1
|
Stuhr R, Bayer P, von Wangelin AJ. The Diverse Modes of Oxygen Reactivity in Life & Chemistry. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202201323. [PMID: 36214486 PMCID: PMC10100308 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen is a molecule of utmost importance in our lives. Beside its vital role for the respiration and sustaining of organisms, oxygen is involved in numerous chemical and physical processes. Upon combination of the different forms of molecular oxygen species with various activation modes, substrates, and reaction conditions an extremely wide chemical space can be covered that enables rich applications of diverse oxygenation processes. This Review provides an instructive overview of the individual properties and reactivities of oxygen species and illustrates their importance in nature, everyday life, and in the context of chemical synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Stuhr
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HamburgMartin-Luther-King Platz 620146HamburgGermany
| | - Patrick Bayer
- Pantheon AustriaThermo Fisher ScientificSt. Peter Str. 254020LinzAustria
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu Y, Hu C, Wang T, Eberle L, Hashmi ASK. Gold‐Catalyzed Reaction of Anthranils with Alkynyl Sulfones for the Regioselective Formation of 3‐Hydroxyquinolines. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou Guangdong 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Hu
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Tao Wang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Lukas Eberle
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University (KAU) 21589 Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Colella M, Tota A, Takahashi Y, Higuma R, Ishikawa S, Degennaro L, Luisi R, Nagaki A. Fluoro‐Substituted Methyllithium Chemistry: External Quenching Method Using Flow Microreactors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Colella
- Department of Pharmacy—Drug SciencesFlow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-LabUniversity of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Arianna Tota
- Department of Pharmacy—Drug SciencesFlow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-LabUniversity of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Synthetic and Biological ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Ryosuke Higuma
- Department of Synthetic and Biological ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Susumu Ishikawa
- Department of Synthetic and Biological ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Leonardo Degennaro
- Department of Pharmacy—Drug SciencesFlow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-LabUniversity of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Department of Pharmacy—Drug SciencesFlow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-LabUniversity of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Colella M, Tota A, Takahashi Y, Higuma R, Ishikawa S, Degennaro L, Luisi R, Nagaki A. Fluoro‐Substituted Methyllithium Chemistry: External Quenching Method Using Flow Microreactors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:10924-10928. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Colella
- Department of Pharmacy—Drug SciencesFlow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-LabUniversity of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Arianna Tota
- Department of Pharmacy—Drug SciencesFlow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-LabUniversity of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Synthetic and Biological ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Ryosuke Higuma
- Department of Synthetic and Biological ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Susumu Ishikawa
- Department of Synthetic and Biological ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Leonardo Degennaro
- Department of Pharmacy—Drug SciencesFlow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-LabUniversity of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Department of Pharmacy—Drug SciencesFlow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-LabUniversity of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Synthesis of Biaryls Having a Piperidylmethyl Group Based on Space Integration of Lithiation, Borylation, and Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
6
|
Ichinari D, Ashikari Y, Mandai K, Aizawa Y, Yoshida JI, Nagaki A. A Novel Approach to Functionalization of Aryl Azides through the Generation and Reaction of Organolithium Species Bearing Masked Azides in Flow Microreactors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:1567-1571. [PMID: 31733010 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel straightforward method for aryl azides having functional groups based on generation and reactions of aryllithiums bearing a triazene group from polybromoarenes using flow microreactor systems was achieved. The present approach will serve as a powerful method in organolithium chemistry and open a new possibility in the synthesis of polyfunctional organic azides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ichinari
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ashikari
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kyoko Mandai
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoko Aizawa
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Yoshida
- National Institute of Technology, Suzuka College, Shiroko-cho, Suzuka, Mie, 510-0294, Japan
| | - Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ichinari D, Ashikari Y, Mandai K, Aizawa Y, Yoshida J, Nagaki A. A Novel Approach to Functionalization of Aryl Azides through the Generation and Reaction of Organolithium Species Bearing Masked Azides in Flow Microreactors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ichinari
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yosuke Ashikari
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kyoko Mandai
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yoko Aizawa
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Jun‐ichi Yoshida
- National Institute of Technology Suzuka College Shiroko-cho, Suzuka Mie 510-0294 Japan
| | - Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ashikari Y, Saito K, Nokami T, Yoshida JI, Nagaki A. Oxo-Thiolation of Cationically Polymerizable Alkenes Using Flow Microreactors. Chemistry 2019; 25:15239-15243. [PMID: 31414708 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes the cationic oxo-thiolation of polymerizable alkenes by using highly reactive cationic species generated by anodic oxidation. These highly reactive cations were able to activate alkenes before their polymerization. Fast mixing in flow microreactors effectively controlled chemoselectivity, enabling higher reaction temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Ashikari
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kodai Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nokami
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology and Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori, 680-8552, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Yoshida
- National Institute of Technology, Suzuka College, Shiroko-cho, Suzuka, Mie, 510-0294, Japan
| | - Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nagaki A, Yamashita H, Tsuchihashi Y, Hirose K, Takumi M, Yoshida JI. Generation and Reaction of Functional Alkyllithiums by Using Microreactors and Their Application to Heterotelechelic Polymer Synthesis. Chemistry 2019; 25:13719-13727. [PMID: 31400025 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Flow microreactors enabled the successful generation of various functional alkyllithiums containing electrophilic functional groups, as well as the use of these alkyllithiums in subsequent reactions. The high reactivity of these series of reactions could be achieved by the extremely accurate and selective control of residence time. Moreover, integrated flow microreactor systems could be used to successfully synthesize heterotelechelic polymers with two functionalities, one at each end, via a process involving controlled anionic polymerization initiated by functional alkyllithium compounds, followed by trapping reactions with difunctional electrophiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamashita
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuta Tsuchihashi
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Hirose
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takumi
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Yoshida
- National Institute of Technology, Suzuka College, Shiroko-cho, Suzuka, Mie, 510-0294, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nagaki A, Sasatsuki K, Ishiuchi S, Miuchi N, Takumi M, Yoshida JI. Synthesis of Functionalized Ketones from Acid Chlorides and Organolithiums by Extremely Fast Micromixing. Chemistry 2019; 25:4946-4950. [PMID: 30775815 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of ketones containing various functional groups from acid chlorides bearing electrophilic functional groups and functionalized organolithiums was achieved using a flow microreactor system. Extremely fast mixing is important for high chemoselectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kengo Sasatsuki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishiuchi
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Miuchi
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takumi
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Yoshida
- National Institute of Technology, Suzuka College, Emeritus Professor, Kyoto University, Shiroko-cho, Suzuka, Mie, 510-0294, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nagaki A, Yamashita H, Hirose K, Tsuchihashi Y, Yoshida JI. Alkyllithium Compounds Bearing Electrophilic Functional Groups: A Flash Chemistry Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:4027-4030. [PMID: 30690827 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Flash chemistry based on flow microreactor systems allowed alkyllithiums bearing electrophilic functional groups to be successfully generated and used for subsequent reactions. The series of reactions with high reactivity was achieved by extremely accurate control over residence time in a controlled and selective manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamashita
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Hirose
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuta Tsuchihashi
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Yoshida
- National Institute of Technology, Suzuka College, Shiroko-cho, Suzuka, Mie, 510-0294, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nagaki A, Yamashita H, Hirose K, Tsuchihashi Y, Yoshida J. Alkyllithium Compounds Bearing Electrophilic Functional Groups: A Flash Chemistry Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201814088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamashita
- Department of Synthetic and Biological ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Hirose
- Department of Synthetic and Biological ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yuta Tsuchihashi
- Department of Synthetic and Biological ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Jun‐ichi Yoshida
- National Institute of TechnologySuzuka College Shiroko-cho, Suzuka Mie 510-0294 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Klussmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Britton J, Jamison TF. A Unified Continuous Flow Assembly-Line Synthesis of Highly Substituted Pyrazoles and Pyrazolines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8823-8827. [PMID: 28544160 PMCID: PMC6990874 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and modular continuous flow synthesis of highly functionalized fluorinated pyrazoles and pyrazolines has been developed. Flowing fluorinated amines through sequential reactor coils mediates diazoalkane formation and [3+2] cycloaddition to generate more than 30 azoles in a telescoped fashion. Pyrazole cores are then sequentially modified through additional reactor modules performing N-alkylation and arylation, deprotection, and amidation to install broad molecular diversity in short order. Continuous flow synthesis enables the safe handling of diazoalkanes at elevated temperatures, and the use of aryl alkyne dipolarphiles under catalyst free conditions. This assembly line synthesis provides a flexible approach for the synthesis of agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals, as demonstrated by a four-step, telescoped synthesis of measles therapeutic, AS-136A, in a total residence time of 31.7 min (1.76 g h-1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Britton
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Timothy F Jamison
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Britton J, Jamison TF. A Unified Continuous Flow Assembly-Line Synthesis of Highly Substituted Pyrazoles and Pyrazolines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Britton
- Department of Chemistry; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Timothy F. Jamison
- Department of Chemistry; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bergami M, Protti S, Ravelli D, Fagnoni M. Flow Metal-Free ArC Bond FormationviaPhotogenerated Phenyl Cations. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
17
|
Nagaki A, Takahashi Y, Yoshida JI. Generation and Reaction of Carbamoyl Anions in Flow: Applications in the Three-Component Synthesis of Functionalized α-Ketoamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Yoshida
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nagaki A, Takahashi Y, Yoshida JI. Generation and Reaction of Carbamoyl Anions in Flow: Applications in the Three-Component Synthesis of Functionalized α-Ketoamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:5327-31. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Yoshida
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kim H, Lee HJ, Kim DP. Flow-Assisted Synthesis of [10]Cycloparaphenylene through Serial Microreactions under Mild Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:1422-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heejin Kim
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Hyune-Jea Lee
- National Centre of Applied Microfluidic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, POSTECH; Pohang University of Science and Technology); Pohang 790-784 South Korea
| | - Dong-Pyo Kim
- National Centre of Applied Microfluidic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, POSTECH; Pohang University of Science and Technology); Pohang 790-784 South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kim H, Lee HJ, Kim DP. Flow-Assisted Synthesis of [10]Cycloparaphenylene through Serial Microreactions under Mild Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heejin Kim
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Hyune-Jea Lee
- National Centre of Applied Microfluidic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, POSTECH; Pohang University of Science and Technology); Pohang 790-784 South Korea
| | - Dong-Pyo Kim
- National Centre of Applied Microfluidic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, POSTECH; Pohang University of Science and Technology); Pohang 790-784 South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gutmann B, Cantillo D, Kappe CO. Continuous-flow technology—a tool for the safe manufacturing of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6688-728. [PMID: 25989203 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 870] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years, continuous-flow reactors with channel dimensions in the micro- or millimeter region have found widespread application in organic synthesis. The characteristic properties of these reactors are their exceptionally fast heat and mass transfer. In microstructured devices of this type, virtually instantaneous mixing can be achieved for all but the fastest reactions. Similarly, the accumulation of heat, formation of hot spots, and dangers of thermal runaways can be prevented. As a result of the small reactor volumes, the overall safety of the process is significantly improved, even when harsh reaction conditions are used. Thus, microreactor technology offers a unique way to perform ultrafast, exothermic reactions, and allows the execution of reactions which proceed via highly unstable or even explosive intermediates. This Review discusses recent literature examples of continuous-flow organic synthesis where hazardous reactions or extreme process windows have been employed, with a focus on applications of relevance to the preparation of pharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Gutmann
- Institute of Chemistry, University Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz (Austria) http://www.maos.net
| | - David Cantillo
- Institute of Chemistry, University Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz (Austria) http://www.maos.net
| | - C Oliver Kappe
- Institute of Chemistry, University Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz (Austria) http://www.maos.net.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gutmann B, Cantillo D, Kappe CO. Kontinuierliche Durchflussverfahren: ein Werkzeug für die sichere Synthese von pharmazeutischen Wirkstoffen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
23
|
Vanoye L, Pablos M, de Bellefon C, Favre-Réguillon A. Gas-Liquid Segmented Flow Microfluidics for Screening Copper/TEMPO-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Primary Alcohols. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
24
|
Fan X, Yan M, He Y, Shen N, Zhang X. Synthesis of Functionalized Phenols via the Cascade Reactions of Allenic Ketones with β-Diketones. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201500001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
25
|
Talla A, Driessen B, Straathof NJW, Milroy LG, Brunsveld L, Hessel V, Noël T. Metal-Free Photocatalytic Aerobic Oxidation of Thiols to Disulfides in Batch and Continuous-Flow. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201401010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
26
|
García-López JA, Çetin M, Greaney MF. Double heteroatom functionalization of arenes using benzyne three-component coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:2156-9. [PMID: 25580700 PMCID: PMC4832838 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Arynes participate in three-component coupling reactions with N, S, P, and Se functionalities to yield 1,2-heteroatom-difunctionalized arenes. Using 2-iodophenyl arylsulfonates as benzyne precursors, we could effectively add magnesiated S-, Se-, and N-nucleophilic components to the strained triple bond. In the same pot, addition of electrophilic N, S, or P reagents and a copper(I) catalyst trapped the intermediate aryl Grignard to produce a variety of 1,2-difunctionalized arenes.
Collapse
|
27
|
García-López JA, Çetin M, Greaney MF. Double Heteroatom Functionalization of Arenes Using Benzyne Three-Component Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
28
|
Kim H, Lee HJ, Kim DP. Integrated One-Flow Synthesis of Heterocyclic Thioquinazolinones through Serial Microreactions with Two Organolithium Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
29
|
Kim H, Lee HJ, Kim DP. Integrated One-Flow Synthesis of Heterocyclic Thioquinazolinones through Serial Microreactions with Two Organolithium Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:1877-80. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
30
|
Nagaki A, Imai K, Ishiuchi S, Yoshida JI. Reactions of Difunctional Electrophiles with Functionalized Aryllithium Compounds: Remarkable Chemoselectivity by Flash Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:1914-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
31
|
Nagaki A, Imai K, Ishiuchi S, Yoshida JI. Reactions of Difunctional Electrophiles with Functionalized Aryllithium Compounds: Remarkable Chemoselectivity by Flash Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
32
|
Ghislieri D, Gilmore K, Seeberger PH. Chemische Fertigungssysteme: Kontrolle auf mehreren Ebenen für die divergente, kontinuierliche und vielstufige Synthese von pharmazeutisch aktiven Wirkstoffen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
33
|
Ghislieri D, Gilmore K, Seeberger PH. Chemical Assembly Systems: Layered Control for Divergent, Continuous, Multistep Syntheses of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:678-82. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
34
|
Wu J, Yang X, He Z, Mao X, Hatton TA, Jamison TF. Continuous flow synthesis of ketones from carbon dioxide and organolithium or Grignard reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:8416-20. [PMID: 24961600 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201405014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We describe an efficient continuous flow synthesis of ketones from CO2 and organolithium or Grignard reagents that exhibits significant advantages over conventional batch conditions in suppressing undesired symmetric ketone and tertiary alcohol byproducts. We observed an unprecedented solvent-dependence of the organolithium reactivity, the key factor in governing selectivity during the flow process. A facile, telescoped three-step-one-flow process for the preparation of ketones in a modular fashion through the in-line generation of organometallic reagents is also established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Petersen TP, Becker MR, Knochel P. Continuous flow magnesiation of functionalized heterocycles and acrylates with TMPMgCl⋅LiCl. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:7933-7. [PMID: 24962240 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A flow procedure for the metalation of functionalized heterocycles (pyridines, pyrimidines, thiophenes, and thiazoles) and various acrylates using the strong, non-nucleophilic base TMPMgCl⋅LiCl is reported. The flow conditions allow the magnesiations to be performed under more convenient conditions than the comparable batch reactions, which often require cryogenic temperatures and long reaction times. Moreover, the flow reactions are directly scalable without further optimization. Metalation under flow conditions also allows magnesiations that did not produce the desired products under batch conditions, such as the magnesiation of sensitive acrylic derivatives. The magnesiated species are subsequently quenched with various electrophiles, thereby introducing a broad range of functionalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trine P Petersen
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München (Germany)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wu J, Yang X, He Z, Mao X, Hatton TA, Jamison TF. Continuous Flow Synthesis of Ketones from Carbon Dioxide and Organolithium or Grignard Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201405014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
37
|
Petersen TP, Becker MR, Knochel P. Magnesierung funktionalisierter Heterocyclen und Acrylate unter Verwendung von TMPMgCl⋅LiCl in kontinuierlichem Fluss. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201404221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|