolylidene Selenium Adducts and Extensive Electrochemical Investigations. Chemistry 2021; 27:6557-6568. [PMID: 33502818 PMCID: PMC8252451 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Carbene-based radicals are important for both fundamental and applied chemical research. Herein, extensive electrochemical investigations of nine different 1,2,3-triazolylidene selenium adducts are reported. It is found that the half-wave potentials of the first reduction of the selones correlate with their calculated LUMO levels and the LUMO levels of the corresponding triazolylidene-based mesoionic carbenes (MICs). Furthermore, unexpected quasi-reversibility of the reduction of two triazoline selones, exhibiting comparable reduction potentials, was discovered. Through UV/Vis/NIR and EPR spectroelectrochemical investigations supported by DFT calculations, the radical anion was unambiguously assigned to be triazoline centered. This electrochemical behavior was transferred to a triazolylidene-type MIC-gold phenyl complex resulting in a MIC-radical coordinated AuI species. Apart from UV-Vis-NIR and EPR spectroelectrochemical investigations of the reduction, the reduced gold-coordinated MIC radical complex was also formed in situ in the bulk through chemical reduction. This is the first report of a monodentate triazolylidene-based MIC ligand that can be reduced to its anion radical in a metal complex. The results presented here provide design principles for stabilizing radicals based on MICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Beerhues
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische KoordinationschemieInstitut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinFabeckstraße 34–3614195BerlinGermany
| | - Maren Neubrand
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische KoordinationschemieInstitut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Sebastian Sobottka
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinFabeckstraße 34–3614195BerlinGermany
| | - Nicolás I. Neuman
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische KoordinationschemieInstitut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Hannes Aberhan
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinFabeckstraße 34–3614195BerlinGermany
| | - Shubhadeep Chandra
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische KoordinationschemieInstitut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische KoordinationschemieInstitut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinFabeckstraße 34–3614195BerlinGermany
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5
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Schmid P, Fantuzzi F, Klopf J, Schröder NB, Dewhurst RD, Braunschweig H, Engel V, Engels B. Twisting versus Delocalization in CAAC- and NHC-Stabilized Boron-Based Biradicals: The Roles of Sterics and Electronics. Chemistry 2021; 27:5160-5170. [PMID: 33225473 PMCID: PMC8048672 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Twisted boron-based biradicals featuring unsaturated C2 R2 (R=Et, Me) bridges and stabilization by cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes (CAACs) were recently prepared. These species show remarkable geometrical and electronic differences with respect to their unbridged counterparts. Herein, a thorough computational investigation on the origin of their distinct electrostructural properties is performed. It is shown that steric effects are mostly responsible for the preference for twisted over planar structures. The ground-state multiplicity of the twisted structure is modulated by the σ framework of the bridge, and different R groups lead to distinct multiplicities. In line with the experimental data, a planar structure driven by delocalization effects is observed as global minimum for R=H. The synthetic elusiveness of C2 R2 -bridged systems featuring N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) was also investigated. These results could contribute to the engineering of novel main group biradicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Schmid
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgEmil-Fischer-Strasse 4297074WürzburgGermany
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgEmil-Fischer-Strasse 4297074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Jonas Klopf
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgEmil-Fischer-Strasse 4297074WürzburgGermany
| | - Niklas B. Schröder
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgEmil-Fischer-Strasse 4297074WürzburgGermany
| | - Rian D. Dewhurst
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Volker Engel
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgEmil-Fischer-Strasse 4297074WürzburgGermany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgEmil-Fischer-Strasse 4297074WürzburgGermany
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6
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Proetto MT, Alexander K, Melaimi M, Bertrand G, Gianneschi NC. Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Carbene (CAAC) Gold(I) Complexes as Chemotherapeutic Agents. Chemistry 2021; 27:3772-3778. [PMID: 33090571 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Carbenes (CAACs) have become forceful ligands for gold due to their ability to form very strong ligand-metal bonds. Inspired by the success of Auranofin and other gold complexes as antitumor agents, we have studied the cytotoxicity of bis- and mono-CAAC-gold complexes on different cancer cell lines: HeLa (cervical cancer), A549 (lung cancer), HT1080 (fibrosarcoma) and Caov-3 (ovarian cancer). Further investigations aimed at elucidating their mechanism of action are described. This includes quantification of affinities for TrxR, evaluation of their bioavailability and determination of associated cell death process. Moreover, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) was used to study morphological changes upon exposure. Noticeably, a significant reduction in non-specific binding to serum proteins was observed with CAAC complexes when compared to Auranofin. These results confirm the potential of CAAC-gold complexes in biological environments, which may result in more specific drug-target interactions and decreased side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T Proetto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Pharmacology, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Il, 60208, USA
| | - Kelsey Alexander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Mohand Melaimi
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Pharmacology, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Il, 60208, USA
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7
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Schmidbaur H, Raubenheimer HG. Excimer and Exciplex Formation in Gold(I) Complexes Preconditioned by Aurophilic Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14748-14771. [PMID: 32022383 PMCID: PMC7496071 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Excimers and exciplexes are defined as assemblies of atoms or molecules A/A' where interatomic/intermolecular bonding appears only in excited states such as [A2 ]* (for excimers) and [AA']* (for exciplexes). Their formation has become widely known because of their role in gas-phase laser technologies, but their significance in general chemistry terms has been given little attention. Recent investigations in gold chemistry have opened up a new field of excimer and exciplex chemistry that relies largely on the preorganization of gold(I) compounds (electronic configuration AuI (5d10 )) through aurophilic contacts. In the corresponding excimers, a new type of Au⋅⋅⋅Au bonding arises, with bond energies and lengths approaching those of ground-state Au-Au bonds between metal atoms in the Au0 (5d10 6s1 ) and AuII (5d9 ) configurations. Excimer formation gives rise to a broad range of photophysical effects, for which some of the relaxation dynamics have recently been clarified. Excimers have also been shown to play an important role in photoredox binuclear gold catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Schmidbaur
- Department ChemieTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstr. 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Helgard G. Raubenheimer
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer ScienceUniversity of StellenboschPrivate Bag X1Matieland7602South Africa
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8
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Schmidbaur H, Raubenheimer HG. Excimer‐ und Exciplex‐Bildung in durch aurophile Wechselwirkungen präkonditionierten Gold(I)‐ Komplexen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Schmidbaur
- Department Chemie Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching Deutschland
| | - Helgard G. Raubenheimer
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science University of Stellenbosch Private Bag X1 Matieland 7602 Südafrika
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9
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Chan SC, Gupta P, Engelmann X, Ang ZZ, Ganguly R, Bill E, Ray K, Ye S, England J. Observation of Carbodicarbene Ligand Redox Noninnocence in Highly Oxidized Iron Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siu-Chung Chan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Puneet Gupta
- Max-Plank-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Xenia Engelmann
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Zhi Zhong Ang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Eckhard Bill
- Max-Plank-Institut für Chemische Energie Konversion; Stiftstraße 34-36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Kallol Ray
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Shengfa Ye
- Max-Plank-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Jason England
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
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Chan SC, Gupta P, Engelmann X, Ang ZZ, Ganguly R, Bill E, Ray K, Ye S, England J. Observation of Carbodicarbene Ligand Redox Noninnocence in Highly Oxidized Iron Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15717-15722. [PMID: 30239076 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
To probe the possibility that carbodicarbenes (CDCs) are redox active ligands, all four members of the redox series [Fe(1)2 ]n+ (n=2-5) were synthesized, where 1 is a neutral tridentate CDC. Through a combination of spectroscopy and DFT calculations, the electronic structure of the pentacation is shown to be [FeIII (1.+ )2 ]5+ (S= 1 / 2 ). That of [Fe(1)2 ]4+ is more ambiguous, but it has significant contributions from the open-shell singlet [FeIII (1)(1.+ )]4+ (S=0). The observed spin states derive from antiferromagnetic coupling of their constituent low-spin iron(III) centres and cation radical ligands. This marks the first time redox activity has been observed for carbones and expands the diverse chemical behaviour known for these ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu-Chung Chan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Puneet Gupta
- Max-Plank-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Xenia Engelmann
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zhi Zhong Ang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Eckhard Bill
- Max-Plank-Institut für Chemische Energie Konversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Kallol Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shengfa Ye
- Max-Plank-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Jason England
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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11
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Sinhababu S, Kundu S, Paesch AN, Herbst-Irmer R, Stalke D, Fernández I, Frenking G, Stückl AC, Schwederski B, Kaim W, Roesky HW. A Route to Base Coordinate Silicon Difluoride and the Silicon Trifluoride Radical. Chemistry 2018; 24:1264-1268. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Sinhababu
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Göttingen; Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Subrata Kundu
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Göttingen; Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Alexander N. Paesch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Göttingen; Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Regine Herbst-Irmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Göttingen; Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Göttingen; Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro, de Innovación en Química Avanzada; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 35032 Marburg Germany
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis; School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing P.R. China
| | - A. Claudia Stückl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Göttingen; Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Brigitte Schwederski
- Universität Stuttgart; Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kaim
- Universität Stuttgart; Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Herbert W. Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Göttingen; Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
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12
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Larrea CR, Baddeley CJ, Narouz MR, Mosey NJ, Horton JH, Crudden CM. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Self-assembled Monolayers on Copper and Gold: Dramatic Effect of Wingtip Groups on Binding, Orientation and Assembly. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:3536-3539. [PMID: 28960768 PMCID: PMC5765499 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201701045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) on copper are reported. The monolayer structure is highly dependent on the N,N-substituents on the NHC. On both Cu(111) and Au(111), bulky isopropyl substituents force the NHC to bind perpendicular to the metal surface while methyl- or ethyl-substituted NHCs lie flat. Temperature-programmed desorption studies show that the NHC binds to Cu(111) with a desorption energy of Edes =152±10 kJ mol-1 . NHCs that bind upright desorb cleanly, while flat-lying NHCs decompose leaving adsorbed organic residues. Scanning tunneling microscopy of methylated NHCs reveals arrays of covalently linked dimers which transform into adsorbed (NHC)2 Cu species by extraction of a copper atom from the surface after annealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian R. Larrea
- EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFifeUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Mina R. Narouz
- Department of ChemistryQueen's UniversityChernoff HallKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Nicholas J. Mosey
- Department of ChemistryQueen's UniversityChernoff HallKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - J. Hugh Horton
- Department of ChemistryQueen's UniversityChernoff HallKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Cathleen M. Crudden
- Department of ChemistryQueen's UniversityChernoff HallKingstonOntarioCanada
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM)Nagoya University ChikusaNagoyaJapan
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13
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Paul USD, Radius U. What Wanzlick Did Not Dare To Dream: Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbenes (cAACs) as New Key Players in Transition-Metal Chemistry. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ursula S. D. Paul
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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14
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Taylor JW, McSkimming A, Moret ME, Harman WH. A Molecular Boroauride: A Donor-Acceptor Complex of Anionic Gold. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan W. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry; University of California-Riverside; Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Alex McSkimming
- Department of Chemistry; University of California-Riverside; Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Marc-Etienne Moret
- Organic Chemistry & Catalysis; Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science; Utrecht University; Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - W. Hill Harman
- Department of Chemistry; University of California-Riverside; Riverside CA 92521 USA
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15
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Taylor JW, McSkimming A, Moret ME, Harman WH. A Molecular Boroauride: A Donor-Acceptor Complex of Anionic Gold. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:10413-10417. [PMID: 28589611 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Gold is unique among the transition metals in that it is stable as an isolated anion (auride). Despite this fact, the coordination chemistry of anionic gold is virtually nonexistent, and this unique oxidation state is not readily exploited in conventional solution chemistry owing to its high reactivity. Through the use of a new molecular scaffold based on diboraanthracene (B2 P2 , 1), we have overcome these issues by avoiding the intermediacy of zerovalent gold and stabilizing the highly reduced gold anion through acceptor interactions. We have thus synthesized a molecular boroauride [(B2 P2 )Au]- ([2]- ) and showed its reversible conversion between Au-I and AuI states. Through a combination of spectroscopic and computational studies, we show the neutral state to be a AuI complex with a ligand radical anion. Bonding analyses (NBO and QTAIM) and the isolobal relationship between gold and hydrogen provide support for the description of [2]- as a boroauride complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan W Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Alex McSkimming
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Marc-Etienne Moret
- Organic Chemistry & Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W Hill Harman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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16
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Gu L, Zheng Y, Haldón E, Goddard R, Bill E, Thiel W, Alcarazo M. α-Radical Phosphines: Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lianghu Gu
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstr 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Yiying Zheng
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser Wilhelm Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Estela Haldón
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser Wilhelm Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Richard Goddard
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser Wilhelm Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Eckhard Bill
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion; Stiftstrasse 34-36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser Wilhelm Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Manuel Alcarazo
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstr 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
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17
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Gu L, Zheng Y, Haldón E, Goddard R, Bill E, Thiel W, Alcarazo M. α-Radical Phosphines: Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8790-8794. [PMID: 28544330 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A series of phosphines featuring a persistent radical were synthesized in two steps by condensation of dialkyl-/diarylchlorophosphines with stable cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes (cAACs) followed by one-electron reduction of the corresponding cationic intermediates. Structural, spectroscopic, and computational data indicate that the spin density in these phosphines is mainly localized on the original carbene carbon from the cAAC fragment; thus, it remains in the α-position with respect to the central phosphorus atom. The potential of these α-radical phosphines to serve as spin-labeled ligands is demonstrated through the preparation of several AuI derivatives, which were also structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghu Gu
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yiying Zheng
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser Wilhelm Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Estela Haldón
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser Wilhelm Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Richard Goddard
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser Wilhelm Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Eckhard Bill
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser Wilhelm Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Manuel Alcarazo
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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18
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Melaimi M, Jazzar R, Soleilhavoup M, Bertrand G. Cyclische Alkylaminocarbene (CAACs): Neues von guten Bekannten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201702148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohand Melaimi
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory, UMI 3555, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Rodolphe Jazzar
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory, UMI 3555, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Michèle Soleilhavoup
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory, UMI 3555, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory, UMI 3555, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
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19
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Melaimi M, Jazzar R, Soleilhavoup M, Bertrand G. Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbenes (CAACs): Recent Developments. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:10046-10068. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 507] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohand Melaimi
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory, UMI 3555, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Rodolphe Jazzar
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory, UMI 3555, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Michèle Soleilhavoup
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory, UMI 3555, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory, UMI 3555, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
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20
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Ye Q, Ziegler MS, Lakshmi KV, Don Tilley T. Titanium Imido Complexes via Displacement of -SiMe 3 and C-H Bond Activation in a Ti(III) Amido Complex, Promoted by a Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino) Carbene (cAAC). Eur J Inorg Chem 2017; 2017:2484-2487. [PMID: 30505212 PMCID: PMC6261457 DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A strong σ-donating cyclic (alkyl)(amino) carbene (cAAC) triggers rearrangement of the silyl(aryl) amido ligand -N(SiMe3)Dipp (Dipp = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl) in the coordination sphere of titanium(III) to afford a novel zwitterionic titanium imido complex with a TiCH2SiMe2[cAAC] linkage. Reduction of this species produces a new DippN=Ti imido complex containing a cAAC-centered radical species, characterized by single crystal diffraction analysis and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CA94720-1460, USA
- Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 (China)
| | - Micah S Ziegler
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CA94720-1460, USA
| | - K V Lakshmi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CA94720-1460, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States
| | - T Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CA94720-1460, USA
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21
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Hettmanczyk L, Spall SJP, Klenk S, van der Meer M, Hohloch S, Weinstein JA, Sarkar B. Structural, Electrochemical, and Photochemical Properties of Mono- and Digold(I) Complexes Containing Mesoionic Carbenes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Hettmanczyk
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Anorganische Chemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Fabeckstraße 34-36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | | | - Sinja Klenk
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Anorganische Chemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Fabeckstraße 34-36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Margarethe van der Meer
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Anorganische Chemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Fabeckstraße 34-36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Stephan Hohloch
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Anorganische Chemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Fabeckstraße 34-36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | | | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Anorganische Chemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Fabeckstraße 34-36 14195 Berlin Germany
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22
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Mahoney JK, Jazzar R, Royal G, Martin D, Bertrand G. The Advantages of Cyclic Over Acyclic Carbenes To Access Isolable Capto-Dative C-Centered Radicals. Chemistry 2017; 23:6206-6212. [PMID: 28105672 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A cyclic and an acyclic di(amino)carbene as well as a cyclic and an acyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene cleanly react with benzoyl chloride to give the corresponding adducts 1+cyc , 1+acy , 2+cyc , and 2+acy , respectively. The reduction of 1+cyc and 2+cyc derived from cyclic carbenes affords the corresponding radicals 1cyc and 2cyc that are stable at room temperature. In contrast, radicals 1acy and 2acy , derived from acyclic carbenes, cannot be isolated. It is shown that 1acy is as thermodynamically stabilized as its cyclic counterpart 1cyc , but its instability is the result of β-hydrogens of the nitrogen substituent, along with the enhanced flexibility around C-N bonds, which allow for a H. -migration-elimination process. Radical 2acy is thermodynamically unstable, and undergoes disproportionation into the corresponding iminium 2+acy and enolate 2-acy . This is due to the excessive steric hindrance, which prevents electron-delocalization on the NCCO fragment, and thus, the capto-dative stabilization. This work suggests general guidelines for the design of highly persistent (amino)(carboxy)radicals, especially by emphasizing the key advantage of cyclic patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janell K Mahoney
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0358, USA
| | - Rodolphe Jazzar
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0358, USA
| | - Guy Royal
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR 5250), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - David Martin
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR 5250), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0358, USA
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23
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Segala M, Schneider FSS, Caramori GF, Parreira RLT. Evaluation of Electron Donation as a Mechanism for the Stabilisation of Chalcogenate-Protected Gold Nanoclusters. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:3102-3111. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano Segala
- Departamento de Físico-Química, Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS 91501-970 Brazil
| | - Felipe S. S. Schneider
- Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Campus Universitário Trindade, CP 476 Florianópolis SC 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Giovanni F. Caramori
- Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Campus Universitário Trindade, CP 476 Florianópolis SC 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Renato L. T. Parreira
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas; Universidade de Franca; Franca SP 14404-600 Brazil
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24
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Turner ZR. Chemically Non-Innocent Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Carbenes: Ligand Rearrangement, C−H and C−F Bond Activation. Chemistry 2016; 22:11461-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoë R. Turner
- Chemistry Research Laboratory; Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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25
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Geitner FS, Fässler TF. Introducing Tetrel Zintl Ions to N-Heterocyclic Carbenes - Synthesis of Coinage Metal NHC Complexes of [Ge9{Si(SiMe3)3}3]-. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix S. Geitner
- Institute for Silicon Chemistry and Department of Chemistry; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching/München Germany
| | - Thomas F. Fässler
- Department of Chemistry; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching/München Germany
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26
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Chandra Mondal K, Roy S, Roesky HW. Silicon based radicals, radical ions, diradicals and diradicaloids. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:1080-111. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00739a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diradical (cAAC˙)2SiCl2 is isolated in two polymorphic forms. The crystals of one of the polymorphs are stable in open air for over a week.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudipta Roy
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Georg-August-Universität
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
| | - Herbert W. Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Georg-August-Universität
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
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27
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Groenewald F, Dillen J, Raubenheimer HG, Esterhuysen C. Preparing Gold(I) for Interactions with Proton Donors: The Elusive [Au]⋅⋅⋅HO Hydrogen Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201508358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Groenewald
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science; University of Stellenbosch; Private Bag X1 Matieland 7602 South Africa
| | - Jan Dillen
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science; University of Stellenbosch; Private Bag X1 Matieland 7602 South Africa
| | - Helgard G. Raubenheimer
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science; University of Stellenbosch; Private Bag X1 Matieland 7602 South Africa
| | - Catharine Esterhuysen
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science; University of Stellenbosch; Private Bag X1 Matieland 7602 South Africa
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28
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Groenewald F, Dillen J, Raubenheimer HG, Esterhuysen C. Preparing Gold(I) for Interactions with Proton Donors: The Elusive [Au]⋅⋅⋅HO Hydrogen Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:1694-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Groenewald
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science; University of Stellenbosch; Private Bag X1 Matieland 7602 South Africa
| | - Jan Dillen
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science; University of Stellenbosch; Private Bag X1 Matieland 7602 South Africa
| | - Helgard G. Raubenheimer
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science; University of Stellenbosch; Private Bag X1 Matieland 7602 South Africa
| | - Catharine Esterhuysen
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science; University of Stellenbosch; Private Bag X1 Matieland 7602 South Africa
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29
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Mondal KC, Roy S, Maity B, Koley D, Roesky HW. Estimation of σ-Donation and π-Backdonation of Cyclic Alkyl(amino) Carbene-Containing Compounds. Inorg Chem 2015; 55:163-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Chandra Mondal
- Institut für
Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sudipta Roy
- Institut für
Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bholanath Maity
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Debasis Koley
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Herbert W. Roesky
- Institut für
Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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30
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Rao B, Tang H, Zeng X, Liu LL, Melaimi M, Bertrand G. Cyclic (Amino)(aryl)carbenes (CAArCs) as Strong σ‐Donating and π‐Accepting Ligands for Transition Metals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201507844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Rao
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054 (P.R. China)
| | - Huarong Tang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054 (P.R. China)
| | - Xiaoming Zeng
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054 (P.R. China)
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071 (P.R. China)
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- UCSD‐CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093‐0358 (USA)
| | - Mohand Melaimi
- UCSD‐CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093‐0358 (USA)
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD‐CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093‐0358 (USA)
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31
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Espada MF, Campos J, López-Serrano J, Poveda ML, Carmona E. Methyl-, Ethenyl-, and Ethynyl-Bridged Cationic Digold Complexes Stabilized by Coordination to a Bulky Terphenylphosphine Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:15379-84. [PMID: 26555404 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of the gold(I) triflimide complex [Au(NTf2 )(PMe2 Ar${{^{{\rm Dipp}{_{2}}}}}$)] (1) with the gold(I) hydrocarbyl species [AuR(PMe2 Ar${{^{{\rm Dipp}{_{2}}}}}$)] (2 a-2 c) enable the isolation of hydrocarbyl-bridged cationic digold complexes with the general composition [Au2 (μ-R)(PMe2 Ar${{^{{\rm Dipp}{_{2}}}}}$)2 ][NTf2 ], where Ar${{^{{\rm Dipp}{_{2}}}}}$=C6 H3 -2,6-(C6 H3 -2,6-iPr2 )2 and R=Me (3), CHCH2 (4), or CCH (5). Compound 3 is the first alkyl-bridged digold complex to be reported and features a symmetric [Au(μ-CH3 )Au](+) core. Complexes 4 and 5 are the first species of their kind that contain simple, unsubstituted vinyl and acetylide units, respectively. In the series of complexes 3-5, the bridging carbon atom systematically changes its hybridization from sp(3) to sp(2) and sp. Concomitant with this change, and owing to variations in the nature of the bonding within the [Au(μ-R)Au](+) unit, there is a gradual decrease in aurophilicity, that is, the strength of the Au⋅⋅⋅Au bonding interaction decreases. This change is illustrated by a monotonic increase in the Au-Au distance by approximately 0.3 Å from R=CH3 (2.71 Å) to CHCH2 (3.07 Å) and CCH (3.31 Å).
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Affiliation(s)
- María F Espada
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla (Spain)
| | - Jesús Campos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla (Spain). .,Present address: Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR (UK).
| | - Joaquín López-Serrano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla (Spain)
| | - Manuel L Poveda
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla (Spain)
| | - Ernesto Carmona
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla (Spain).
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32
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Methyl-, Ethenyl-, and Ethynyl-Bridged Cationic Digold Complexes Stabilized by Coordination to a Bulky Terphenylphosphine Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201508931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Rao B, Tang H, Zeng X, Liu LL, Melaimi M, Bertrand G. Cyclic (Amino)(aryl)carbenes (CAArCs) as Strong σ-Donating and π-Accepting Ligands for Transition Metals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:14915-9. [PMID: 26457345 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201507844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic (amino)(aryl)carbenes (CAArCs) result from the replacement of the alkyl substituent of cyclic (alkyl)(amino) carbenes (CAACs) by an aryl group. This structural modification leads to enhanced electrophilicity of the carbene center with retention of the high nucleophilicity of CAACs, and therefore CAArCs feature a small singlet-triplet gap. The isoindolium precursors are readily prepared in good yields, and deprotonation at low temperature, in the presence of [RhCl(cod)]2 and [(Me2S)AuCl] lead to air-stable rhodium and gold CAArC-supported complexes, respectively. The rhodium complexes promote the [3+2] cycloaddition of diphenylcyclopropenone with ethyl phenylpropiolate, and induce the addition of 2-vinylpyridine to alkenes by CH activation. The gold complexes allow for the catalytic three-component preparation of 1,2-dihydroquinolines from aniline and phenyl acetylene. These preliminary results illustrate the potential of CAArC ligands in transition-metal catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Rao
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054 (P.R. China)
| | - Huarong Tang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054 (P.R. China)
| | - Xiaoming Zeng
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054 (P.R. China). .,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071 (P.R. China).
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358 (USA)
| | - Mohand Melaimi
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358 (USA)
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358 (USA).
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Braunschweig H, Ewing WC, Kramer T, Mattock JD, Vargas A, Werner C. Organometallic Probe for the Electronics of Base-Stabilized Group 11 Metal Cations. Chemistry 2015; 21:12347-56. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Roy S, Mondal KC, Meyer J, Niepötter B, Köhler C, Herbst-Irmer R, Stalke D, Dittrich B, Andrada DM, Frenking G, Roesky HW. Synthesis, Characterization, and Theoretical Investigation of Two-Coordinate Palladium(0) and Platinum(0) Complexes Utilizing π-Accepting Carbenes. Chemistry 2015; 21:9312-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Styra S, Melaimi M, Moore CE, Rheingold AL, Augenstein T, Breher F, Bertrand G. Crystalline Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbene-tetrafluoropyridyl Radical. Chemistry 2015; 21:8441-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Hinz A, Schulz A, Villinger A. P-P σ-bond activation by gold(I) coordination. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:1363-6. [PMID: 25488043 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09164g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bond activation by gold is of imminent interest with respect to catalytic activity. By coordination of an AuCl fragment onto the P-P σ-bond of an azadiphosphiridine, the P-P bond is cleaved to give a PNP type of ligand in the gold(I) complex. Another equivalent of the gold precursor selectively binds on a P lone pair. The bonding situation was further studied by means of computation, indicating the existence of a 3-center-2-electron bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hinz
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
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Jin L, Weinberger DS, Melaimi M, Moore CE, Rheingold AL, Bertrand G. Trinuclear Gold Clusters Supported by Cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene Ligands: Mimics for Gold Heterogeneous Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201404665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Jin L, Weinberger DS, Melaimi M, Moore CE, Rheingold AL, Bertrand G. Trinuclear Gold Clusters Supported by Cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene Ligands: Mimics for Gold Heterogeneous Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9059-63. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Kretschmer R, Ruiz DA, Moore CE, Rheingold AL, Bertrand G. Ein-, Zwei- und Drei-Elektronen-Reduktion eines CAAC-SbCl3- Addukts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201404849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kretschmer R, Ruiz DA, Moore CE, Rheingold AL, Bertrand G. One-, Two-, and Three-Electron Reduction of a Cyclic Alkyl(amino)carbene-SbCl3Adduct. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:8176-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ung G, Rittle J, Soleilhavoup M, Bertrand G, Peters JC. Two-Coordinate Fe0and Co0Complexes Supported by Cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:8427-31. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ung G, Rittle J, Soleilhavoup M, Bertrand G, Peters JC. Two-Coordinate Fe0and Co0Complexes Supported by Cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201404078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Böhnke J, Braunschweig H, Ewing WC, Hörl C, Kramer T, Krummenacher I, Mies J, Vargas A. Diborabutatrien: ein elektronenarmes Cumulen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Böhnke J, Braunschweig H, Ewing WC, Hörl C, Kramer T, Krummenacher I, Mies J, Vargas A. Diborabutatriene: An Electron-Deficient Cumulene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9082-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Pelties S, Wolf R. Iron(II), Cobalt(II), and Nickel(II) Complexes of a Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbene. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201300395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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